Dasa blackberries a bazara da damina Kulawa da kuma cutturan Cututtukan Yin sabunta Ayyuka iri-iri na ruwan blackberries photo

Berriesan itacen oak itace babban madadin zuwa raspberries lambun. Blackberry 'ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu arziki a cikin sunadarai abun da ke ciki, da matukar amfani ga lafiyar ɗan adam, yin shi yiwuwa a sarrafa shirye-shiryen na dafuwa. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, wannan mahimmin tsire-tsire yana da ikon yin amfani da yalwar fruiting na kimanin shekaru 10. Yawan 'ya'yan itacen da yuwuwar su na da yawa, amma ba a girbe blackberries a cikin gidajen mu.

A baya can horar da iri daga babancin kudu: suna da ƙarancin sanyi, basu da tushe, ƙasa yakan mutu. A yanzu, nau'ikan da zasu iya sarrafa digo-digiri na -30 ° C. Abin baƙin ciki, a cikin yankuna na arewacin, namo blackberries yana da ƙarancin iyaka, tunda lokacin fruiting na ƙarshe ya faɗi a farkon frosts - ba duk 'ya'yan itaba suna da lokaci ba.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su iya cin nasara a kowane wata. Su za a iya sauƙi hawa: da berries ne na roba, ba murkushe, da dogon shiryayye rayuwa a low iska zazzabi.

Tushen da ganyayyaki na iya zama da amfani azaman mai kashe ƙwayar cuta.

Lokacin da za'a dasa blackberry

Fadowa

A cikin yanayin Yankin Yankin Moscow da Leningrad, yanki na tsakiya da kuma yankuna na kudanci, saukowa da kaka lokacin da ake fin so. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin bazara, rooting ba mai aiki ba ne: dumamar ta zo da sauri, kwararar ruwan itace ta fara, harbe yana girma, kuma yayin da tushen tsarin rauni yake samun ikon samar da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki.

A cikin fall, dasa bushes 20-30 days kafin a farkon sanyi. M sanyi zazzabi, high zafi taimako ga rooting. A lokacin bazara, shuka zai fara haɓaka yadda yakamata.

A lokacin bazara

Shuka iri tare da mummunan yanayin hunturu a bazara, a watan Afrilu-Mayu. A cikin yankuna na arewacin (a cikin Urals, a Siberiya), sun fara farawa a lokacin bazara. Yi wannan har sai furanni suka buɗe, har sai yawan zafin jiki sama ya wuce 15 ° C.

Zabi ingancin seedlings. Shootsaya daga cikin shekaru guda harbe tare da mai tushe guda biyu, diamita wanda ya kamata ya zama akalla 0.5 cm, ɗauki tushe mafi kyau .. Tsawon mafi kyawun tushe mai tushe shine cm 10 Tushen dole ne ya kasance yana da rayayyun halittu masu girma.

Lura: a cikin kaka, akwai zaɓi mafi yawa na shuka kuma farashin su yayi ƙasa da na bazara.

Dasa bishiyar blackberry a fili

Yadda ake dasa hoton bishiyar blackberry

Zaɓin wurin zama

• Zaɓi yankin da ke da lit da aka kiyaye shi daga iska - garanti na yawan amfani. A cikin inuwa, harbe za su shimfiɗa, sara da 'ya'yan itãcen, ripen da talauci, kuma rasa dandano.
• Guji matsewar ruwan cikin ruwa. Bai kamata su wuce sama da m 1.5 ba, in ba haka ba tsarin tushen zai kasance cikin damɓa, sanyi. Wannan yana rinjayar yawan amfanin ƙasa da dammar hunturu.
• Zaɓin da ya dace zai zama jerawa tare da shinge. Ja da baya daga shinge ta 1 m. Matsayi mafi dacewa a gefen kudu ko kudu maso yamma.

Ilasa

Nasara mai nasara yana buƙatar ƙasa mai sauƙin ruwa, mai numfashi. Amasan ƙasa Loamy tare da yanki mai mahimmanci na aƙalla 25 cm sun dace .. Sandy, yankuna masu dutse ko ruwa ba su dace ba.

Shirya Trellis

Shigarwa na trellis don hoton blackberry

Tabbatar shigar da goyon baya a tsaye don trellis a nesa na 3 m daga juna kuma mika waya don tiers biyu na garter: a girman 0.5-0.6 m da 1-1.5 m.

