Ticks shine ƙaramin ƙaramin fitila na arthropods - ƙananan ƙananan kwari a cikin aji na arachnid. An rarraba Ticks zuwa pathogenic da herbivorous. Ga yawancin lambu da lambu, masoya fure, ticks sune duniya da ba'a santa ba. Waɗannan ba kwari bane kuma bai kamata a rikita su ba, musamman lokacin amfani da samfuran kariya na shuka. Ticks suna ɗayan tsoffin kwayoyin halittu masu rai a duniya. Burbushin kayan tarihin tsohuwar ya kai girma mai girma, kuma sun sami nasarar rayuwa har zuwa yau kawai saboda sun fara rage nauyin jikin, wanda ke nufin cewa buƙatar abinci kuma ta haka ne suka sami karbuwa sosai ga yanayin. A yau, akwai nau'ikan tsummoki sama da dubu 50. Halin da ake nuna tsintsiya ya ninka biyu. A gefe guda, tsintsayen sune kwari masu haɗari da masu ɗaukar cututtuka, a gefe guda, rayayyun halittu waɗanda ke kawo fa'idodi masu yawa.
Spider mite shuka. © alatuNa nau'ikan jinsunan da aka bayyana, kadan daga cikinsu za'a iya danganta su ga asalin parasites na gaskiya. Waɗannan tan tsintsiyaye ne waɗanda ke yadawa da haifar da cuta a cikin mutane da dabbobi. Wasu nau'ukan tsintsayen gargajiyoyin itada ne na ganye da suka dace da rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki akan wasu gungun gandun daji da wuraren shakatawa da tsire-tsire. Wasu suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na' ya'yan itace da ciyawa da tsire-tsire kuma an haɗa su cikin rukuni na kwari. Suna haifar da babbar illa ba kawai ga harkar noma ba, har ma ga masana'antar abinci, suna haifar da lalacewar gari, hatsi, da cututtukan dabbobi.
Ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin nau'ikan kaska sune saprophages ko mafarauta. Suna ciyar da kwayoyin halitta na kasar gona, wanda ke ba da gudummawa zuwa ga lalata cikin humus. Kamar yadda masu farauta, suna cin gajiyar kashe wasu kwari.
Fiye da tsananin tsananin
Shin wannan kwaro na microscopic da gaske yana da ban tsoro? Simpleididdigar masu sauƙin nuna cewa idan ƙwace 50 kawai suka tsira daga kowace mace a cikin zuriya (kuma tana da ikon bayar da ƙwai 200), to a ƙarni 15 na shekara yawan mutanen zai rufe duniya da ruwansu na mita 2. Saboda haka, ko da karamin adadin farkon ticks a gonar na iya bayar da kwatsam na fashewar cutar kwaro kuma ta kai ga mutuwar shukar albarkatu a cikin mafi guntu lokaci. Musamman masu kawo hadari ga tsire-tsire sune kwari toho. Yawan su a cikin koda daya daga 100 ne kuma sama da mutane. Sabili da haka, ticks suna ɗayan kwari masu hatsarin gaske na shuka.
Iri Ticks
A kan aiwatar da phylogenesis, wani rukuni na ticks ya zama polyphages, ɗayan kuma ya samo takamaiman kaddarorin - zaɓi zaɓi. Ko da gajeren jerin suna sa kuyi tunani game da haɗarinsu idan sun bayyana akan filin lambun. Idan baku yi zurfin shiga batun haraji ba (lambu mai son ba ya buƙatar sa da gaske, kuma idan ya cancanta koyaushe kuna iya samun kayan), to za a iya bambanta ƙungiyoyin ticks daban-daban. Ticks suna lalata conifers na bishiyoyi da tsirrai: Boxwood, Pine (Spruce, Pine, da dai sauransu), Cypress (Thuja, Juniper, da sauransu), Yew da sauransu da yawa.
