Spirea (Spiraea) ko meadowsweet yana da alaƙa kai tsaye ga asalin halittun itace na ado da kuma ga dangin ruwan hoda (Rosaceae). Daga tsohuwar Hellenanci "speira" an fassara shi a matsayin "lanƙwasa", wannan saboda mahimmancin sassauƙa ne na mai tushe. Wannan inji yana dauke unpretentious. Wannan nau'in halittar ya danganta kusan nau'ikan 100; waɗannan tsirrai sun fi son girma cikin gandun daji-steppes, steppes da des-deserts. An ambaci farkon ambaton wannan tsiro, wanda ake kira meadowsweet, a cikin jigon "Sadko", wanda aka rubuta a kusa da 1478 kuma a ƙarni na 19. V.I. Dahl yayi bayani game da wannan shuka a cikin kamus din sa, Inda ya ce an yi amfani da sanduna na bakin ciki da karfi sosai don yin bulala da kwari. A yau, babban adadin nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban da nau'ikan meadowsweet, waɗanda ke bambanta su da kyawawan halayensu na ado, gami da juriya sanyi da dogon fure.
Fasali na Spirea Shrub
Ana samo spirea duka biyu m (kusan 2.5 m), da ƙaramin (kimanin santimita 15). Akwai wani fibrous ba zurfin tushen tsarin. Rassan na iya zama na tsaye ko na jan ciki, kwance ko shimfiɗa ta. Zasu iya samun launi daga duhu zuwa launin ruwan kasa launin shuɗi. Haushi yana da ikon yin shimfiɗa ta jimawa. Takaddun ganye na Petiole da ke kusa da juna suna da daga 3 zuwa 5 ruwan wukake da nau'i mai zagaye ko lanceolate. Spiraea inflorescences ya ƙunshi babban adadi na ƙananan furanni, kuma suna iya samun fure-kamar, corymbose, paniculate ko siffar pyramidal. Furen za a iya fentin launuka daban-daban daga rasberi zuwa dusar fari-fari. Matsayin da inflorescences kai tsaye ya dogara da nau'in. Don haka, akwai wasu nau'ikan da suke a cikin tushe, a cikin wasu - kawai a cikin ɓangaren na sama, kuma a cikin wasu - kawai a ƙarshen rassan. Kuna iya yaduwar meadowsweet ta hanyar sanya farashi, tsaba, rarrabe daji ko yabanya.
Irin wannan shuka yana da girma don ƙirƙirar shinge, har ma da tsire-tsire. A lokaci guda, nau'in dwarf ana amfani da shi sosai don lambuna masu dutse, shinge, har ma da "kifin." Hakanan, daji na meadowsweet yana da ban sha'awa sosai kuma a matsayin tsirrai ɗaya.
Iri da nau'ikan spirea tare da hoto
Wasu nau'ikan da nau'ikan sun fi shahara, wasu ba ƙasa ba. All spirea a lokacin da suka fara blooming rabu biyu zuwa spring-blooming da lokacin rani-blooming.
Hutun bazara
Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna saurin tashi sosai. Wani fasalin su shine furanni masu kyau waɗanda za'a iya fentin su da launuka daban-daban na fari. Inflorescences yana girma akan mai tushe na bara. A lokacin harbi, furanni ya fara bayyana ne kawai a shekara ta 2 na rayuwarsa. Wadannan makiyaya suna da ƙarfi a hankali. Waɗannan nau'ikan masu zuwa sun fi shahara tsakanin masu shuka furanni:
Spreya mai launin toka
Irin wannan tsiro na matasan da aka haife shi sakamakon guguwar share fatar launin toka da St. John's wort spirea. Furenninta fari ne, kuma ana kiran shuka da launin toka saboda inuwa ta ganye. Tsawon daji bai wuce santimita 180 ba. A kan rassan da ke jujjuya akwatunan faranti masu launin shuɗi-launin toka mai launin lanceolate (gefen da ba daidai ba ya yi launin toka). Furanni furanni wani bangare ne na inflorescences na corymbose, wanda ke tare da duka tsawon reshen. Flow yana gudana daga rabin na biyu na Mayu zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni. Mafi mashahuri iri-iri ne launin toka-toka "Grefshame". Tsayi da diamita na daji ya bambanta daga santimita 150 zuwa 200. Rassa mai launin ja-ja mai kafaɗa mai kambi. Fure mai dusar ƙanƙan-fari (diamita har zuwa 1 santimita) furanni sune ɓangare na inflorescences na laima. Wannan meadowsweet shine tsire-tsire na zuma, furenta yana wuce watanni 1.5 kuma yana farawa daga shekara ta biyu na rayuwa.
