Sunan asali na waɗannan tsire-tsire - erythroniums - ya fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci eretrius - ja, tunda yawancinsu suna da sassan jikin fure. Wannan sunan ya fara bayyana a cikin ayyukan Dioscorides. Furen erythronium, wanda kuma ake kira coine hakori ko kandyk, ya sami sunan ne saboda kwararan fitila irin na haƙora.
Bayani na fure-fure na Otrythronium da nau'ikan su
Baya ga kwararan fitila mai kama da haƙoran, tsire-tsire yana da furanni masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke kama da furanni cyclamen, kodayake waɗannan furannin suna cikin iyalai dabam. A wasu nau'in erythronium, ban da furanni, ganyen ganye suna da kyau sosai, tare da ɗigon shunayya.
Furen furannin Erythronium suna da guda ɗaya, ƙasa da yawa sun kasance daga guda biyu zuwa takwas, tare da fari, ruwan hoda, launin shuɗi ko shunayya mai launi, wanda ya kai santimita goma a diamita. Lokacin da yanayin ba shi da kyau ko kuma an rufe ƙasa da faɗuwar rana, furanni suna rufe - wannan yana kare pollen daga yawan danshi. Furen Erythronium - ephemeroid na bazara: bayan ciyayi, a watan Yuni-Yuli, ɓangaren m na shuka ya zama rawaya kuma ya mutu.
A cikin Ukraine, a Transcarpathia da Carpathian, yankin Lviv, kawai nau'in erythroniums - erythronium na Turai, ko haƙori na kare - ya haye. Ya girma a cikin foothills tsakanin bishiyoyi, a cikin gandun daji mai tsini-tsalle, a matsayin mai mulkin, a kan m yumbu ƙasa.
Wannan tsiron ya kai sha biyar zuwa ashirin da biyar santimita na tsayi, launinsa mai ruwan hoda ko shuɗi mai launin fari tare da fararen haske ko ja a kusa da ginin ya bayyana a watan Maris-Afrilu kuma ya yi al'ajabi da kyawunta da asali. Kuma abin da kyawawan ganyen wannan shuka. Haɓaka - lanceolate, tare da ɗigon launuka masu launin shuɗi da launin toka mai kyau saboda kyawun sa, wannan tsire yanzu yana fuskantar barazanar lalacewa.
Ba lallai ba ne don tono ƙananan corms na ƙarshe don yanayin don daidaita kyawawan erythroniums a cikin shirye-shiryen su na sirri. Da kyau da unpretentiousness na wadannan furanni ya daɗe ana yaba mutane, tun daga zamanin da, mafi yawan jinsuna, kuma akwai kawai ashirin da hudu, ana girma a cikin gidajen Aljannar.
Don haka, haƙon mu na asalin canine na al'ada tare da shekara dubu ɗaya da ɗari biyar da saba'in. Biyu daga cikin nau'ikansa an gano su daga baya: dusar ƙanƙara-fari da fari-leaved. Bugu da kari, fure erythronium yana da ire-irensu: Charmer - tare da fararen furanni ko ruwan hoda, Rose Beauty - tare da ruwan hoda mai duhu, Splendor White - tare da fararen furanni.
Daga sauran nau'in, ni kaina, Cossack erythronium, eberthronium na Siberian da Tuolumni erythronium suna da kayan ado mafi girma.
Erythronium ko Kandykovsky kandyka suna da furanni masu launin fari ko fari-mai rawaya tare da tsakiyar rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya bayyana a ƙarshen Afrilu kuma yana wuce goma sha biyar zuwa ashirin. A cikin hunturu, ya kamata a rufe wannan nau'in. Erythronium Siberian gaba daya hunturu-Hardy kuma fure daga shekaru goma na biyu na Afrilu don goma zuwa goma sha biyar a cikin launin shuɗi-ruwan hoda.