Alamar jan launi. © Jurgen OttoIcksan tsattsauran ra'ayi suna rayuwa har abada akan nau'ikan bishiyoyin:
- gandun daji da filin shakatawa (alder, Willow, lemun tsami, itacen oak, da sauransu),
- kayan amfanin gona (apple, pear, Quince, plum, goro, ash ash, hawthorn, innabi, ƙaya, currant, strawberry, da sauransu).
Ticks bisa ga dabi'un halittarsu bisa ga tsarin tsirrai da aka hada su da iyalai da yawa, wanda daga shi ne a keɓance tsintsayen gonar an raba su, suna rayuwa a cikin 'ya'yan itace da amfanin gona.
An raba filayen lambun zuwa:
- gizo-gizo gizo gizo
- maƙogwaro
- launin ruwan kasa.
Bayanin ticks na
Ticks suna cikin rukunin ƙananan arachnids. Tsawon jiki a cikin maza ya bambanta daga 0.03 mm zuwa 1.0 cm, a cikin mata - daga 0.05 mm zuwa cm cm 7. Jikin yana zagaye, an rufe shi da setae ko wani lokacin warts microscopic, ya kasu kashi 2 - cephalothorax da ciki. A kai akwai nau'i biyu na idanu masu sauƙi. Ta hanyar amfani da d -ka-bakin tsoka a baki, kashin ya soki nama da tsotse ruwan tsiro. Nau'i-nau'i, kayan aikin kafa, suna taimakawa rawar dabbobi. Kafa biyar. Saboda haka sunan - arthropods. Launin Jiki yana ja, launin ruwan kasa, launin toka-kore, launin shuɗi-kore ko kore kuma ya dogara da launi na babban mai masaukin.
Damagearin alamun lalacewar shuka da ƙwayoyin ganyayyaki
Signsayan alamun yau da kullun na lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayar gonar suna tsire-tsire, suna bushe ganye ba tare da lalacewa ba. Tare da yin cikakken nazarin ganyen ganye na tsirrai a farfajiya na ganye, zaku iya ganin ƙananan rawaya ko fararen digiri a ƙarƙashin gilashin ƙara girman wurare - wuraren da kashin ya buga. Rarraba maki hade cikin aibobi sauƙi bayyane ga tsirara ido da wuri-wuri, da harbe tare da ganye har yanzu a nannade cikin wani bakin ciki, kawai m cobweb, wani lokacin farin ciki kamar yadda ji. Tare da babban tara kwari a kan underside na ganye, zaka iya lura da ƙananann bushe bushe launin toka (kamar dandruff). Waɗannan su ne ragowar larvae bayan molting. Yanar gizo tana zama kariya ne sakamakon cutarwar abokan gaba da kwayoyi. Kowane nau'in yana da alamun bayyanannun alamun lalacewa, wanda ba ku damar yanke hukunci nan da wane nau'in ticks ya yanke akan tsire-tsire.
Alamun lalacewar shuka tare da zazzage gizo-gizo
Shahararrun shahararrun ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo (Tetranychidae). Akwai nau'ikan halittar gizo-gizo sama da 1200 da ake samu a ko'ina, gami da Antarctic. Smallanan ƙananan kwari. Maza 0.3-0.6 mm, mace har zuwa 1.0 mm. Rawaya mai launin shuɗi-kore yana ba da damar ticks su jagoranci rayuwar sirri. Gilashin gizo-gizo da suka lalace ruwan leafanƙan ganye suna zama ruwan-kasa-ƙasa, curl da faɗuwa. A cikin bazara, macen ta ɗora ƙwai zuwa 10-12 a rana. A cikin shekara guda a yankuna tare da dogon lokacin dumi, har zuwa ƙarni 25 na gizo-gizo ƙone fata. Abubuwan haɗin gizo-gizo suna haɗe ƙwai akan ciyawar ciyawar. Mwararrun ƙwayoyi gizo-gizo suna da ikon lalata kusan kashi 80 na amfanin gona (misali, innabin Zuden, ko Felt mite). A cewar masana, kwaro ne mai kamuwa da cututtuka da launin toka rot, hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri cututtuka na aikin gona da ornamental amfanin gona.