Spirea Wangutta
An samo wannan tsiro na matasan ne ta hanyar tsallake-tsalle guda uku da Cantonese spirea. Dajin yana da girma babba, don haka tsayinsa da diamita kusan santimita 200 ne. A kan rassan da ke jujjuyawar akwai faranti uku, baƙaƙe, farantin ganye na toshe, gefen gaba wanda duhu ne, kuma ɓangaren da ba daidai ba yana da haske. A cikin kaka, ganye suna canza launin su zuwa lemo-ja. Yawancin inflorescences na hemispherical suna can tare da duka tsawon rassan, wanda ya haɗa da fararen furanni tare da diamita na 6 mm. Flowering a karo na biyu rabin Yuni, ya faru cewa a watan Agusta akwai maimaita fure.
Nippon Spiraea
Homeasar Gida ita ce tsibirin Honshu. Tsawon daji tare da kambi mai rauni mai tsayi ya kai santimita 200. A kan rassan a kwance akwai fararen ganye har zuwa santimita 4,5 tsayi, sun kasance kore har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Fulawa yana farawa a cikin kwanakin Yuni na farko kuma ya ɗauki tsawon makonni 3. Inflorescences na corymbose siffar ta kunshi fure-rawaya mai launin shuɗi na santimita santimita. Abin sha'awa shine, alkalami mai launin shuɗi ne.
Muhawara Spirea
Wannan meadowsweet blooms kafin kowane bazara blooms. Yadawa da daji sosai mai ban sha'awa ya kai santimita 150-200 a tsayi. A lokacin furanni, rassan da ke jujjuya su an rufe su da dumbin furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara, waɗanda da alama suna gudana tare da su. Fulawa yana farawa a cikin kwanakin Mayu na ƙarshe kuma yana kimanin makonni 3.
Lokacin rani
Inflorescences irin wannan tsire-tsire suna girma a saman firam na matasa. Tsohuwar harbe ya bar daga wannan shekarar bushewa akan lokaci. Iri iri-iri na Jafananci suna wakiltar yawancin lokacin bazara. Mafi sau da yawa, furanni suna ruwan hoda a launi, amma na iya zama ruwan hoda-ja ko ja. Mafi mashahuri nau'ikan:
Spirea Jafananci
Matasa harbe tare da jin pubescence kama sosai m, kamar yadda suke tsufa, sun zama tsirara. Daji a tsayi zai iya kaiwa santimita 100-150. Gefen da ba daidai ba na ganyen ovate ganye ana fentin shuɗi, da gaba - a kore. A cikin kaka, sun zama ja, rawaya ko shunayya. Fulawa tayi kimanin watanni 1.5. Inflorescences thyroid-panicle ya kunshi furanni masu ruwan hoda masu launin shuɗi-waɗanda suke girma a ƙarshen mai tushe.
Mafi mashahuri iri:
Spiraea Little Princesses
Kambin zagaye a diamita ya kai santimita 120, kuma tsayin daji shine santimita 60. Takaddun faranti masu launin shuɗi masu duhu ne. Ana tattara furanni masu launin shuɗi-ja tare da diamita na 3-4 santimita a cikin inflorescences na corymbose siffar. Wannan shuki-girma shuka blooms a watan Yuni-Yuli.
