Orchid maxillaria

Irin wannan babbar halitta kamar Maxillaria, na gidan orchid, Epiphytes ne ke wakilta. Wannan nau'in halittar ya haɗu da nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 300 waɗanda aka samo su a cikin yanayi a cikin mayuka da ƙananan kwari na Amurka. Haka kuma, wadannan tsire-tsire suna da bambance-bambancen ilimin halittar mutum. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa an ambaci irin wannan bambancin, a daidai lokacin da aka gabatar da wannan ƙirar don a raba shi zuwa wasu daban.

Kodayake kwayoyin halittar suna da faɗi sosai, a gida kawai arean nau'ikan suna girma waɗanda ke da furanni masu ƙanshi ko manyan furanni. Mafi mashahuri shine maxillaria maxillaria (Maxillaria tenuifolia). Ana samo shi ta dabi'a a cikin yankunan da ke fadadawa daga Nicaragua zuwa Mexico.

Wannan karamin komputa mai rikitarwa mai ƙwanƙwasa ƙwaƙwalwa ya ɗan lalace, ƙamus ɗin ƙirar gashi mai laushi wanda ya kai santimita 3.5-4 a tsayinsa da kuma santimita 2.5-3 a faɗin. Pseudobulbs suna kusa da juna a kan rhizome (creeping, kwance a ƙasa tushe). Suna girma “tsani”, wato kowane yaro pseudobulb zai fara ɗan girma sama da wanda ya gabata, saboda rhizome ba a matse shi saman ƙasa ba, kuma a kan lokaci yakan hauhawa. Pwararrun pseudobulbs ba su daidaita ba, yayin da tsofaffi suka zama "m". Takardun fata masu launin fata masu launin fata suna da ƙarfi a ƙarshen da kuma jijiya ta tsakiya, yayin da matasa kuma suke tare lilin. A tsayin daka sun kai santimita 35, kuma a faɗi - santimita 1 kawai.

A cikin yanayin daji, da shuka fure a watan Yuni-Yuli. Short (kimanin santimita 5) furanni na fure suka tsiro a gindin matasa, kuma suna ɗaukar fure ɗaya mai ƙanshi ɗaya. Furannin zygomorphic da aka zayyana sunada girma sosai, don haka a diamita sun kai kusan santimita 5. 3 sepals (sepals, wanda sau da yawa rikice tare da petals) na lanceolate siffar da dan kadan mai lankwasa baya gefen. A tsayin daka sun kai santimita 2.5, kuma faɗin santimita 1-2.2, kuma suna da kusancin juna a kusurwa daidai da digiri 120. 2 haƙiƙa ƙananan gas na gas ne (petals) suna da tsawon santimita 2-2.2, kuma faɗin santimita 0.8. A waje, suna kama da kunnuwa, kuma saboda duk ana samunsu ne kusan ƙyalli a saman ƙoƙon, kuma a lokaci guda nasihun su suna ɗan lanƙwasa. Babban lebe (fure 3) yayi kama da bayyanar wani harshe mai haɓaka. Sashin haihuwa na furen (shafi) ya kai santimita 1.5 a tsayi kuma yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙirar ƙirar kamar ƙyallen. Launi na fure mai launin ja ne, yayin da gwanayen kabubbuka da na fure, da kuma shafi ana fentin shuɗi. Lebe kuma yana da launi mai launin rawaya, yayin da a samansa akwai wasu shuɗaye masu launin shuɗi.

Wannan nau'in orchid, sabanin sauran wakilan babban gidan orchids, ba su da irin wannan rawar. Koyaya, yawancin masu girbin furanni suna girma dashi don ƙanshin fure na fure, mai kama da abarba.

Maxillaria orchid kulawa a gida

Maxillaria ya fi dacewa da haɓaka ta hanyar ƙwararrun orchids. Domin shuka ya girma a kullun kuma yayi fure, yana buƙatar samar da yanayi na musamman na tsarewa, wanda wani lokaci ba mai sauƙin yi bane a cikin yanayin ɗakin. Kwararru suna ba da shawara ta amfani da orchids, koren shinge na musamman ko terrariums don haɓakar ta.

Haske da zazzabi

Don samun nasarar haɓaka wannan nau'in orchid, ya zama dole don zaɓar tsarin zafin jiki da ya dace da haske a gare shi. Rage-tsalle maxillaria a cikin yanayin halitta ya fi son girma a cikin tsaunuka, dangane da wannan yana buƙatar haske mai yawa kuma ba zafin jiki mai yawa ba. Ana buƙatar irin wannan hasken mai haske da sanyin sanyi don fure duk shekara. A wannan batun, yana da shawarar da ya haskaka tare da phytolamps na musamman, yana da daraja tunawa cewa tsawon lokacin awoyi a duk tsawon shekara ya kasance daga sa'o'i 10 zuwa 12. Kuma ingantaccen matakin hasken da ake buƙata shine fure ba ƙasa da 6000-8000 lux.