Buds wani shuka ya shafi kashin koda. OtokkatietoAlamomin ciwon gubar mite
Anatomically, mall mites (Eriophyidae) ya bambanta da launin ruwan kasa da kwandon inzare idan babu kafafu. Wannan nau'in yana da nau'ikan nau'i biyu biyu biyu gaban, mayan kuma suna da inganci. Fiye da amfanin gona lambu - ceri plum, pear, plum. Ganyayyaki masu lalacewa suna haifar da fashewar ganyayyaki, wanda a cikin mite "tare da dukkan kayan masarufi" ke. Fatar kanta an rufe da pimples da curled. A cikin manyan kantunan, kaska yana rayuwa kuma yana ƙaruwa a duk lokacin zafi. Idan a cikin busasshiyar ganye wanda ba a taɓa gani a ganyen "gidaje" ana iya gani ba - to tsire-tsire suna shafar mall. Idan an sami irin waɗannan rassan akan bishiyoyi da shishika, dole ne a yanke su a hankali kuma a ƙone su. Hakanan ana nuna kasancewar alamar ɓacin rai ta hanyar "mayya tsintsiya", waxanda suke daure na daskararre harbe tare da bunƙasa.
Alamar alamar launin ruwan kasa
Gasar da aka fi so da alamar launin ruwan kasa ita ce amfanin gona; an fi son bishiyun apple. Ana bambanta kashin ta launin ruwan hoda-launin ruwan kasa. Mace sa ƙwai a cikin buds kuma a ƙarshen flowering, matasa mata sa sabon qwai na zamaninsu. A karshen lokacin bazara, ganyen yana hade da dubban kwayoyi kusan marasa ganuwa da ke lalatar da itacen, suna bushe shi. Shuka ya raunana kuma ya mutu.
A sake zagayowar ci gaba da haifuwa na ticks
Mace da mata da ke rtaure da ƙwai sun yi hibernate a ƙarƙashin ɓarnar, a cikin fasa, da kuma cikin ganyayyaki da suka faɗi. A cikin bazara, mata suna tashi daga ɓarke yayin da zazzage iska zazzabi sama da + 12 ° С kuma su wuce zuwa ganyayyaki da budsan tsire-tsire, inda suke ciyar da ciyawa da kuma sanya sabon ƙwai.
Daga ƙwairen kaka, sabuwar hanyar haɓaka tana farawa, wanda daga kwai zuwa manya, gwargwadon yanayin zafi na yanayi, na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 6-7 zuwa 20. A cikin shekara guda, mites na cikin gida sun haɗu har zuwa ƙarni 25. A cikin shirye shiryen gonar yayin lokacin dumi (musamman a yankunan kudanci) sun kirkiro daga ƙarni 6 zuwa 10. Matar na rayuwa har zuwa wata daya kuma a wannan lokacin zai iya sa har zuwa qwai 200.
Alamar lalacewar ganye ta hanyar mall. Ent Maganin GariGenerationaya daga cikin ƙarni na rayuwa ta matakai na ci gaba mai zuwa:
- qwai zama mai yiwuwa har zuwa shekaru 5,
- tsinkewa daga kwai a rana ta uku, tsawon rayuwarsa kwana 1 kenan.
- tsotse ci gaban kwana 4 da girma zuwa cikin manya mutane da suka bambanta a dimorphism jima'i.
Wato, a ƙarƙashin ingantaccen yanayi a kowane yanki, ƙarni ɗaya yana ɗaukar kwanaki 8-9 a cikin lokaci. Mata sun fi maza girma. Kowane mataki na ci gaban kaska yana tare da molting. Kamar yadda kake gani, daidaitaccen kaska yana da girma sosai, kuma karamin lokaci lokacin ci gaba yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin saurin haihuwa. Dakatar da kiwo yakan faru ne kawai a yanayin hunturu mai sanyi kuma ya sake farawa tare da farkon bazara kuma yana ci gaba ba tare da tsangwama ba har sai lokacin sanyi na gaba.