Spiraea Jafananci Zinare
Wannan juzu'i ne na nau'ikan da suka gabata. Bambancinsa da tsayin mita na daji da ruwan rawaya na ganye.
Spirea Jafananci
Tsawon daji daga 60 zuwa 80 santimita ne, kuma diamita na kambinsa ya kai santimita 120. Ganyayyaki kore mai duhu santimita biyu-biyu suna da sikirin-lanceolate. Fulawa ya fara a cikin Yuli ko Agusta. Launin furanni ruwan hoda ne ko fari.
Jafananci Spirea Goldflame
A daji ya kai tsawo 80 santimita. Ganyenta mai ruwan-zaki-sannu-sannu a hankali sun sami launi mai launin shuɗi, sannan mai launin shuɗi, kuma a cikin kaka suna juya jan ƙarfe-orange. Flowersanan furanni suna da ruwan hoda ja.
Spiraea Jafananci Crispa
Dan rawanin na fili ya wuce santimita 50, tsayin daji kuma shine santimita 50. Akwai adadi mai yawa na mai tushe mai tushe. Flat umbellate inflorescences a diamita kai 5.5 santimita, sun ƙunshi ƙananan haske furanni ruwan hoda, masu shunayya mai ruwan hoda. Fulawa ya fara a cikin Yuli kuma zai ɗauki makonni 6-8.
Spirea Bumalda
Wannan tsiro na tsiro shine samu ta hanyar tsallaka farin-flowered da Jafananci spirea. Kyakkyawan daji tare da kafaffen kafa mai tushe ya kai tsayin santimita 50-80. Ganyen ganye a kaka suna canza launi zuwa launin shuɗi, ja ko rawaya. Fulawa tayi kimanin watanni 2 kuma yana farawa a watan Yuli. Za'a iya fentin furanni a launuka daban-daban daga duhu zuwa ruwan hoda mai haske. Mafi mashahuri shi ne Bumald Goldflame spirea iri-iri. Tsawon daji shine santimita 80. Takaddun ganye na matasa suna da launi mai launin ruwan-orange, a hankali sun zama launin rawaya na zinariya, sannan launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Kuma a cikin kaka ana yin zanen su da launin shuɗi-jan karfe. Koyaya, ana ganin waɗannan canje-canje idan daji ya girma a yankin mai duhu, kuma a cikin Inuwa mai duhu yana da ganyen fure.
Spirea loosestrife
Tsawon daji ya kai santimita 200. Mai tushe na girma cikin launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa-m. Tsawon farantiyen da aka nuna yakai santimita 10. Tsawon panlole-pyramidal inflorescences yana da kusan santimita 20. Sun hada da ruwan hoda ko furen furanni.
Spirea Douglas
Tsawon daji kusan santimita 150 ne. A saman da kai tsaye brownish-ja harbe akwai pubescence. Tsawon faranti na ganye a kai-tsaye ya bambanta daga santimita 3 zuwa 10. Rowuntataccen apical pyramidal panicle inflorescences kunshi duhu ruwan hoda furanni. Fulawa ya fara a cikin Yuli kuma zai ɗauki makonni 6.
Spirea Billard
Wannan tsiro na tsiro shine sakamakon ƙetare abubuwa na spirea loosestrife da Douglas. A daji ya kai tsawo na 200 santimita. Tsawon faranti-lanceolate shimfidar takarda shine santimita 10. Rowuntataccen tsoro-pyramidal inflorescences ya kai tsawon santimita 20 kuma ya ƙunshi fure mai ruwan hoda. Flowering yana farawa a farkon rabin Yuli.
