Daskararren tsire-tsire na Gloriosa (Gloriosa) wakilin dangi ne na melanthia (Melanthiaceae). Ana samo shi cikin yanayi a cikin wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Afirka da Asiya. Sunan shuka ya fito daga kalmar Latin "gloria" - daukaka, saboda haka ana kiranta "fure mai daukaka."
Rarfin rudani na gloriosa ƙwayar cuta ce, ƙwayoyinta na datse, suna jingina da eriya. Ganyayyaki masu haske mai haske suna da sigar lanceolate mai kauri, a kan kara za'a iya kasancewa a gaban juna ko guda 3. Dogon shinge suna cikin axils na ganye na babba. A kansu akwai furanni biyu da furanni da yawa suka samar a cikin furannin fure.
Kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin fure akwai gefan 10 cm kowane, suna da launi mai haske mai haske tare da firam mai launin rawaya a gefuna. Bayan furen ya bushe, farjin shima ya rufe.
Ana kiranta Gloriosa da Lily na harshen wuta, Lily of shahara ko kuma hawa lily saboda gaskiyar cewa tana canza launi yayin fure daga rawaya zuwa ja mai arziki. A lokaci guda, fure mai kama yayi kama da wuta, wanda iska take hurawa. Dankin yana da dogon fure lokacin bazara da bazara, kuma matattun matattun suna maye gurbinsu da sauri sababbi. Steaya daga cikin tushe na iya samun fure 4 zuwa 7.
Kulawar Gloriosa a gida
Wuri da Haske
Gloriosa yana buƙatar haske mai kyau, amma a kudu taga tana buƙatar ƙirƙirar shading, musamman a lokacin rani. Mafi kyawun wurin mata zai kasance sashin taga na yamma ko yamma, kuma a lokacin rani an fi saka fure a baranda.
Zazzabi
Matsakaicin zafin jiki na gloriosa shine 20-25 digiri Celsius, yana cikin wannan kewayon yana jin daɗi daga bazara zuwa farkon kaka. Furtherari, shuka yana da wani lokacin da za a adana tarin sa a cikin duhu mai sanyi a zazzabi sama da digiri 12.
Da farko na bazara, lokacin da sabon harbe suka bayyana a cikin tarin fitsarin, shuka yana buƙatar ƙara yawan zafin jiki a hankali. Dole ne a ba da izinin canza canji na tsarin mulki: daga sanyi zuwa zafi nan da nan - wannan na iya lalata fure.
Jin zafi
Don tabbatar da isasshen matakin danshi a cikin gloriosa, zaku iya ƙara yumɓu mai yumɓu ko ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin tukunyar tukunya kuma ku cika rabi da ruwa. Dankin mai son ɗumi yana da amfani don fesa kullun da ruwa mai laushi a zazzabi a ɗakin. A wannan yanayin, saukad da kada su faɗi akan buds da suka buɗe.
Watse
Furanni na shayarwa kawai a cikin bazara da bazara. Ruwa don wannan yana buƙatar buƙatar dagewa sosai. Kafin yin ruwa, kasar gona dole ne ta bushe a saman, amma cikakken bushewa bai zama karɓuwa ba. Da farko na kaka, lokacin da ganye fara juya launin rawaya, ana rage ruwa, kuma a cikin hunturu, ba a shayar da dormancy kwata-kwata.
Ilasa
Gloriosa yana haɓaka da kyau a cikin ƙasa mai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki: humus da ƙasa mai laushi a cikin rabo na 2: 1 tare da ƙari na peat ko yashi ya dace da shi.
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Abubuwan da takin mai magani ya fi dacewa a tsakanin juna: ma'adinai na farko, sannan kwayoyin. Matsakaicin suturar saman tayi kusan sau 2 a wata.
Juyawa
Da zarar lokacin sanyi ya ƙare, tarin ƙwayoyin gloriosa zai buƙaci tura shi cikin sabon canzawa. An sanya shi a kwance a cikin ƙasa, yafa masa saman tare da Layer na 2-3 cm.
Mafi yawan ɓataccen sashi na tsire-tsire ana la'akari da tarin fuka, ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga duk lalacewa. Musamman a hankali kuna buƙatar saka idanu kan amincin ɗanɗano ɗaya na haɓaka a ƙarshen zagaye na tuber, ba tare da ita fure zai mutu. Ba kamar sauran masu shaye shaye ba, sabon gloriosa bazai iya girma daga wannan sashin na daban ba.
Yankin da aka fi dacewa da shuka shine kwano mai kauri, mara nauyi. Ba'a bada shawarar kwantena filastik. Kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa ma dole ne.
Dasawa ne da za'ayi a ƙarshen hunturu da farkon bazara. Afterasa bayan wannan dole ne a kwantar da ita a kai a kai, kuma yawan zafin jiki na abun cikin yana cikin kewayon digiri na 15-20. Da zaran ganye kore suka fara bayyana a farfajiya, sannu a hankali shuka ya saba da haske.
Siffofin girma gloriosa
Kamar kowane creepers, matasa gloriosa ana ba da shawarar nan da nan don a ɗaura su da tallafi, saboda ƙananan ganye na iya ba su da antennae, wanda ke nufin cewa tsire-tsire zai rasa ikon ninkawa. Wanka mai laushi ko reeds sun dace kamar abubuwan tallafi. Ana amfani da babban goyon baya na diamita azaman firam.