Shirya shafin

Tona wani yanki, cire ciyawa, feshe tare da shirye-shirye na musamman domin hana cututtuka da kwari. Tabbatar da wadatar da ƙasa mara kyau tare da kwayoyin halitta da takaddun ma'adinai masu rikitarwa - 1 guga na humus a kowace murabba'in mita yanki ko rabin guga na humus ga kowane daji. Yi amfani da takin mai ma'adinai bisa ga umarnin mai ƙira.

Saukowa rami shiri

Yadda ake shirya shafi don dasa hoton hoton blackberry

• Shirya dasa ramuka kwanaki 15-20 kafin dasawa. Tushen tsarin tsiro yana da ƙarfi, yana ratsa zurfi. Yi daidai da sigogin rami 40x40x40 cm.
• Takin: 5 kilogiram na humus ko takin, 120 g na superphosphate, 40 g na potassium sulfate. Haɗa dukkan abubuwan haɗin tare da ƙasa mai ƙoshin ciki kuma cika ramuka na dasawa cikin 2/3.

Yadda ake shuka

Yadda ake dasa blackberry Shuka hoton blackberry seedling

• Yada Tushen, sanya seedling a kwance, cika shi da ƙasa, amma barin 1-2 cm zuwa saman ramin don tabbatar da ingantaccen ruwa a nan gaba.
• Rage tushen wuyansa ta hanyar 1.5-2 cm, idan ƙasa mai sauƙin yashi ce - har zuwa 3 cm.
• Yi rikitaccen saman ƙasa kaɗan, ƙara 5-6 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin kowace shuka.
• Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin bazara, ruwa a kai a kai tsawon kwanaki 40-50.
• Cika da'irar akwati tare da bambaro ko sawki.
• Mulching tare da zaren peat ko humus (kauri kusan 15 cm) ba kawai zai kare daga bayyanar kwasfa ba, har ma zai zama tushen abubuwan gina jiki.

Nisa tsakanin bushes da layuka na blackberries lokacin dasa

• Iri tare da kafaffen mai tushe ya kamata a sanya 1 m baya
• Tare da creeping - 1.5 m
• Nisa tsakanin layuka ya kamata 2 m.

Dasa blackberries tare da yanke a cikin bidiyo:

Kula da blackberry a shafin

Kyankyasai sun fi fari-resistant fiye da raspberries, amma tsananin juriyarsu ba ƙasa.

Watse

Ruwa a lokacin cika Berry da lokacin fari. Zuba 15-20 L na ruwa a ƙarƙashin kowane daji kowane mako. A cikin sauran lokaci, lokaci-lokaci ruwa, guje wa bushewa ƙasa mai ƙarfi.

Kasa kwance

Sassauya kasar gona sau da yawa a cikin kakar, za zurfi da kusan cm 10 Yana da muhimmanci a sassauta kasar gona a ƙarshen watan Agusta ko Satumba - mai kwance ƙasa, ƙasa da zai daskare. Cire ciyawa a layi daya.

Yadda ake girbin blackberry

• Wajibi ne a datsa blackberries don samun iyakar amfanin ƙasa da manyan berries. Bugu da kari, pruning yana rike kamannin siffar dajin, da sauƙaƙe tarin berries, yana hana gurɓatar daji.
• Yankin daji yana da zagayowar ci gaba na shekaru biyu: a cikin farkon shekara, mai tushe ya haɓaka, samar da buds na itace, kuma ya ba da 'ya'ya a riga na gaba. Ya kamata a yanke bishiyar biennial da ta samar da 'ya'yan itace a cikin kaka a cikin kaka, wanda ya rage kawai harbe harbe na wannan shekara.
• A cikin shekarar farko ta girma, cire inflorescences.
• A cikin shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki, ya zama dole a rage mai tushe, a bar su 1.5-1.8 cm tsayi .. Yi wannan a cikin bazara har sai fure ya bude, yanke ya kamata ya wuce na toho na karshe.
• Bayan kowace lokacin hunturu, yanke wuraren daskararre zuwa koda na farkon koda.

A lokacin rani (farkon watan Yuni), ya kamata a fitar da ciyawa ta fita. Yanke duk girma matasa, barin 4-5 karfi harbe domin karkatattun iri, domin 6-8 for creeping. Yanke saman firam (yanke su 5-8 cm).

Blackberry pruning a cikin bazara akan bidiyo:

Blackberry pruning a cikin bazara akan bidiyo:

Yadda ake ɗaure blackberry

Tsakanin bishiyoyin da ke rarrafe, sanya trellis tare da layin 1-2 na waya, sanya ƙananan a tsayi na 0,5-0.6 m da babba a tsayi na 1-1.5 a cikin farkon shekara na haɓaka, ɗaure 2-3 harbe-fan mai-siffa zuwa ƙananan wayoyi. Direct da yawa shekara-shekara harbe zuwa tsakiyar daji da kuma kunnen doki a saman jere na waya.

