Kun zaɓi shuka don dogon lokaci a cikin shagon kuma, a ƙarshe, ya zaɓi orchid ɗinku. Waɗannan kyawawan furanni ne kyawawa, amma suna kuma buƙatar kulawa ta dace. Amma idan ka lura da su daidai, to, waɗannan furanni na sarauta da gaske za su faranta wa iyayengijinsu da ɗaukakarsu na dogon lokaci. Sau da yawa, ma'abuta ƙarancin wannan shuka suna tambayar tambaya: yadda za a kula da orchids a gida? Wannan duk game da zaɓar madaidaicin ƙasa ne, gumi, haske da ruwa.
Kulawar Orchid a Gida
Canjin furanni bayan shagon
Don haka, kun kawo kyakkyawa gida. Amma me za ku iya yi don sanya fure ta jure damuwa da ƙarancin hasara, kuma a mafi dacewa ta dace da sabbin yanayi, kuma kar ku cutar da sauran fure da ke girma a gidan ku? Kuma yadda za a kula da fure da suka kawo?
Lokacin keɓewa
Mafi mahimmanci, keɓe fure don makonni da yawa. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar sanya shuka daban da sauran furanni. Idan babu wuri don shuka a kan taga, to, zaku iya sa shi akan teburin kwanciya ko a wani wuri. Amma a nan dole ne muyi la’akari da gaskiyar hakan sabon da aka samo fure baya buƙatar haskoki kai tsaye na rana, yana da kyau tsayar da orchid a wani wuri mai inuwa. Hakanan, ba lallai ba ne a wannan lokacin don ciyar da fure tare da takin zamani, wanda masu siyarwa suke bayarwa lokacin da sayen shuka.
Shayar da shuka a cikin tukunya a lokacin dormancy shima ba a son shi, kawai a sanya ido a ganyayyaki, da dai sauran. Wannan ya zama dole don mahimmancin lokacin kwari na fure fure, don kada su basu damar ninkawa. Bayan an gama keɓe kai tsaye, sannu a hankali ku mamaye fure zuwa rana akan windowsill da ruwa kamar yadda ya cancanta.
Juyawa
Ya kamata a lura cewa sauya shuka da aka saya a shagon ba a buƙatar. Fure yakan iya girma cikin abin da yake canzawa shekaru da yawa. Ana buƙatar dasa wuri na kai tsaye ne kawai lokacin da aka dasa fure a cikin shagon a cikin ƙwayar sphagnum.
Babu buƙatar aiwatar da sabon orchid a cikin tukunya tare da kowane "anti-stress" na fure, kawai sa tsire-tsire bushe kuma zai iya magance damuwa kuma ya sami tushe a cikin gidan ku. Hakanan, baku buƙatar aiwatar da bayanan ganye tare da shirye-shiryen kwari, musamman idan ba su. Me yasa cutar da shuka da ta riga ta motsa? Furen, wanda aka bari shi kadai kuma ya bushe, yana kunna magunguna, kuma zai saba da dacewa da sabon yanayi.
Taki, ruwa, hasken wuta
Idan kuna sha'awar barin, to kuna buƙatar sanin cewa wannan fure mai laushi da ƙima, saboda tana buƙatar ƙirƙirar wasu yanayi don ita. Amma kula da fure mai sauƙi ne, babban abu shine a san abin da kuma a wane lokaci ne ake buƙatar yin.
Haske
Wannan shi ne babban mahimmanci yayin kulawa da orchid, yana ƙayyade ko tsire-tsire zai yi fure ko a'a. Tunda idan inji yana da isasshen hasken wuta, to, fure zai kasance tsayayye, kuma idan babu isasshen haske - ganye zai ƙarshe zama haske kore a launi, bayan haka za su shimfiɗa su kuma fara juya launin rawaya. Lokacin zabar hasken wuta, yakamata a bishe ku da wadannan sharudda:
- a lokacin rani, furen ya fi duhu. Musamman idan akwai yiwuwar babban tashin hasken rana kai tsaye akan ganyayyaki. Don dimming, fim ɗin matte ko filastik yana da girma;
- launuka kamar da yawa na yanayi haske. Hasken rana kai tsaye ba zai dace ba, dole ne a la'akari da wannan yayin tashi;
- sa'o'in hasken rana ma suna da muhimmanci ga fure. Wataƙila hasken rana don orchid shine sa'o'i 12, idan awannan hasken rana ƙasa da awowi 10, to ana buƙatar hasken arziƙin don shuka. Kula da waɗannan launuka yana nufin yin amfani da hasken wuta tare da kwararan fitila mai kyau don waɗannan dalilai;
- a cikin faduwa, zaku iya gujewa raguwa. A wannan lokacin, shuka yana da jihar da ba ta da matsala - kwanciya da harbe-harben su da faruwa. Kuna buƙatar la'akari da wannan dalilin lokacin barin.