A watan Mayu da Yuni, shuka yana da lokacin girma mafi girma: harbi na iya isa 1-2 a tsawo. Don yin fure mai kama da kyau, ba zaka iya ɗaure kara kawai ba, har ma tanƙwara sosai a hankali.
Lokacin hutawa
Alamar farko da farawa ta farawa a gloriosa shine sanya ganye da bushewa da tushe. Yawancin lokaci yana farawa a watan Satumba, yanzu ba kwa buƙatar shayar da tarin fuka. Girman tushen amfanin gona ya dogara da tsarin ban ruwa: idan ya kasance yalwatacce, to, growan itacen ya girma da kyau, idan danshi bai isa ba, sun fi ƙanana, akasin haka.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don adana albarkatun gona:
- Don duk lokacin hunturu, bar shi a cikin tukunya guda, kada ku cire shi daga ƙasa, ajiye shi a cikin duhu mai duhu tare da yawan zafin jiki na ɗaki, nesa da tsarin dumama. A watan Fabrairu ko Maris, dasa a cikin sabon substrate. Tare da wannan hanyar ajiyar ajiya, ƙwayar ta zo rayuwa bayan kwanaki 14.
- Ana iya cire sassan ƙasa na fure daga tsohuwar ƙasa kuma a sanya shi cikin akwati tare da peat ko busassun yashi don duk kaka da hunturu. Za a buƙatar rufe murfin akwatin a cikin matsanancin a saka a cikin firiji, inda yakamata a adana shi a zazzabi na 8 zuwa 12.
A wannan yanayin, ƙwayar bayan dasawa a farkon bazara zai zo rayuwa kaɗan fiye da na farko ɗin. Amma wannan bai kamata ya zama sanadin damuwa ba.
Yaduwar Gloriosa
Tuber yaduwa
Zai fi kyau a yada gloriosa ta amfani da sassan tarin fuka. An rarrabe shi da wuka mai kaifi cikin sassa da yawa kuma an yayyafa shi da garin gawayi. Idan tsohuwar ƙwayar tushe ta haifi 'ya'ya, to, suna kasancewa cikin sauƙin raba daga mahaifiyar shuka kuma suna dasa cikin tukwane daban. An zaɓi tanki a gare su tare da diamita na 13 zuwa 16 cm, kuma ana iya haɗu da ƙasa daban-daban daga ɓangaren ƙasar turfy, sassan 2 na ganye da humus da rabin yashi. Iyakar abin da ake ci gaba a ci gaba da kewayen tushen amfanin gona ya kamata ya kasance a saman, kuma an rufe tarin ƙwayar da kanta tare da santimita mai santimita uku na substrate.
Dankin da aka shuka sabo zai iya ci gaba mafi kyau a zazzabi na 22 zuwa 24. Kuna iya fara sha ruwa bayan an ciji sabon harbe. Mai rauni mai tushe ya fi kyau don samar da tallafi kai tsaye a cikin nau'i na sanduna na bakin ciki. Yayin da tushen tushen gloriosa ke tsiro, shuka zai buƙaci tukunya mafi girma ko ma dasawa cikin ƙasa.
Tsarin iri
Hakanan za'a iya amfani da hanyar ƙwayar yaduwar gloriosa, kawai kuna buƙatar haƙuri. Don samun tsaba, ya kamata a fitar da furanni tare da gashin kai ta amfani da swab na auduga. Irin wannan pollination na kai zai kai ga haifar da kwai.
Ba shi da daraja adana iri na dogon lokaci, amma yana da kyau a rufe shi nan da nan cikin ƙasa, ya ƙunshi peat, ƙasa mai yashi da yashi a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1. Airƙiri mini-greenhouse ga kullun yanayi, ci gaba da zazzabi a ƙalla 22 kuma a kai a kai bar iska ta sauka. Sprouted seedlings, da zaran sun girma, na bakin ciki fitar da nutse cikin kwantena daban. Furannin fure na farko akan su ne kawai bayan shekara uku.
Matsaloli masu tasowa, cututtuka da kwari
- Na dogon lokaci, sababbin ganye da furanni ba su bayyana ba - babu haske mai yawa, lalacewar tarin fuka, ko hypothermia.
- Ganyayyaki ya zama mara nauyi da duhu, mai tushe ya daina shimfiɗa - kaifi canje-canje a zazzabi.
- Ganyayyaki sun juya launin rawaya kuma ƙarshensu sun bushe - babu ƙarancin danshi a cikin ƙasa da iska.
- Ganyayyaki sun juya launin rawaya a gindi, dunƙule kuma wilted mai tushe - waterlogging, lalata cikin sassan ƙasa.
- Bar tare da farin shafi - da yawa zafi yanayin da ƙasa, ko bushewa da wani ema coma.
Mafi yawanci cutar Gloriosa tana kamuwa da sikelin kwari da kuma aphids.
Kayan guba na gloriosa
Duk melantium mai guba. Gloriosa na iya zama cutarwa idan ɓangarorin sa suka shiga cikin narkewar abinci. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau sanya tsire a gida daga nesa da dabbobi da yara, kuma bayan tuntuɓar da shi, wanke hannuwanku sosai.