Siffofin Girma
Duk wani tsiro yana da kowane fasali a cikin kula da shi kuma spirea ba togiya:
- Mafi kyawun duka, irin wannan shuka yana haɓaka kuma yana girma a kan ƙasa mai bushe ko ƙasa. Nagari abun da ke ciki na cakuda: ƙasa, yashi da peat (2: 1: 1).
- A kasan ramin, kuna buƙatar yin Layer don magudanar ruwa, alal misali, daga tubalin da aka karye.
- Ramin rami ya kamata ya zama 1/3 na girman ƙwayar spirea.
- Wajibi ne shuka a cikin zurfin ba kasa da santimita 50 ba, yayin tabbatar da cewa tushen abin wuya yana daidai da matakin ƙasa.
- An bada shawarar dasa wannan shuka a ranar girgije, kuma mafi kyawun yanayi yayin ruwan sama. Mafi kyawun lokacin don saukowa Satumba.
- Kusa da meadowsweet, spruce, juniper da thuja suna da kyau.
Dasa spirea
Spiraea dasa shuki a bazara
A cikin bazara, zaku iya dasa shukar waɗanda spirea waɗanda ke bazara a lokacin rani. A wannan yanayin, ya wajaba a shuka irin shukoki kafin a fara buɗe furannin. Lokacin sayen seedlings, ba da kulawa ta musamman ga tsarin saiti. Idan an shayar da shi sosai, to irin wannan dirin ɗin bai cancanci ɗauka ba. Hakanan kuna buƙatar dubawa da harbewa. Dole ne su zama masu sassauƙa kuma dole ne a ɗora kyawawan kodan a kansu. Bayan sayan, dole ne a shirya seedling don dasa. Don haka, idan tushen sa yayi tsayi da yawa, to tilas a datse shi a hankali domin ya zama ya fi guntu. A cikin yanayin yayin da aka cika tushen ko lalacewa, ya zama dole a datsa duk rassan. Idan an adana seedling na dogon lokaci, kuma tushen sa sun bushe sosai, to lallai ne a sanyaya su ko a shafe su na mintuna da yawa a cikin kwandon ruwa, kuma bayan haka zaka iya fara dasawa.
Irin wannan shuka, kodayake sananne ne don unpretentiousness, amma don sha'awan fure mai yawa muddin zai yiwu, ya zama dole a zabi yankin da ke da lit da ƙasa mai gina jiki. Kuma kar ku manta lokacin zabar wani shafi wanda wannan shukan daji yake bayar da yalwataccen tushe.
Da farko kuna buƙatar yin rami don seedling. Yakamata ya sami gefuna biyu. Volumearar ta ya kamata ya zama aƙalla ɓangaren 1/3 mafi girma fiye da tsarin tushen spiraea. Sannan a bar ramin shi kaɗai tsawon kwana 2-4. Don dasa shuki, ana bada shawara don zaɓar girgije, kuma zai fi dacewa ranar ruwa. Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, ya zama dole ne a sa wani yanki na fashewar tubalin a ƙasa, wanda yakamata ya sami kauri daga 15 zuwa 20 santimita, musamman idan ƙasa ce yumɓu. Sannan kuna buƙatar shirya cakuda ƙasa. don wannan, hada sod (ganye) ƙasa, yashi da peat, an ɗauka a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1. Zuba ruwan a cikin ramin ka tsoma Tushen da ke cikin garin. Yi hankali da daidaita su kuma cika rami tare da cakuda ƙasa, a ɗanƙaƙa shi kadan domin tushen wuyan ya zame tare da ƙasa. Bayan an dasa daji, zai zama dole ne a shayar da shi ta amfani da ruwa 20, sannan a cika farfajiyar ƙasa da ciyawa (peat).
