Lissafin kalmomin shuka iri na kayan lambu na shuka don shuka

Bayan hutun Sabuwar Shekara, lambu sun fara shirin shuka iri don shuki. Encedwararru, tare da shekaru masu yawa na haɓaka kayan lambu, cikin sauƙi a tantance ranar shuka tsaba don shuka, ta amfani da lura da lissafin su. Zai fi wahala a tantance wannan ranar ga masu farawa. Don tantancewa da bayyana ranar shuka tsaba don shuka, zaka iya amfani da hanyoyi da yawa:

• bisa ga sakamakon binciken aikin gona,
• hanyar kirgawa
• bisa ga tsarin gyara.

Harbe da barkono.

Yin amfani da sigogi da aka ƙaddara amintattu

Zai bada shawara ga yan lambu novice don amfani da kundayen adireshi na musamman don amfanin gona. Ana samun bayanai game da lokacin shuka amfanin gona na kayan lambu na shuka ana samun su a cikin shekaru da yawa na gwajin agrotechnooka a cikin yanayin kusa da yankin namo. Ana kiran tsaba a cikin zoned kuma lokacin sayarwa a baya na marufi, masana'antun koyaushe suna nuna fitarwa, har zuwa ranar da aka ba da shawarar shuka iri don shuka.

Dole ne a faɗi cewa kwanakin shuka na tsaba da aka bayar a kan marufi su ne matsakaita. Ba su yin la'akari da yanayin yanayin damina na shekara, halaye iri-iri da aka ambata akan lakabin, da sauran sigogi. Saboda haka, a cikin hunturu lokacin (free daga filin aiki) lambu bukatar sanin kansu da shawarwarin na shayarwa kuma zaɓi iri da kuma hybrids da suka zabi daga kundayen adireshi da kuma kundin adireshi.

Siyan hybrids yafi dacewa da alama F1. Waɗannan su ne hybrids na farkon haifuwa. Koyaushe suna bambanta da na gaba ta hanyar karɓar juriya ga cututtuka kuma mafi dacewa daidai da halayen tunani.

A cikin bayanin ku na lambun ku, zana tebur kuma shigar da bayanan da zasu taimaka muku mafi daidai don tantance ranar shuka tsaba da dasa bishiyoyi don dasa dindindin a buɗe ko ƙasa mai kariya (mai zafi, sanyi, greenhouses, fim na spandboda da sauran mafaka na dindindin da na ɗan lokaci).

Ana buƙatar sigogi masu mahimmanci na kayan lambu na kayan lambu a ƙasa a cikin tebur. 1 da 2. Lura cewa a cikin tebur 1 da 2, amfanin gona iri ɗaya sun bambanta a cikin yawan iri da kuma kwanakin shuka (yanki ɗaya ne, amma yankuna sun bambanta). Waɗannan tebur suna nuna yadda yawan bayanan hukuma suke. Sabili da haka, lokacin amfani da sigogi da aka shirya don shuka iri, zai fi kyau ɗaukar bayanai daga yankin ku.

Tebur 1: veraididdigar yawan ƙwayar seedling da aka samo ta dalilin gwaje-gwajen agrotechlete na tsakiyar Rasha

Seedlings tumatir.

Tebur 2: Kwananan don dasa shuki a tsakiyar Rasha a cikin shinge da buɗe ƙasa

Hanyar kirgawa

Don amfani da wannan hanyar lissafin, ya zama dole don a maimaitana amfani da taswirar yanayin yanki, wanda ke nuna sigogin farkon yanayin tsaftataccen yanayin bazara (ba tare da dawowar daskararren bazara mai sanyi ba) da kuma sanyaya kaka. Hakanan ana buƙatar tsawon sa na tsiro na amfanin gona. Don mafi kyawun ƙungiyar shuka da lokacin dasawa, mun shigar da sigogi masu mahimmanci a cikin jerin bayanan lambu.