Erythronium ko Kundik Tuolumnitsky ya kai santimita talatin zuwa arba'in kuma tsayin daka ne kuma shine ya fi dacewa da ɗan adam. Kodayake wannan tsire-tsire yana fitowa daga California, yana hana hibernates ba tare da tsari ba. Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan Pogoda tare da ganye mai duhu mai duhu da furanni masu launin shuɗi-orange.
An samo gumakan erythroniums ta hanyar tsallake nau'ikan halittu masu yawa, waɗanda suka bambanta da tsayin tsirrai, girma da launi na furanni da ganye, sharuɗan fure da sauran bambance-bambance.
Shuka da kulawa da erythroniums a cikin shirye-shiryen sirri
A cikin al'ada, fure erythronium bashi da wahala a girma. Wadannan tsire-tsire masu haƙuri-girma suna girma da haɓaka mafi kyau a cikin inuwar bishiyoyi. Ana dasa shukokin zuwa zurfin goma zuwa goma sha biyar santimita kuma a irin waɗannan nesa daga juna a zartar amma ƙasa mai ɗaukar ruwa.
A cikin jinsunan Amurka, gami da erythronium Tuolumnian Pagoda, zurfin saukowa ya ɗan fi girma daga ƙarfe goma sha shida zuwa ashirin. Ya kamata a sani cewa corms na erythroniums ba su da murfin rufewa, saboda haka ba bu mai kyau a bar su a waje na dogon lokaci ba, kuma ya kamata a adana shi a cikin daskararren ciyawa ko gansakuka har sai lokacin shuka. Kafin dasa shuki, corms an fi soyayyensu cikin maganin zircon har tsawon awa takwas zuwa ashirin da hudu.
Nan da nan bayan an dasa, an shayar da albasa. A wuri guda, erythronium na iya girma kusan shekaru huɗu zuwa shida, bayan haka ya kamata a dasa shukar wata shuka.
Yaron fure na Erythronium ta zuriya da kwararan fitila 'yar
Erythroniums suna yaduwa ta hanyar 'yar mata corms da tsaba. Kwararan fitila sukan rabu da ƙarshen lokacin bazara, daga Yuli zuwa Agusta, lokacin da ganyayyaki da shuka suka zama rawaya, zai kasance cikin lokacin sanyi.
A lokacin da yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, seedlings Bloom kawai a shekara ta huɗu ko na biyar, har ma daga baya. Amma godiya ga pollination na ire-ire daban daban da nau'ikan erythriniums, ana iya samun sabbin fasaloli da yawa - a zahiri, sun riga sun zama sabon iri.
Kwalaye tare da tsaba cikakke a cikin Yuni, don haka bai kamata ku ɓata farkon buɗewar su ba. Bugu da kari, da tsuntsayen ci da murna da tsaba da kuma budewa da tururuwa, waɗanda suke son wani m appendage na tsaba.
Za'ayi daskarewa kai tsaye bayan an farfado da ƙwanƙwasa, mafi kyau duka a ranar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, a nesa na santimita biyar tsakanin tsaba kuma zuwa zurfin santimita uku kuma dole ne a shayar da shi. A cikin hunturu, ba za a iya rufe amfanin gona ba.
A cikin bazara, a ƙarshen Afrilu, harbe har zuwa santimita huɗu a tsayi yana bayyana. Idan tsirrai sun yi ƙasa kaɗan, wannan yana nuna cewa tsire-tsire ba su da abinci mai gina jiki ko danshi. A cikin shekarar farko, ana kafa corms tare da nunin kusan milimita hudu, a shekara mai zuwa sai su girma zuwa milimita bakwai, kuma a shekara ta uku zuwa millimita takwas sannan su sami sifar sirinji. Bai kamata a dasa kananan tsire-tsire a cikin wannan lokacin ba, saboda corms suna da rauni sosai. A cikin shekara ta huɗu zuwa na biyar, seedlings na iya yin fure.
A ganina, erythriniums sune mafi kyawun tsire-tsire daga dukkanin ephemeroids. Suna da kyau a gefen Inuwa na dutse, a bango daga bishiyoyi, bushes ko ciyawa kuma, ƙari, ba da kansu ga tilasta.