Spiraea dasa a cikin kaka
A cikin kaka, damuna da damuna na fure kuma ana shuka su. A matsayinka na mai mulki, lokacin dasa shuki a cikin kaka, daji yana rarrabuwa. A lokaci guda, wajibi ne a dasa daji kafin ƙarshen faɗuwar ganye. Shafuna waɗanda ke da shekaru 3-4 suna da girma don rarrabuwa da dasawa. Tabbas, ana iya yin wannan hanyar tare da mafi yawan balagagge, amma ya kamata a la'akari da cewa zai zama da wahala a yi, tunda irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da ƙima mai nauyi da kuma tsarin tushen ci gaba (yin la’akari da tsibirin tarko).
Tona daji, yayin da kuna buƙatar ɗaukar moreasa kaɗan fiye da crown na tsinkayar kambi a kewayen. Idan ka datse tushen 'yan, to daji ba zai sha wahala daga wannan. Bayan wannan, tushen tushen yana wanke sosai a cikin ruwa mai gudana. A wannan yanayin, idan daji yana saurayi kuma tushen tsarin karami ne, to za a iya sanya shi a cikin akwati (guga) kuma a cika shi da ruwa. Bayan wani lokaci, kuna buƙatar kurkura Tushen a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudana kuma dole ne a daidaita su. Yin amfani da wata hanyar sirri, raba daji zuwa kashi 2-3. Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa kowane ɓangaren rabuwa ya kamata ya sami kyakkyawan lobe da 2 ko 3 mai ƙarfi mai tushe. Kamar igiyar-kamar itace tana buƙatar datsa.
Zuba cakuda ƙasa a cikin ramin da aka shirya tare da ƙwanƙwasa. Sannan suka sanya rabe a ciki suka daidaita tushen sa. Dole ne a rufe ramin da ƙasa kuma ba a cika matse shi ba. Zuba shuka da aka shuka a matakai da yawa.
Spirea Kula
Yadda ake kulawa da spirea
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, spirea tsire-tsire ne mai ƙyamar hoto, amma kuma akwai wasu nau'in halittun da suke jin daɗin girma a wurin da aka girgiza su. Itace kuma tana buƙatar ƙasa mai narkewa, mai kyau magudanar ruwa, da kuma ƙaramin ciyawa a farfajiyar ƙasa, kauri wanda yakamata yakai santimita 7.
Tunda tushen tsarin spirea bashi da zurfi sosai, ana buƙatar shayar dashi sau da yawa kuma a ɗan lokaci. Don haka, a lokutan bushewa, burodin ruwa guda 1.5 ya kamata a zuba a kan kowane daji sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2. Hakanan kuna buƙatar sassauta kayan yau da kullun kuma cire fitar da ciyawa. Farkon lokacin da kuke buƙatar ciyar da shuka bayan pruning, don wannan ana amfani da takin ma'adinan ma'ana. A tsakiyar watan Yuli, an ba da shawarar yin takin na daji tare da bayani na mullein, wanda dole ne a ƙara superphosphate (gram 10 na kayan da guga na mafita).
Mafi sau da yawa, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo da aphids zauna a kan wannan shuka. Kuna iya kawar da aphids ta hanyar pyrimor, kuma daga m gizo-gizo - karbofosomes. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, spirea suna da tsayayyen tsayayya ga cututtuka, kuma kwari suna kan su sosai da wuya kuma kar ka haifar musu da lahani.
Mai jan spirea
Bushes na iya girma cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, a wannan batun, dole ne a aiwatar da pruning da tsari. A cikin tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, inflorescences suna tare da tsawon tsawon rassan, sabili da haka, sau ɗaya a shekara suna buƙatar kawai yanke ƙarshen rassan da ke daskarewa a lokacin hunturu sanyi. Koyaya, bayan shekaru 7-14, duk tsoffin mai tushe ana yanke su daga bushes, ko kuma, an yanke spirea kusan zuwa kututture. Bayan matasa harbe suka bayyana, ya zama dole a zabi daga cikinsu 5-6 mafi karfi mai tushe don samuwar daji. A wannan yanayin, sauran mai tushe zasu buƙaci a yanke shi gaba ɗaya. Bayan shekaru 1-2, za a yanke duk mai rauni ko tsufa a daji. Hannun rassan an datsa shi na musamman a bazara har sai furanni sun buɗe sosai.Ana iya cire tsohuwar mai tushe har ma a lokacin bazara, aƙalla a lokacin rani.