Zazzabi
Dukkanin orchids sun kasu kashi uku dangane da tsarin zafin jiki:
- tsire-tsire masu tsananin sanyi. Wadannan furanni sun fito ne daga tsaunuka ko kuma daga yankuna masu sauyin yanayi, sun haɗa da yawancin nau'ikan, Lelia da Paphiopedilums da dama, da kuma dendrobiums na Australiya. Mafi yawan zafin jiki mafi ingancin waɗannan tsire-tsire shine lokacin bazara da rana - 21 gr., Kuma hunturu dare - 13-14 gr .;
- matsakaici zazzabi furanni. Wadannan nau'ikan suna girma a tsakiyar yanki na tsaunin tropics, kuma odontoglossums da miltonia suna cikin waɗannan orchids. Don wannan kula da furanni dole ne a aiwatar dashi a yanayin zafin da yake da sanyi. Zafin zafin rana a lokacin rani ya zama 19-23 gr a gare su, kuma hunturu na dare - 13-14 gr .;
- tsirrai masu zafi. Wadannan furanni sun fito ne daga filayen tsibirin na wurare masu zafi da gandun daji, kuma an haɗa wasu nau'ukan shanu, phalaenopsis, da dendrobiums a nan. Wadannan nau'in suna buƙatar yanayi mai ɗumi, saboda zafin rana da rana a lokacin bazara ya kamata ya zama gram 16-33 a gare su, kuma yawan zafin jiki na dare a cikin hunturu ya zama giram 16-19. Ana buƙatar sauke digiri na yau da kullun fiye da 3-5 gr.
Gabaɗaya, zaku iya ganin cewa kusan dukkanin nau'in orchids da ke girma a cikin tukwane a gida za ku ji daɗin girma a zazzabi na 19-26 grams, da rana da kuma gram 14-25. da dare.
Watse
Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin yanayi, babban ɓangaren waɗannan furanni ba a taɓa samun ruwa ba, tun da tushen sa ba ya tsayayya da yanayin danshi. Amma kowane nau'in yana da nasa peculiarity na watering. Misali, Phalaenopsis da Paphiopedilium suna son ƙasa mai laushi koyaushe, kuma Oncidium da Dendrobium suna buƙatar ƙasa buso kuma kawai suna buƙatar shayar da ƙasa lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe.
Amma, da babba, duk orchids sun fi haƙuri ga bushewa fiye da na ruwa. Ana buƙatar wadataccen ruwa ne kawai yayin ɓarkewar shinge, fure da aiki mai girma. Idan akwai ƙarancin ruwa, to tabbas zaku gano game da shi: ganyen tsiro da almara. Idan akwai danshi wanda ya wuce haddi, to ganye zaiyi toka da rawaya, saiwoyin sa suyi rauni.
A cikin hunturu, lokacin da yake da sanyi kuma akwai ɗan haske, ba kwa buƙatar shayar da orchid mai yalwa, kuma tsire-tsire ba ya buƙatar adadin ruwa bayan fure a lokacin fitarwa.
Kulawar da ta dace ta ƙunshi a shayar da fure tare da ruwa mai laushi. Babban don wannan ruwan sama ne da zazzage ruwan sanyi. Kuna iya shayar da shuka tare da ruwa mai sauƙi. A lokacin rani, ana shayar da shi sau 2-3 a mako, bayan bushewa saman ƙasan ƙasa, kuma a cikin hunturu, ya kamata a rage ruwa - sau 1-2 a mako. Ka lura idan an gurɓatar da akuyar, idan wannan sabon abu ya kasance, furen yana buƙatar ruwa.
Watering furen ya ƙunshi sanya shuka a cikin tukunya a cikin akwati tare da ruwan dumi na minti 10 ko kuma shayar da orchid tare da ruwan shawa. A cikin maganar ta ƙarshe, ƙasa ta kasance rigar gabaɗaya, ruwa zai fito daga cikin ramuka na magudanar ruwa. Bayan yin ruwa, riƙe tsire a kan grid na musamman, to, duk ruwan zai fito, sannan a sanya shi a cikin tukunyar kayan ado.
Taki da taki
Furen yana buƙatar koto kawai lokacin girma, ana ba da shawarar yin takin ba fiye da sau ɗaya a kowane makonni 2-3. Don wannan, ana amfani da ƙari na musamman - Bon Forte, Pocon ko Greenworld.
Abinda yafi mahimmanci shine a cika adadin da aka nuna akan fakitin kuma kar a cika shi.
Waɗannan furanni ba sa son haɗuwa da salts ma'adinai a cikin ƙasa kuma mai yiwuwa ba za su iya yin haƙuri da shi ba. Domin ya zama dole a lokacin takin don tsabtace substrate da ruwa mai tsabta, madadin ruwa da kuma kayan miya daban-daban sau ɗaya a mako. Karka taɓa sayi koto wanda aka tsara don wasu furanni, kar ku ciyar da fure a cikin hunturu da lokacin hutawa.
Yawancin masana sun yi tsayayya da koto. Suna jayayya cewa m taki lowers da rigakafin na shuka, saboda shi ne mafi saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban. Sabili da haka, ba lallai ba ne don takin orchid kwata-kwata, tunda shuka tana karɓar dukkanin abubuwan da ake buƙata daga abin da ake buƙata, amma wannan dokar kawai ana amfani da ita lokacin da ake sabunta ƙananan aikin kowane 'yan shekaru.
