Don cin nasarar kare tsirrai daga kwari, kuna buƙatar sanin ilimin halittarsu. Wannan ilimin zai ba da damar ingantacciya kuma mafi ƙarancin haɗari ga ɗan adam don amfani da kwayoyi don cin nasarar kwaro. Yana faruwa cewa wani lokacin kamar an yi komai bisa ga shawarwarin, har yanzu kwari suna ƙaruwa.
Musamman kwari mai hatsari na orchards sun haɗa da kwari, ɗaya daga cikin jinsunan, apple (apple), yana lalata pears, plums, da itacen apple a lokaci guda. Plwanƙwan ƙwayoyin plum lalacewa, ban da plums, cherries, cherries, ceri plums da peaches. Pear asu nasa ne a rukuni na musamman kwari da diyya kawai da pear.
Asu na codling asu a cikin matasa nectarine. MichiganplumTsarin nazarin halittu na cin gaban asu asu
A cikin sake zagayowar haɓakar asu asu, hanyar da ba ta da ƙarfi kuma a lokaci guda mafi cutarwa ita ce matakin caterpillar. Lalata su - mafi ingancin lokacin kula da kwaro. Kuna iya bin yadda suke bayyana ta hanyar lissafin lokutan mamatan masu tashi, sanya ƙwai da bunƙasa daga gare su - mutane masu ɗaukar hoto, kowane ɗayan na iya lalata har zuwa 'ya'yan itaciya 5-6, kuma gaba ɗaya - har zuwa 90% na amfanin gona.
Hanya mai juna biyu na asu codling shine malam buɗe ido, lokacin bazara wanda ya zo daidai da farkon fure daga albarkatun 'ya'yan itace.
Gabas codling asu, ko Oriental peach asu, (Grapholita molesta). La Eric LaGasaMaƙasudin kuɗaɗe suna ciyar da haɓakar haɓaka su da lokacin hunturu a cikin koko. Girman su yana daga 5-7 mm (plum) zuwa 2.0 cm (apple). Dukkan su launin toka-launin toka ne a launi tare da alamu ko gefuna masu haske na fikafikan. Ta hanyar fure-fure da farkon haɓaka daga cikin ƙwayoyin, mace, kamar yadda aka sake su daga koko, sa ƙwai a cikin ovaries, a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganyen bishiyoyi. Kuna iya gano farkon tashin jirgin ruwa ta hanyar buɗe kankara a kan akwati na bishiyoyi, a ƙarƙashin haushi ko a cikin lokaci - lokacin ƙarshen Mayu. Maƙasudin balaguro marasa lahani ne - waɗanda suka halarci mahaɗin ci gaba, amma su kansu ba sa cutarwa. Da safe, malam buɗe ido ya kwanta ƙwai 200, tare da rarraba su sau da yawa akan ganye, ƙwaya, da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Wasu lokuta, don kulawa da rayuwar tsararraki, sukan rufe masonry tare da ganye, suna goge su ga 'ya'yan itacen girma tare da rufinsu.
Bayan kwanaki 7-10, masarautar kyankyasar tana ciyar da ganyayyaki da farko, bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan sai suka ƙaura zuwa gidan kwai, su fasa naman, su bar hudowar su a ciki, su yi birgima cikin wani 'ya'yan itace. Kwayoyin da aka lalace kuma wani ɓangare na matasa fruitan itace da kafaffun 'ya'yan itatuwa sun faɗi a kashe.
A cikin lu'u-lu'u, matafila daga tsoratarwa, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu mummified suna motsawa zuwa ƙasa, pupate kuma suna hutawa har sai lokacin bazara. A cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa, kusan kwanaki 35-45 bayan fure, tashi daga huhun pear yana farawa kuma sake zagayowar ya fara daga farkon.
Bayyanar tuffa ta shafi asu. © Gwamnatin Yammacin OstiraliyaBa kamar 'yan itacen bera ba, apple da mowan itacen ora suma suna cikin matakin masifar, wanda rayayyen rayuwarsa yake gudana tun daga ranakun 16 zuwa 45, daga masu tsoratar da ranar farko da suka koma kambi na itacen. Daga 'ya'yan itaciyar da ta lalace an riƙe shi akan bishiya kuma daga masu tsoratar, mahaukacin sun koma wasu fruitsa ,an itaciya, inda ake yankuna iri da ganyayyaki. Yayin da suka sami cikakkiyar ci gaba, sun bar fruitsan fruitsan, a cikin wani wuri ɓoye da suke saƙa da kwalin da aka samar da chrysalis, wanda a cikin kwanaki 8-36 zai ba da rai ga sabon zamani. Ana sake maimaita wannan sau 2-3 sau biyu kuma tare da fara kwanakin rani mai sanyi, ƙarni na ƙarshe na matafilai ya bar 'ya'yan itacen don neman wuri mai dacewa inda zaiyi hunturu har zuwa shekara mai zuwa. A lokacin bazara mai zuwa, lokacin da iska ta tashi zuwa tsayayyen zafin jiki na + 10 cat, an kunna mahaukacin, ya sa kwandon shara ya juye zuwa pupae, sannan kuma ya zama kuli-kuli, wadanda suka fara kwanciya ƙwai bayan kwanaki 2-3.