Yanki Kudin Rarrabawa
A cikin Rasha, mafi yawan kayan gizo-gizo gizo-gizo mite. Yankin rarrabawa ya shafi yankuna marasa amfani da baƙi-baƙi na ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, Transcaucasia, da kuma yankuna na kudanci. Alamar 'ya'yan itace masu launin ruwan kasa sun kara gaba zuwa yankuna na arewacin, amma a cikin yanayin iyakataccen lokacin dumi yana sarrafawa don samar da tsararraki 1-2 kawai. A matsayin jinsin, a kudu, kwari na launin ruwan kasa sun fi cutarwa kuma a lokacin lokacin dumi za su iya kafa 4-5 tsararraki. Motsin Gallic ba su da yawa kuma galibi suna kiwo ne a wasu lambun, daji da amfanin gona.
Hanyar Kula da Sayarwa
Hanyoyin sarrafa tikiti sun hada da:
- m,
- agrotechnical
- sinadarai
- ilmin halitta
- jama'a.
Tumatir mutuwa daga gizo-gizo gizo-gizoMatakan kariya na kariya
Matakan rigakafin zasu taimaka ba kawai kare amfanin gona daga ticks ba, har ma da sauran karin kwari a kan bishiyoyi ko ƙarƙashin su.
Tsayawa shafin tsabta. Ba lallai ba ne don lalata ciyayi a koyaushe kuma barin ƙasa ba tare da kariyar inuwa ba a ƙarƙashin zafin rana mai zafi. Su za a iya yanka zuwa babban (har zuwa 10 cm) ciyawa a gaban seeding. Danshi zai kasance, Tushen ciyayi zai taimaka wajen kwance ƙasa. Kuma a cikin kaka, lokacin tono, zasu sake mamaye kasar gona da kwayoyin halitta.
A cikin kaka, kasar gona a ƙarƙashin itacen rawanin ya kamata a tsabtace da bushe ganye da kuma rassan, trimmed harbe da sauran tarkace.
A lokacin da kaka da bazara, pruning, sanding na boles da kwarangwal rassan daga mara lafiya, mutuwa, exfoliating haushi, shi wajibi ne don halakar da duk sharar gida.
Tabbatar tabbatar da buɗe rassan bishiyar tare da ingantaccen ruwan lemun tsami tare da ƙari na sulfate jan ƙarfe da sauran kayan abinci.
Tabbatar cewa a ɗaura belts na farauta kuma a canza su kowane wata a lokacin bazara. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a sanya belili na kamun kifi yayin girbi kuma a maye gurbinsu da sababbi bayan faduwar ganye. Tsohon rushewa.
Agrotechnical
bi ka'idodin aikin gona na kulawa da amfanin gona: shayarwa, kayan miya, matakan kariya, da sauransu;
Shuka nau'ikan da aka dasa kawai kawai don tsayayya da kwari.
Al'adun da ke karɓar abinci mai mahimmanci na ma'adinin ma'adinai a cikin lokaci mai dacewa suna ƙara yawan juriya.
Ticks basa jure yanayin rigar. Sabili da haka, a cikin yanayin bushe mai zafi (lokacin bushewa), ya wajaba don yayyafa filin gonar da yankin da kewayenta. Irin wannan fasaha mai sauƙi (musamman ma a cikin bazara yayin haɓakar ƙarni na farko) zai sauƙaƙa parasites, kuma tsire-tsire masu 'yanci za su murmure cikin sauri.
Macro harbe na gizo-gizo mite.
Chemical kashin sarrafa matakan
Idan lambun da kewayen da ke ambaliya tare da kwari, ba za ku iya yi ba tare da sunadarai ba. Amma dole ne ku tuna cewa suna cutar lafiyar mutane, dabbobi da kwari kuma suna ɗaukar duk matakan kare lafiyarsu da muhalli. Dilution na miyagun ƙwayoyi, spraying tsire-tsire, lokacin da aka ba da shawarar don amfani da abubuwa mai guba dole ne a kiyaye shi daidai da shawarwarin.