A cikin teburin da muke sanya bayanai akan shekarun seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings, tsawon lokacin dasa su a cikin ƙasa, fitowar seedlings, izinin lokaci ba yanayi bane wanda ake tsammani, karbuwa bayan nutsewa, da bayanan da aka ƙididdige.

Misali: a tsakiyar Rasha, lokacin sanyi ba tare da sanyi ba yana farawa a shekaru goma na biyu na Mayu. Muna ɗaukar ranar ƙarshe - Mayu 15. Zamanin ci gaban tumatir na farko daga tsire-tsire yana ɗaukar kwanaki 45-50. Zuwa wannan lokacin muna kara kwanaki 5-7 don farawa daga tsirrai da kwanaki 3-4 don tsawon karbuwa daga bayan kwazazzabai da wasu maganganun da ba a tsammani ba (50 + 7 + 4 = 61). Amfani da kalanda, muna ƙidaya kwanaki 50 daga shekarun shuki, kwanaki 4 na nutsewa da kwanaki 7 don fitowar, kuma muna samun adadin kwanakin ƙididdigar (kwana 60-61) da kafaffiyar kwanan wata don shuka tsaba. Ranar tana zuwa Maris 14-15. Za a iya faɗaɗa shuka ta hanyar gudanar da shi a cikin lokuta da yawa tare da hutu na kwanaki 10-15. Dasa shuki za a yi daga Maris 15 zuwa 1 ga Afrilu.

Ga wani misalin wata kirji mai dadi. Eterayyade da ƙarshen lokacin sanyi na lokacin sanyi akan taswirar yanayi. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, ya faɗi akan ƙarshen shekaru na Afrilu - shekaru goma na farko na Mayu. Shekarun 'ya'yan' ya'yan itacen barkono mai zaki, a shirye suke a dasa dindindin, kwana 65-75. Muna kirga ƙasa daga Mayu 10 (don kada mu fada karkashin sanyi dawo). Zuwa lokacin da muke shuka 'yan shekaru 65 da muke kara kwanaki 5 don farawa daga harbe da kuma 7 don yanayin da ba a tsammani (zazzabi zai ragu, rashin hasken wuta, jinkirtawa da ruwa) kuma muna samun jimlar kwanaki 77. Mun ƙidaya su daga 10 Mayu kuma mu sami ranar shuka tsaba don shuka a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu. Don haka, lokacin shuka barkono mai daɗi don shuka a cikin yankuna na kudancin daga 17 ga Fabrairu zuwa 1 ga Maris. Idan an shuka shi cikin sharuɗɗan 2-3 tare da rata na kwanaki 8-10, to, tsawon lokacin shuka shuka 'ya'yan itacen barkono na shuka zai wuce har zuwa Maris 5-10.

Ggwan itace na ƙwai.

A lokacin da yin lissafin ranar shuka tsaba, a bi doka: ya fi kyau a dasa youngeraramin, ƙaramin seedlings don haɓaka na dindindin fiye da girma. Seedlingsan ƙananan matasa suna wucewa ta lokacin karbuwa ga sabon yanayin rayuwa (kamar jariri) da sauri, kuma haɗuwa da yawa ba su da matsala a dasawa (sharar gida da yawa) kuma suna iya saurin kamuwa da cututtuka a lokacin daidaitawa. Idan baku da tabbas game da ingancin shiri na dasa iri na shuka bishiyar don amfanin dindindin, to ko da yaushe jinkirta ranar shuka shine zuwa kwanan wata (wani lokacin har zuwa kwanaki 10). Kuna iya shuka tsaba cikin sharuɗɗa da yawa. Wannan dabarar za ta samar da wata dama ta shiga yanayin zafin jiki da hasken da ya dace da al'adu.