Don haka, malam buɗe ido na kwance ƙwai a cikin dogon lokaci. Kyankyashe mahaifa suna jagoranci rayuwa mai karfi, suna cin abinci sosai. Su ne raunanniyar hanyar haɗi a cikin sake zagayowar haɓakar asu asu, waɗanda suke da sauƙin rushewa. Karin bayanai game da mummunan rushewar su:
- ficewar caterpillars daga qwai da abincinsu kafin tsari a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa,
- ƙarni na matafila barin 'ya'yan itacen a cikin neman hunturu.
Macijin pear asu. © Chris A.A lokacin lokacin dumi (Mayu - tsakiyar Satumba) a yankuna daban-daban, ana maimaita zirga-zirgar namomin kwari har zuwa 2 - sau 4, wani lokacin ma'amala (ɗayan bai ƙare ba, na biyu ya fara), wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga gano lokaci guda a cikin lambun dukkan matakan ci gaban cizo. Saboda haka, tare da magani guda, ba shi yiwuwa a lalata asu. Wannan shine babban kuskuren lambu. Dole ne a maimaita maganin lambun sau da yawa.
Ana gudanar da jiyya ta farko ne kwanaki 8 bayan tashin farko na malam buɗe ido, wato a ƙarshen Mayu (idan ya bushe da zafi) - ƙarnin farko na Yuni, na biyu - bayan makonni 2-3 da na uku bayan wani sati 2-3. A kudu, inda yanayin dumin yanayi ya fi tsayi, zaku iya aiwatar da magani na 4.
Hanyar don tantance asu codling a cikin lambu
Gaskiyar cewa ƙwayar codling tana cikin gonar ana iya ƙaddara shi da 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka lalace kuma tuni a cikin bazara, da sanin ilimin halitta na malam buɗe ido, fara yin yaƙi da kwaro.
Kuna iya ƙayyade lokacin tashin farkon farawa na malam buɗe ido ta hanyar kwashe cocoons lokacin da ake bincika bishiyoyi a cikin bazara ko saita kwalba, faranti mai zurfi tare da kvass mai ƙanshi a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi. Lyaya daga cikin malam buɗe ido a cikin tsawon rayuwarsa ya bar ƙarni na 40-200, yana kwance ƙwai 1-2 a kowace ganye, ovary, 'ya'yan itace.
Farkon malam buɗe ido ko kwanciya da kwan da aka kama alama ce ta fara aiki bayan kwana 8-10.
Caterpillar na Tumbin ƙwayoyin Tuban (Grapholita funebrana). Od Todd M. Gilligan da Steven C. Passoa 
Butterfly plum asu (Grapholita funebrana). Ho Donald Hobern
Plum shafi asu. Rick Patrick ClementYawan da lokacin kula da lambun
A cikin lambuna tare da aikin kariya na zamani, yana da kyau a lura da jerin lokuta masu zuwa, amfani da duk shirye-shiryen sunadarai da na halitta:
- magani na farko akan Yuni 1-12 tare da nau'ikan sunadarai don lalata ƙarni na farko na waƙoƙi
- don halakar da ƙarni na biyu, suna ƙidaya kwanaki 25-30 daga jiyya ta farko da kusan 10 Yuli (+ ... - kwana 3), bi da bishiyoyi a karo na biyu tare da nau'ikan sunadarai,
- mafi yawan tarawar caterpillars (tsararraki da yawa) ana lura dashi daga rabin na biyu na Yuli; sabili da haka, daga Yuli 18-20, har zuwa 1 ga Agusta, ba dole ba ne a sake yin wasu jiyya 2, amma tare da samfuran halittu; Tsakanin, zaku iya ƙara jiyya tare da kayan kwalliya na ganye (hanyar mutane),
Don rage nauyin adadin jiyya a jikin bishiyar, yana da kyau a haɗar da jiyya daga ɓoyayyen ƙwayoyin cuta (zanowa) tare da sauran nau'ikan kwari (tsotsa) a cikin gaurayawan tanki, tun da farko sun tabbatar da jituwa na kwayoyi daban-daban.