Dole ne a dasa nau'in furanni-fure da iri iri a kowace shekara a farkon lokacin bazara. Pruning na kara ne da za'ayi wa na farko da koda, yayin da ya raunana da kananan harbe dole ne a yanke gaba daya. Wajibi ne a yanka tsohuwar mai tushe a cikin lokacin da suka dace, kamar yadda suke fara bushewa da kansu. Bayan spirea ya rayu har zuwa shekaru hudu, ana bada shawara a yanka shi a shekara zuwa tsawo na kimanin santimita 30 daga ƙasa. Idan, bayan irin wannan hanya, harbe sun fi rauni, ya fi kyau maye gurbin daji. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, nau'in fure-rani yana rayuwa kusan shekaru 15-20.
Sake bugun Spiraea
Kuna iya yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, rarraba daji, sakawa da yanka. Yaduwar iri don nau'in matasan bai dace ba, tunda irin wannan tsire-tsire ba zasu iya riƙe halaye masu ɗorewa ba. Hanya mafi kyawu ita ce yankan itace, saboda kusan kashi 70 na dukkan cutukan da sauri suna ɗauka sosai koda ba tare da amfani da magunguna ba. Ya kamata a yanke nau'in fure-fure a farkon makonnin Yuni, kuma lokacin rani-fure daga tsakiyar watan Yuni ko Yuli. Tushen lignified cuttings ya kamata a yi a watan Satumba ko Oktoba.
Wajibi ne a datse karar kai tsaye na shekara-shekara kuma a raba shi guda. Dole ne a tuna cewa a kowane hannu ya kamata faranti na ganye 5 ko 6. Ganyen da ke ƙasa dole ne a yanke shi da petioles, kuma waɗanda suke a saman ya kamata a rage ta ½. Bayan wannan, yakamata a saka itacen a cikin maganin epin (na lita 3 na ruwa 1.5 ml na kayan) har tsawon awanni 12. Sannan, kumburin dake gindin kasan dole ne a tsoma shi cikin tushe, sannan a dasa shi a cikin kwandon cike da yashi, yakamata a sami kusurwa na 30 zuwa 45. Tare da rufe ko gilashi. Sanya su a cikin wurin da aka lullube shi kuma a daskarar da su 2 ko sau 3 a rana daga bindiga mai feshin. Bayan daskarewa ta fara farawa, ana buƙatar a haƙa kayan a kan gado kuma a rufe da busassun ganye a saman. A saman su kuna buƙatar sanya akwatin, bayan sun kunna shi, don haka ya kamata su tsaya har sai lokacin bazara. Bayan suna da harbe-harben matasa a shekara mai zuwa, sun sauka akan wuri na dindindin.
Domin yin yaduwa ta hanyar yin farashi, kuna buƙatar yin tsagi a cikin ƙasa kuma ku sanya kara a ciki, wanda aka gyara kuma an cika shi da ƙasa. Don samun harbe matasa dayawa a lokaci daya, kuna buƙatar tsunkule ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren Layer. A wannan yanayin, tsari zai iya ba da duk ƙananan ƙwayoyin baya. A cikin kaka, ya kamata a samo layering kuma a raba shi sakamakon harbe. Suna buƙatar a dasa su a cikin dindindin.
Spiraea bayan fure
Don shirya irin wannan shuki na hunturu mai sauqi ne. Kusan dukkan nau'ikan spirea suna da kyawawan yanayin hunturu. Idan kun damu cewa hunturu za ta yi sanyi sosai kuma ba dusar ƙanƙara ba, to sai ku rufe tsarin tushen tare da bushewar ganye, yayin da kauri ya kamata ya zama santimita 10-15.