Ganyayyaki ba kwari ba ne, sun zama rukuni na arthropods kuma kwari ba su dace don sarrafa su ba. An haɓaka rukuni na masu guba don magance kwari. acaricides da ƙwayoyin cuta. Dukkaninsu suna cikin ajin masu haɗari ga mutane da dabbobi. Sakamakon kwaro shine hulɗar hanji. Yawan tsire-tsire masu magani ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki na yanayi. Sama sama da zazzabi, gajarta tazara tsakanin jiyya. A matsakaicin zafin jiki na + 18 ... + 22 ° C, ana yin jiyya 3-4 kowane mako 1-2. Idan zazzabi ta tashi sama da + 25 ... + 30 ° C, za a rage tazara zuwa kwana 3 zuwa 4, ta yadda mace mai ƙonewa ba ta da lokacin girma da kuma sa sabon ƙwai.
Daga cikin shirye-shiryen da aka ba da shawarar a cikin bazara, tare da fitowar taro daga wuraren hunturu, ana iya sarrafa amfanin gona na gona:
- 10% zazzabin cizon sauro (75 g / 10 l na ruwa),
- 10% kayanka (50-100 g / 10 l na ruwa).
Da kyau sau biyu spraying decis-ke ko mitacom-ke, bi da bi, na lita 10 na ruwa amfani da 2-5 da 20-30 ml na miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Za a iya amfani da shi don jiyya na shuka. keltan, telly, difocol bisa ga shawarwarin.
A lokacin bazara, gaurayawan tanki suna da tasiri. Don maganin kwari da aphids, itacen omu, da wasu ƙwaƙwalwa, zaku iya ƙarawa Chloroethanol, isofen ko colloidal sulfur, bi da bi, 20, 60, 100 g da guga na ruwa. Ya kamata a bincika abubuwan da ake amfani da su na farko don dacewa.
A halin yanzu, waɗanda suka fi yawa sune magunguna actellic, neoron, abamectin, agravertin Kula da sabon aji na kwayoyi don tasirin kwaro. Shirye-shirye Oberon, invidor, Judo. Suna aiki a matsayin masu hana abinci mai gina jiki abinci mai narkewa, har zuwa wani lokaci na iya maye gurbin magungunan acaricidal na tsari (tasiri har yanzu ba akan siyarwa ba).
Daga cikin sinadaran don magance berry, zamu iya bayar da shawarar arbofos da colloidal sulfur. A kan strawberries, maganin saurin ɓarnar colloidal yana da tasiri a kan alamar strawberry.
Ba za a iya aiwatar da jiyya na yau da kullun ba bayan kwanaki 35 kafin girbi. Kula da mita na kwanciya. Mafi yawan lokuta ana faruwa a watan Yuni, mafi ƙanƙanin lokaci a cikin Maris da Oktoba. Dangane da haka, yawan aiwatar da matakan kariya ya kamata kuma ya canza.
Matakan sarrafa kwayoyin halitta
Don dabarun lambun masu zaman kansu sune hanyoyin dabarun kariya da suka fi dacewa da kariya. Ana haɓaka samfuran halitta akan tushen fungi masu amfani ƙasa, ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda basa cutarwa ga mutane, dabbobi, kifi da kwari masu amfani. Yin amfani da samfuran halitta, zaku iya amfani da berries da 'ya'yan itace don abinci a cikin kwanaki 2-3.
Koyaya, lokacin amfani da su yana da mahimmanci la'akari da cewa spraying na 1st - 2 bai isa ba. Ana buƙatar tsarin tsirrai na dogon lokaci (aƙalla 5-6 jiyya). Magungunan suna rage tasiri a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa + 18 ° C kuma a cikin yanayin rigar. Sakamakon jiyya an bayyana shi a cikin kwanaki 2-4.