Hanyoyi don kare gonar daga asu asu
Lambun daga kwari za a iya kare shi ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- agrotechnical ko na zahiri,
- sinadarai, amfani da magungunan kashe qwari; amma, ka tuna: magani mai arha kuma ingantacce zai iya cutar da lafiyar dangi da dabbobi,
- nazarin halittu, ta amfani da kwayoyin halittun da basa cutar da lafiyar mutane, dabbobi, tsuntsaye da abokan gaba na asu,
- jama'a: kayan ado na ganyayyaki, amfanin magabtan halitta na asu na codling (tsuntsaye da kwari masu amfani).
Caterpillar na Apple Codling asu (Cydia pomonella). © Joachim K. Lockener 
Sashe na gani na apple wanda asu ya buga. © Gwamnatin Yammacin Ostiraliya 
Maƙallin Codling asu (Cydia pomonella). © Olaf LeillingerAbubuwa masu ban tsoro
Cire dindindin na cirewa a lokacin girma. Kafin ɗaukar tsararren, bishiyoyin sun girgiza har 'ya'yan itacen da ba su da lafiya sun lalace.
Autumn da bazara dubawa da itace tsaftacewa daga tsohuwar fadowar kwandon shara (asarar koko), gyara raunuka, cire cutukan da ba su da lafiya, busassun rassan, fararen hular fari da rassan kwarangwal. Idan ana duba akwati 1 koke, bayan kwana 8-10, ana fara aiki.
Tabbatar a haɗe manne gonar farauta beltswanda aka ba da kayan abinci mai guba ko bayani. Mannewar ba ta bushewa ba kuma tana zama kyakkyawan shinge ga masara da sauran kwari da ke tafe akan bishiya ba. Belts suna canza sau ɗaya a wata daga bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Yin fim - ƙone.
Idan kasar gona a karkashin bishiyoyi an kiyaye shi a cikin yanayin tururi, tabbatar da faduwa tono tare da radius. Tare da narkewar radial, Tushen ba su da lalacewa, musamman samari da suke hakowa. Ngwu yana farawa daga tushe (5-10 cm), zurfafa zuwa gefen kambi (15-20 cm).
Madadin tururi a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi, yana da kyau a shuka ciyawar daji tare da tsutsa, tansy, fatselia, tsire-tsire iri na karas da sauran ganye don jawo hankalin abokan gaba codling asu (mahaya, trichogram, kwari fatalwa).
A cikin karamin lambu a cikin hanyoyin zaka iya girma tumatir. Th asu ba zai iya jure warinsu ba kuma ya bar saukowa.
Gabas codling asu a peach. University Jami'ar ClemsonAmfani da sinadarai
A cikin lambunan gida ba za ku iya amfani da magungunan kashe qwari ba. Don sauri (da zarar an sarrafa shi kuma lambun yana da tsabta, gami da daga masu shi), za mu iya ba ku shawara ku sayi magunguna kawai tare da gajeren lalata, ƙarancin guba bisa ga gradation a cikin kundin. Yi amfani da su na farko, a cikin shekaru epiphytotic - don magani na biyu. Sannan canzawa zuwa samfuran halitta.
Daga cikin sinadaran, mafi ƙarancin lahani ga lafiyar lafiyar gidan gona sune sunadarai: kinmix, senpai, bankol, mospilan, sonnet, decis,-M, alatar, intavir. Effectivearin tasiri sune magunguna na zamani: coragen, wasa, ƙwayar cuta. A bu mai kyau amfani da ba shirye-shiryen mutum daban-daban ba, amma gaurayawan tanki na magunguna 2-3. Fesa ya kamata a yi da yamma a kwantar da hankula.
Lokacin aiki tare da magungunan kashe qwari, ya zama dole a bincika shawarwarin a hankali kuma bi su. Increaseara yawan taro don warware matsalar ba zai inganta sakamakon magani ba, amma zai lalata wani ɓangare na fauna mai amfani. Kullum kuyi aiki tare da guba a cikin tufafi na musamman kuma, bayan kun gama aiki, shawa, canza tufafi, shan madara (ba ruwan inabin ba!).
Lokacin aiwatar da abun da ke ciki na gaurayawan tanki dole ne a canza. Anyi amfani da kwari da sauri ga wasu magungunan ƙwari kuma basa karɓar magani.