A cikin kaka, ana cire harbe daga tallafin don samar da mafaka ga hunturu.

Har ila yau, an haɗa nau'ikan harbe tare da kafaffun harbe zuwa trellis, suna yin sassauƙar ra'ayi a gefe ɗaya. Sabbin abubuwan da ke gudana yayin kakar kuma sun ɗaure, amma tare da nuna bambanci a cikin shugabanci.

A lokacin fruiting, za a buƙaci ƙarin shading daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Ya kamata a cire raga ta musamman tare da layuka.

Yadda ake samar da blackberry akan trellis, bidiyo zai fada:

A inji yana bukatar kai miya.

Don ƙarfafa ci gaban sabon harbe, amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen kowane bazara. Plantaya daga cikin tsire-tsire zai buƙaci 50 g na ammonium nitrate, manya-manyan abin da ya kamata a gyara zuwa zurfin cm cm 10. Don rigakafin cutar, magance tare da maganin 1% na ruwa Bordeaux.

Duk shekara 3-4 yakamata ayi amfani da takin zamani. Yi wannan bayan girbi. Ga kowane m² kuna buƙatar: kilogiram 10 na humus ko takin, 100 g na superphosphate, 30 g na potassium sulfate.

Tsarin Blackberry na hunturu

Gina tsari tun kafin lokacin sanyi na farko (har sai dumin iska ya sauka zuwa -1 ° C), tunda lokacin hatsari ga shuka shine lokacin dusar kankara. Kada ku rufe leavesarshen ganyen bishiyoyi masu 'ya'ya, suna iya ɓoye ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka kunna tare da farkon bazara.

Tanƙwara mai tushe a ƙasa, tattara su a bunches, amintacce tare da baka. Lambu suna ba da shawarar a ƙarshen kakar don ƙulla nauyi zuwa filo na harbe - a ƙarƙashin nauyinsu, harbe da kansu za su tanƙwara ƙasa. A matsayin kayan sutura, zaka iya amfani da lapnik, hay, sawdust, peat, humus, ruberoid har ma da polyethylene (mai tushe ba zai yi fassara ba).

Yadda ake rufe blackberry don hunturu, kalli bidiyon:

Yadda za a tsara matasa blackberry seedlings daga cuttings na hunturu, bidiyo zai gaya:

Cutar Blackberry da Kwari

Wadannan kwari masu zuwa na iya tattarawa akan harbe da tumatir:

1. Rasberi tushe tashi (karamin kwari na launin toka).

Yakan zauna a cikin ƙasa domin hunturu, kuma a lokacin bazara ya bar matsuguninsa kuma yana sanya ƙwai a cikin babban axils na ganye. To larvae bayyana cewa cutar da shuka. Kuna iya ƙoƙarin hana wannan ta tono ƙasa a cikin fall. Samun annabta lokacin tashi don tashi a cikin bazara (a tsakiyar layin - tsakiyar Mayu, kudu - tsakiyar marigayi Afrilu), bi da fi na matasa harbe tare da shirye-shirye na musamman (Iskra, Actellik). Idan ba ku aikata wannan ba, da zaran fi na harbe fara Fade, da tukwici na ganye juya baki, a yanka rassan zuwa rabin tsawon. Idan an ci nasarar harbi har tsawon tsawon sa, dole ne a cire shi gaba daya. Zubar da duk wuraren da aka yanke yankan.

2. Rasberi yana harba ƙwayar gall midge ko sauro rasberi (girman maganin kwari shine 1.5-2 mm, don haka za'a iya gano shi lokacin da yake haifar da lalacewar shuka).

Mace na sanya ƙwai a ƙarƙashin haushi. Larvae fara cin ciki Layer na shoot, saboda shi ya zama an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa aibobi, lokacin da aka gama amfani da haushi, harbi karya. Wannan shine lokacin lokacin 'ya'yan itace.

Measuresauki matakan kariya:

• Tabbatar da gudanar da aikin tsabtace ruwa;
• don lalata kwari a cikin ƙasa, tono tushen tushe, zurfafa da 15 cm;
• ciyawa ƙasa tare da furen peat 8-10 mm lokacin farin ciki don hana kwari daga tashi
• bi da ƙasa tare da magani daga tsakiyar Afrilu.