Lissafta ta hanyar gyara

Kamar yadda kake gani daga misalai a sama, ranar shuka iri har yanzu ya zama yana iyo kuma ya bambanta tsakanin kwanaki 10. Akwai wata hanya don yin lissafin ingantaccen shuka na tsaba don shuka - bisa ga tsarin canji. Don ƙididdigar ta, za a buƙaci ƙarin bayanai, waɗanda za a iya karɓa daga littattafan tunani ko amfani da sakamakon abubuwan lura na dogon lokaci.

Mun zana tebur mai taimako, inda muke shigar da bayanan masu zuwa (tebur. 3). Lokacin ƙayyade kwanan ranar shuka tsaba don shuka ta hanyar canji, ana aiwatar da lissafin a matakin aji. Wannan shine, zamuyi la'akari da sigogi ba na tumatir na farko ko wasu albarkatu ba, amma na wani iri-iri ko matasan.

Tebur 3: Misalin yin lissafin ranar shuka tsaba na kayan lambu bisa ga tsarin gyara

Don daidaita lissafin ranar shuka tsaba don shuka iri, kuna buƙatar sani:

• da tsawon girma da wani yanayi iri-iri,
• mafi kyau duka shekaru seedlings (days daga germination zuwa dasa a akai),
• yanayin girma (greenhouse, greenhouse, bude ƙasa),
• lokacin germination na tsaba, kwanaki,
• yanayin yankin (tsawon lokacin dumi da farkon lokacin sanyi-ba).

Seedlings na seleri, letas, lemun tsami da kabeji.

Wasu daga cikin sigogin da zaku samu akan jakar tsaba, wasu za'a iya samun su daga kundin adireshi, taswirar yanayin yankin, gundumar. Don ƙididdigar, kai tsaye yanke shawara a cikin wane yanayi ne al'adun za su girma a cikin bayan tsararrakin.

Dole ne a nuna sigogi masu zuwa akan jakar iri:

• sunan iri-iri, ko kuma matasan,
• yankin girma
• ranar shuka
• ranar disembarkation,
• iri iri.

Arama'idodin 2 na ƙarshe zasu zama jagorar ku a cikin lissafin. Yana da mahimmanci a sani ko an aiwatar da jiyya. Idan ba haka ba, ya kamata ka kula da tsaba ka da cututtuka da kwari da kanka. Seedsarancin ƙarancin ingancin zai jinkirta ci gaban shuka kuma zai iya zama cikin jinkiri tare da lokacin dasa shuki a kowane lokaci, ba don karɓar ko karɓar seedlingsan tsire-tsire ba sosai, da sauransu Don cike tebur na lissafin lissafi, da yawa sigogi da aka samo a kan gwaji za a buƙaci (tsawon lokacin girma, shekarun kayan lambu, da lokacin shuka).

Matsakaicin, tsawon lokacin girma yana nuna kullun akan kunshin tare da tsaba ko a cikin jerin karnuka na iri da irin kayan amfanin gona na kayan lambu. Mun dauki matsayin tushen wadatar bayanan:

• Tumatir -75 -140 kwanaki;
• zaki da barkono -80-140 kwana,
• Ruwan kwai -90-150 kwana.

Nagari seedling shekaru (mafi daidai siga aka nuna a kan fakiti iri):

• tumatir - kwanaki 45-50;
• tumatir na tsakiyar kaka - kwanaki 55-60;
• tumatir cikakke - kwanaki 70;
• barkono mai dadi -5-6-6;
• Eggplant - kwanaki 50-60.

Shuka daga seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings ya dogara da shiri na kayan ƙwayar: - jiyya tare da abubuwan haɓaka, shuka tare da zuriya ko bushe tsaba, da dai sauransu. Matsakaicin lokacin shuka yayi shine:

• tumatir - kwanaki 4-8;
• barkono mai dadi - kwanaki 12-14;
• kwai -10-12 kwana;
• farin kabeji - kwanaki 4-6.

Seedlings na kabeji.