Ya zama dole don kare wannan orchid daga haskoki na rana. Wannan ba saboda babban darajar hasken da suke ɗauke da shi ba, amma don ƙaruwa da yawan zafin jiki na iska. Gaskiyar ita ce irin wannan fure yana buƙatar yanayin zafi matsakaici, kuma yana mayar da martani sosai game da zafi. Don haka, yanayin zafi mafi kyau don haɓakawa ya kasance daga digiri 18 zuwa 22. Dangane da wannan, ba shi yiwuwa a sanya maxillaria a kan windows na hanyar kudu, saboda koda an girgiza shi, zazzabi iska zai kasance har abada.

Yana da kyau a tuna cewa irin wannan shuka na iya maye gurbin hasken rana gaba da hasken fatar mutum. A lokaci guda, dole ne a yi amfani da phytolamps na musamman don haske. Saboda wannan, orchids na iya bambance bangon da ya fi dacewa a cikin ɗakin, inda haskoki na rana ba zai iya isa gare shi ba, haka kuma iska mai dumin zafi ta kayan dumama. Wannan nau'in kwayar ta orchids ya bambanta da kusan duk wasu a cikin cewa ba ta buƙatar bambancin zafin jiki na wajibi a yayin ranar sanya shinge.

Yadda ake ruwa

Wannan asalin halittar orchids yana da wata bambanci daga wasu membobin gidan orchid. Gaskiyar ita ce a saman tushen sa babu matattara mai kariya (velamen), wacce aka tsara don hana saurin fitar danshi daga danshi. A wannan batun, bushewar abin da yake canzawa shine ya shiga cikin fure, tunda a sakamakon wannan, Tushen ya fara mutuwa. Amma ba shi da daraja a cika fure da yawa, saboda lokacin da ruwa ya zama turɓune a cikin abin da ke cikin, to, rot na iya bayyana akan tsarin sa. Watering wajibi ne domin substrate a cikin tukunya koyaushe dan kadan m (ba rigar).

Ya zama dole ruwa kawai mai laushi, acidity wanda shine 5-6 pH. A lokaci guda, masana suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da ruwa mai kariya, wanda dole ne a tace shi. Ana yin ruwa ne ta hanyar nutsar da tukunya ko kuma toshe a cikin kwano cike da ruwa. Kuna buƙatar cire orchid bayan minti 20-30 kuma jira har sai adadin ruwan ya wuce. Bayan wannan kawai za'a iya sanya shi a wurin da ya saba.

Haushi

Maxillaria na iya girma a cikin ɗaki tare da bushewar iska, amma ya fi kyau idan an kiyaye danshi a kashi 70. Don haɓaka yanayin zafi, ana bada shawara don amfani da damfara ta gida da injina masu tururi. Don haka, za a iya sanya tukunya a kan wata dutsen cike da pebbles tare da ƙari da ruwa mai ɗimbin yawa. Hakanan ana bada shawarar daskarar da fure daga sprayer, amma kawai aiwatar da irin wannan hanya zai fi dacewa da safe da maraice (ba da rana ba).

Cakuda ƙasa

Don shuka wannan orchids, ana iya amfani da toshiya, tukwane ko kwandunan rataye na musamman. Amma a lokaci guda, dasa ciyawar maxillaria a cikin tukunya ba da shawarar saboda ci gaban na musamman na “tsani”, saboda bayan watanni 12 kawai furen zai faɗi a gefenta ƙarƙashin nauyinta. Don kauce wa wannan, yana da shawarar cewa ka sayi kayan kwalliyar da aka yi da bututu da kuma mai ruɓaɓɓen launuka na kayan kwakwa daga shagon fure. An sanya su a cikin tanki dole a kwana. A sakamakon haka, rhizome zai yi girma a karkashin wannan tallafi, yana gyara tushen a cikin asalin kwakwa.

Don dasa irin wannan orchid, sphagnum cikakke ne, kuma ba a buƙatar wasu ƙari.

A matsayin toshe, ana amfani da babban yanki na haushi na pine, kuma dole ne ya kasance mai tsawo. An riga an lullube shi da tushen sphagnum da rhizome, kuna buƙatar tsayar da aminci a saman shingen.

Taki

Ana yin riguna da sutura a cikin girma lokacin 1 a cikin kwanaki 14-20. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin gargajiya na hadaddun ƙwayoyi don ƙwayar ciyawa, kuma ɗauki ¼-1/6 ɓangaren ɓangaren shawarar da aka bada shawara akan kunshin.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Zai yiwu a yada maxillaria wanda aka girma a cikin ɗakunan daki kawai ta rarraba rhizome zuwa sassa. Ya kamata a tuna cewa delenka dole ne ya kasance yana da aƙalla pseudobulbs manya 3.

Don haihuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin masana'antu, ana amfani da tsaba, kazalika da ingantaccen hanyar (cloning).

Siffofin Juyawa

Za'a iya yin sauyawa ne kawai idan akwai gaggawa. Misali, bayan shuka ya daina zuwa tukunya ko a toshe.

Cutar da kwari

Resistantin cutar da kwari. Koyaya, idan ba a mutunta dokokin kulawa ko an sanya fure a cikin yanayi mara kyau ba, zai mutu cikin sauri.

Abubuwan hawan ruwa

Idan yanayin haske da yanayin zazzabi daidai ne, to, fure na iya faruwa a kowane ɗayan watanni. Bayan fure, fure yakan bushe kawai bayan kwanaki 30-40, yayin da tsawon lokacin fure yake a matsakaici tsawon watanni 4.