3. Rasberi raschik (ƙananan kwari tare da fuka-fukan yanar gizo).

A lokacin furanni na shuka, mace tana sanya ƙwai. Bayan wani lokaci, an kafa ɓacin fuska (maraƙi na kumburi har zuwa 10 cm tsayi) akan harbe, cike da larvae. A saboda wannan, fasa suna bayyana a cikin baƙi, wanda ke sa harbe-rikice su zama da kyau. Don prophylaxis, bi da shuka tare da kwaro na musamman kafin fure. Game da shan kashi, wajibi ne a yanke da kuma ƙona harbe.

4. Ganyen Rasberi sawfly

Mace sa ƙwai da yawa a cikin axils na ganye. Bayan larvae ya fito, ganyayyakin ya mutu. Daga nan suka ci gaba da ciyar da ganyayyaki na shuka, suna barin holey burbushi a kansu. Yana lissafin lokacin Mayu-Oktoba. Idan akwai kwari da yawa, zasu iya lalata blackberry. Sassauya kasar gona karkashin daji, ciyawa da gangar jikin da'irar, tattara larvae da inji, bi da bushes tare da maganin kashe kwari a lokacin rani.

Varietiesan itacen Blackberry tare da sunaye da hoto

Shahararrun nau'ikan blackberry sune:

Black Satin Black Satin

Satin Black Satin Rubus Black Satin hoto da bayanin

Busharfin daji mai ƙarfi, ba mai haɗari ga lokacin farin ciki ba. Tsawon harbe shine 5 m, wanda ya fara yada tare da tsawo na 1.5 m. Yana bada har zuwa 25 kilogiram na berries a kowace kakar. Yana canja wurin zazzabi zuwa -22 ° C, ana buƙatar tsari don hunturu.

Black Black sa Agaveam

BlackBerry Agawam Rubus fruticosus 'Agawam'

Tsawon daji shine 1.8-3 m. The firam na harbe suna narkar da. Daga wani daji yana ba kilo 5-15 na berries. Dusar ƙanƙara mai tsaurin sanyi: ba ya daskare lokacin da zazzabi ya sauka zuwa -30 ° C.

Blackberry sa Doyle

Blackberry Doyle Rubus Doyle na hoto

Mafi yawan iri-iri. Da wuya rashin lafiya, resistant zuwa fari. Rassan daji mai ƙarfi, harbe suna girma har zuwa tsawon 4. Tare da namo mai zurfi, daji ɗaya na iya samar da kilogram 50 na berries. Berries ɗin suna da daɗi, mai daɗi da m, ƙanshi sosai, suna yin nauyi har 8g. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin ƙarshen Yuli har zuwa ƙarshen Satumba.

Blackberry Apache iri-iri

Blackberry Apache Apache na hoto

Bushaya daga cikin daji yana ba da kilogiram 7-8 na berries. Ba Ya son fari. Zai iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi ƙasa zuwa -20 ° C.

Karaka Blackberry

Black Karaka Blackberry Karaka

A iri-iri ne sananne ga manyan oblong-dimbin yawa berries. Fruiting: 8-10 kg daga wani daji. Wasu lokuta ganye na iya juya launin rawaya, wanda ba shine dalilin damuwa ba, amma alama ce ta iri-iri. Ba ya yarda da sanyi.

Blackberry Karaka Black Karaka Black hoto na amfanin gona na berries

Tattara irin waɗannan berries abin farin ciki ne: babba, mai haske, kar a bar ruwan 'ya'yan itace, mai daɗi sosai.

Blackberry sa Ruben

Blackberry Ruben Reuben hoto

Karamin daji yana bada kimanin kilogram 14-15 na berries. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na dogon lokaci, ba ji tsoron tsananin sanyi.

Blackberry sa Thornfrey

Hoto na Blackberry

Wannan itace blackberry daple tare da manyan m berries. A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa fari, sanyi da kwari. Bushaya daga cikin daji yana ba har zuwa kilogiram 12 na 'ya'yan itace.

Blackberry sa Loch Tay

Blackberry Loch Tay Blackberry

Bush tare da kafaffen harbe. Fari-mai tsaurin kai, amma yana jure sanyi. Manya-manyan, m berries ne amfanin iri-iri.

Blackpa sa Arapaho

Blackberry Arapaho Arapaho hoto

Iri-iri tare da tumatir na farko da manya-manyan berries, commensurate with the phalanx of the finger. Yana yin tsayayya da sanyaya zuwa -25 ° C.

Blackberry sa Polar

Polar Polar Polar hoto

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari daga Yuni zuwa Satumba. Bushaya daga cikin daji yana bada kimanin kilo 7 na berries. Berries suna da ɗanɗano mai dandano ba tare da ƙanƙanuwa ba.