Tarkon man gyada ga kwari. Est maganin cututtukan fataShirye-shiryen nazarin halittu
Ana yin shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu bisa kyakkyawan ingantaccen microflora. Ba su cutar da lafiyar ɗan adam kuma ana iya amfani dashi har zuwa (da wani lokacin) da kuma lokacin girbi. Ya kamata a sani cewa samfuran halitta suna aiki ne kawai a yanayin zafi + 18 ° С kuma mafi girma kuma ingancinsu yana iyakance ta tasirin waje. Ana iya wanke su da sauƙin ruwa yayin ruwan sama da ruwa. Sabili da haka, adadin jiyya yana ƙaruwa, tun da yake wajibi ne a maimaita su bayan fidda ruwa.
Daga cikin samfuran halitta, bioinsecticides suna da tasiri: phytoverm, lepidocide, bitoxibacillin, actofit, acarin, dendrobacillin da sauransu. Shiri na mafita da aiki gonar ana aiwatar dashi a cikin yanayin bushe, da yamma. Matakan tsaro a wurin aiki ya zama dole: safofin hannu, tabarau.
Tsarin aiki mai haɗa kai
Ana samar da mafi girman sakamako ta hanyar ingantattun matakan kula da kwaro a cikin yarda da lokutan aiki. Ana gudanar da jiyya ta farko 2 tare da hadewar magunguna, na biyu kuma ana bi da su da kwayar halitta. Ana amfani da lepidocide tare da phytoverm, bayan makonni 2 - bitoxibacillin ko actophyte. Af (idan yanayi bai yi ruwa ba) za a iya amfani da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu don kula da gonar tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 7-8 kuma a cikin kwanakin da suka gabata (ripening na amfanin gona). Tare da cinikin bioprocessing (musamman lokacin da ake gudanar da aikin kiwo na halitta), zaku iya amfani dashi, ban da agrotechtey, da kuma hanyoyin magance asu.
Dogara mai kariya daga kwari masu kwari. Ruwan lemoHanyoyin folta na magance asu
Don bi da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasar ba zai iya amfani da tsire-tsire masu guba ba. Waɗannan sunadarai iri ɗaya ne da za a iya guba. Da ke ƙasa akwai infusions da kayan ado na ganye tare da kayyakin kwari wanda ba shi da lahani ga ɗan adam.
Albasa.
Sanya 30-50 g na sabulu mai wanki a cikin 10 l na ruwa (yana iya zama talakawa ba tare da komi ba), ƙara 100 g na yankan kwancen ɗamara tare da fiɗa, nace tsawon awanni 20-24 kuma yayyafa bishiyoyin a farkon farawar sai a maimaita bayan kwanaki 4-6, har sai an lura tsuntsaye masu tashi.
Mustard
Narke 100 g na mustard foda a cikin guga na ruwan zafi, nace da fesa itatuwa don rana guda a cikin lokaci na saiti da haɓakar ƙwayoyin kwayoyi bayan kwanaki 3-4.
Marigolds.
Dukan ƙasa-ƙasa mai marigolds an murƙushe da kuma brewed kamar shayi a cikin kudi na 500 g / 10 l ruwan zãfi, tace bayan sanyaya. An fesa a cikin bazara ba tare da ƙarin dillanci ba, a lokacin rani an rage yawan haɗuwa ta dilution of 1: 3 kuma a cikin fall - 1: 2. Tea tincture na marigold yana lalata nau'ikan kwari har guda 9, gami da shayarwa: tururuwa, aphids, caterpillars, moths, nematodes, blackberry mites da sauransu.
Fi na tumatir.
Daga kaka, an shirya bushe tumatir bushe. A cikin bazara, ana zubar kilogiram 2 na bushewa na tsawon awanni 10 tare da guga na ruwan zafi. Tace. Kafin spraying, tsarma sau 2. Maganin a cikin akwati mai rufewa za'a iya adana shi har zuwa makonni 3-4. Za'a iya amfani da blank ɗaya na tattara don sprayings da yawa.
Hay.
Fresh hay ne yankakken, an zuba shi da ruwan zãfi kuma nace don kwanaki 2-3. Ana buƙatar guga 1/3 na yankakken hay akan guga na jiko. Kafin amfani, ana jiko jiko, an narkar da 1: 3 kuma an bi da shi tare da bishiyoyi.
Pheromone tarko na gida don codling moths. Hom Tsayayyen Hanyar gidaMai karatu! Ba tare da wata shakka ba, a cikin arsenal ɗin ku akwai wasu hanyoyi, abubuwan da aka tsara don sarrafa amfanin gona daga kwari. Da fatan za a raba kwarewar ku.