Ta yaya ciyawa orchid take?
Idan kun san fasalin kulawar orchid, to a sauƙaƙe zaku iya yada yadda ake so. Sake bugun wannan shuka ana yi ta hanyoyi da yawa, zamu yi magana game da kowane ɗayansu dalla-dalla.
Sake bugun ta "yara"
"Yara" ƙananan ƙananan tsirrai ne. Wadannan rassan gefen yawanci ana yin su ne a cikin furanni waɗanda ke da babban adadin nitrogen. Idan kun lura "yara", to, kuyi ƙoƙarin fesa shuka sau da yawa kuma ku jira har sai sun girma kuma suna ba da asalinsu. Sannan zaku iya raba sabon fure, kuyi shi da gawayi da ƙasa ku dasa shi daban.
Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa
Wannan zabin haifuwa ya kunshi amfani da shafe shafe, ana samun wadannan bangarorin ne a cikin orchids. Offspringa Airaran iska suna bayyana sau da yawa a cikin harbe waɗanda ke da ƙwayoyin cylindrical ko elongated thickened harbe.
A wannan yanayin zaku buƙaci ƙaramin greenhouse a saman ɓangaren tushe. Ana iya ƙirƙirar shi daga ƙaramin filastik kuma za'a iya yin yanka a gefe. Daga nan sai a sanyaya moss ɗin sai a jira yaran dake bacci su “farka”.
Leafless shoot, located horizontally a cikin greenhouse, ya kamata a kai a kai moistened da kuma mai tsanani. Bayan kusan wata guda, tohon da ke kwance zai “farka”, yara matasa da ke da tushe da ganyayyaki za su girma daga gare su.
Bayan dasawa, dole ne a raba ƙananan orchids a hankali daga reshen uwar, bayan sarrafawa, zaku iya juyawa cikin karamin tukunya. Ka ajiye su a cikin dan karamin lokaci.
Kayan lambu na yaduwa
Ta wannan hanyar, ya dace don yada kusan dukkanin nau'ikan furanni. Rhizome na tsire-tsire suna buƙatar kawai za a rarrabe, kuma su bar pseudobulbs da yawa akan kowane mãkirci. Amma wannan hanyar haifuwa ya dace kawai lokacin da orchid yayi babba.
Cire fure daga tukunya, sannan a hankali ka raba duniya daga tushen. Yanke tushen sa tare da shears na lambu; kwararan fitila da yawa ya kamata ya kasance akan kowane ɓangaren rabuwa. Pyayyafa yanke da gawayi, dasa dukkan gutsattsarin fure daban. Idan ya bayyana tare da orchid, yadda ake kulawa a wannan yanayin, to komai yana da sauki. Fesa su a kowace rana, ruwa kadan furanni har sai sabon ganye ko harbe form. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa shuka ta da tushe.
Kula a lokacin da bayan fure
Mafi yawan mutane suna sha'awar yadda ake kula da shuka lokacin furanni. Siffofin kulawa a wannan lokacin sune:
- ya fi kyau tada zafin jiki da daddare da digiri 5;
- fure orchid na bukatar ciyawar sosai. Zai fi kyau ruwa da shuka a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai ɗumi, kuma zazzabi ruwan dole ne 35 g., Bayan yin ruwa, cire danshi daga wurin haɓaka, in ba haka ba zai lalace;
- a wannan lokacin, furen yana buƙatar babban miya. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin gargajiya wanda aka tsara musamman don orchids, amma ba ku iya shawo kan fure;
- lokacin da yake fure, ba za ku iya dasa shukar fure ba, in ba haka ba ma shuka za ta rasa dukkan furanni da fure.
Idan kuna son orchid ya yi fure muddin ya yiwu - kar a sake shirya shuka.
Kula bayan fure
Lokacin da furanni ya ƙare, kuma shinge ya yi baƙi da bushewa, dole ne a yanke shi a gindin kuma a cire shi. Bayan fure, an rage koto. A cikin hunturu, ya kamata a rage yawan ruwa zuwa sau ɗaya a wata, ya fi kyau fesa fure sau da yawa da ruwa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa idan inji yana buƙatar juyawa, bazai yi fure ba kuma saboda haka orchid ya sake fashewa - canza wurin da tukunya, sake shirya shi zuwa wani wuri.
Idan bayan fure kun ga furanni ya bushe da ganyaye masu launin shuɗi, kuma basa fitar da ciyawar fure, haka kuma matsar da tukunyar zuwa wani wuri. Sannan shuka zai yi fure akai-akai.
Muna fatan duk bayanan da ke sama suna da amfani a gare ku, kuma yanzu kun san yadda za ku kula da orchids a gida kuma, idan komai daidai ne, wannan kyakkyawan tsire-tsire zai faranta muku furanni koyaushe. Tunda furanni shine lokacin da akafi so a rayuwar kowane mai son furanni.