Abubuwan da aka kera su na halitta suna da inganci a kan tsintsayen gargaji actophyte (acarin) bicol, bitoxibacillin, fitoverm, mazaunin rani. Tare da hanya, waɗannan samfuran halitta sun lalata kusan 5-10 nau'ikan tsotse da cizon kwari. Af, waɗannan magungunan ana iya amfani dasu don kare tsirrai na cikin gida da na kore.Mayar da hankali da mafita na aiki don tsirrai da sarrafa tsirarwa ana nuna su a cikin takaddun da ke haɗe da samfurin halitta. Increasearawar mai zaman kanta a cikin tattarawar hanyoyin ba zai samar da ingantaccen tasiri ba, amma zai buƙaci ƙarin farashin kuɗi.
Gizo-gizo gizo-gizo a kan tsire-tsire wanda aka taɓa lalacewa. Michael Z.Magungunan magungunan gargajiya game da ticks
Yin amfani da magunguna na mutane shine shiri na mafita, infusions daga tsire-tsire tare da kaddarorin acaricides da sarrafa tsire-tsire. Lokacin shirya hanyoyin magance aiki daga irin tsire-tsire, dole ne a kula da matakan aminci da aminci. Acaricides / maganin kwari ana iya danganta shi da sinadarai waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar mutum da dabba. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a yi amfani da tsire-tsire marasa guba (ban da jerin ƙwayoyin cuta, hogweed, aconite, ...). Ya kamata a fesa su a cikin lokutan yamma kawai, lokacin da kwari masu amfani ba sa aiki a cikin lambuna (ƙudan zuma, bumblebees, kwari masu amfani). Magani daga ganye da sauran tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna cikin rukuni na hanyoyin hana yin rigakafi. Tare da girma na kwaro, ya zama dole don canzawa zuwa mafi kwayoyi masu tasiri, zai fi dacewa daga ƙungiyar halittu.
Daga amintacce ga dan adam spraying tsire-tsire za a iya bada shawarar:
- Yin ado kwasfa albasa.
- Jiko allura ko tafarnuwa. Yi amfani da jiko yadda ya kamata tafarnuwa tafarnuwa.
- Jiko na sa'o'i biyu na 200-400 g Dandelion ganye da asalinsu a cikin lita 10 na ruwa mai zafi yana da tasiri akan ganyayen ganyayyaki da ganyayyaki.
- A 10 l na ruwan zãfi ƙara game da 1 kg na bushe sama bisa taro yarrow, nace a cikin akwati da aka rufe na kwanaki 1.5-2.0 kuma yayyafa tsire tare da mafita mai warwarewa. Maganin kuma yana aiki da aphids da thrips.
- Alder ya fita amfani da shi don kare tushen tushen seedlings daga tushen mites. Ana amfani da gilashin busassun ganye na kowace lita na ruwan zãfi. Rana nace. Mai zafi zuwa + 40 ... + -50 ° C kuma na mintina 5 runtse tushen daga cikin seedlings a cikin bayani.
- A cikin bazara, bushes da ƙananan bishiyoyi (seedlings) ana bi da su tare da bayani sabulu mai wanki.
- Amfani mai amfani ash jiko. Gilashin ash an zuba cikin lita 5 na ruwa. Nace kwanaki 2-3. Tace, ƙara 30-50 g na wanki ko sabulu kore. Fesa da tsire-tsire.
- Maganin 2 - 3 ml yana da sakamako iri ɗaya kerosene a cikin 10 l na ruwa tare da ƙari na 30-40 g na sabulu.
- Gooseberries da currants za a iya kare daga kaska mamayewa ta ajiye gwangwani na ruwa da sabo rassan tsakanin bushes. oldberries baki da ja.
- Fiye da tsire-tsire masu rarrafe sun haɗa da nau'in zazzabi (Dalmatian, Caucasian, daisar Persian), marigolds, calendula.