Yana yiwuwa a sami amfanin gona a cikin lokacin da aka ƙaddara, kazalika da mika ɗanɗanar amfanin gonar. Don yin wannan, ana yin shuka iri a cikin matakai da yawa, tare da rata (dangane da al'adar) a cikin kwanaki 8-12-15. Don samun farkon girbin-girbi, za mu zaɓi farkon iri-iri da ya shuka shi da wuri-wuri, na samar da duk yanayin da ake buƙata (zafi, ruwa, sake sake haske, kayan miya). Akwai haɗarin rasa seedlings daga daskarewa, amma ingantaccen matsakaici na wucin gadi zai taimaka wajen adana seedlings da samun karin girbi da wuri.

Shuka seedlings don dindindin yana tasiri a lokacin shuka tsaba don shuka. Idan muka dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, to, kuna buƙatar sanin farkon lokacin bazara mai sanyi-daidai gwargwado. Ga yankin tsakiyar Rasha (yanki na Moscow, Ufa, Chelyabinsk), wannan shine lokacin daga 10.06. Don yanki mai sanyi, yana rufe Perm, Yekaterinburg, lokacin sanyi ba zai fara ba a ranar 15.06. A matakin Voronezh da Saratov, an kafa kullun yanayi mai sanyi daga 1.05 kuma a kudu (Rostov, Krasnodar) - daga 10.04.

Kafaffen dumamen zai kasance da tasiri mai tasiri a kan yanayin kasar gona, zai fara dumama. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin shuka a cikin fim na greenhouses da hotbeds ba tare da dumama kullun ba. Ta hanyar kwanakin da ke sama, ƙasa don shuka ya kamata ya yi zafi har zuwa 10 ... + 14 ° С a cikin Layer 10 cm. A cikin ƙasa mai sanyi, shuka shine mafi kyawun jinkiri. Masu binciken da ke shiga cikin fasahar kere kere na kayan lambu sun yi imanin cewa mafi inganci ne a dasa shuki da ya fi gajere girma.

A cewar tebur. 3 muna lissafin kwanan shuka tsaba na tumatir na farko don shuka bisa ga tsarin canji.

1. Ranar dasa shuki a fili ga Moscow da yankin shine Yuni 15.
2. Mafi kyau duka seedling shekaru 50 ne. Dangane da mafi kyawun sigogi, seedlings a wannan lokacin ya kamata ya zama cm 25-30 a tsayi, ganye da aka kafa na 5-7, diamita na kara bai zama ƙasa da mm mm 6-8 da inflorescences na fure. Idan tsire-tsire suna da irin waɗannan alamun, amma har yanzu suna da kwanaki 44 kacal, ana iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa tare da alamun da ke sama na karɓar karɓa na ƙasa. Idan ƙasa ba ta daɗaɗa ba kuma yanayin bai yi sanyi ba, to, zaku iya rage yawan ruwa da rage zafin jiki a cikin takin zamani (dakatar da haɓaka seedling) ko dasa shi a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar yin matsuguni na ɗan lokaci (alal misali, yi amfani da shimfiɗa na spandbond sau biyu).
3. Daga ranar 15 ga Yuni, za mu rage yawan seedling (kwana 50) ta hanyar kidaya. Mun samu ranar ne a ranar 27 ga Afrilu.
4. cire ƙwayar lokacin tsiro (kwanaki 7). Mun sami ranar 20 ga Afrilu.
5. Rage lokacin karbuwa idan aka girma da zuriyarta ta amfani da kayan dako (1 + 4 = 5 kwana). Mun sami ranar a ranar 15 ga Afrilu.

Seedlings da barkono.

An samo shi ta hanyar lissafi, kwanakin shuka iri don shuka gaba ɗaya ya zo daidai da bayanai a cikin Table 1 (matsakaicin sigogi na shuka iri da aka samu a cikin shekaru da yawa na gwaninta), amma sun fi daidai.