Shuka kamar soyasai (Passiflora) ana kuma kiranta "tauraruwar cavalier" ko "flowerflower ". Yana da alaƙa da kai tsaye ga asalin kishin iyali, wanda ake karanta nau'in 400-500 na tsire-tsire iri-iri. Ana iya samo su a cikin yanayi a cikin yankunan Amurka na wurare masu zafi (Peru da Brazil), a Ostiraliya, Asiya, da kuma a cikin Rum. Za a iya ganin nau'ikan 1 na mura a Madagascar. An kafa Passiflora daga kalmomin Latin "passio" - wahala da "flos" - fure. Don haka, sun kira furen, wanda ya isa Kudancin Amurka, mishaneri na farko, tunda sun ɗauka cewa wannan shuka alama ce ta wahalar Yesu Kristi. Na biyu sunan "passionflower" Hakanan yana da alaƙa da wannan:
A daren nan lokacin da jinin Kristi ke zubowa
(Mutanen suna da labari game da wannan) -
Ya fari yi fari a inuwar gicciye
Sabili da haka ana kiran shi fure mai so.
Sanarwa Passiflora
Wannan fure na iya zama ko dai tsiro mai tsiro ko kuma hawa dutsen daji mai hawa. Wannan shekara-shekara ko perennial shuka ya lignified harbe. M ganye mai haske koren ganye na iya zama da kauri ko lobed. A kan shinge mai tsayi, maimakon furannin furanni masu tsayi na hoto mai kama da tauraro, suna da launi mai haske, suna girma. Diamita na irin wannan fure mai ban mamaki shine santimita 10. Irin wannan fure yana karanta ganyen fure 5 (gwargwadon adadin raunin Kristi), kamar yadda ɗambin kabamai da yawa, akwai manyan bracts masu yawa, kuma a cikin tsakiyar akwai kwayar ciki tare da stigmas 3. A kusa da waɗannan ƙwayoyin kwayoyi daidai ne 5 stamens tare da anthers na babban girman. Yawancin jinsunan suna da furanni masu kamshi sosai, amma suna bushe da sauri. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an lura da fure a Yuli-Oktoba. Bayan fure, an samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, wanda ya kai tsawon santimita 6. A yawancin jinsunan, ana iya cin irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Wannan tsiron yana girma sosai cikin sauri kuma a sarari, saboda haka ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu noman fure waɗanda suka girma dashi kamar dilan.
Kulawar Passiflora a gida
Haske da sanya wuri
Wannan inji kawai yana buƙatar kyakkyawan haske. Sabili da haka, an ba da shawarar sanya shi a kan windowsill windows na daidaituwa na kudu. A cikin lokacin dumi, in ya yiwu, dole ne a canja shi zuwa sabon iska. Gaskiyar ita ce sha'awar ƙwayar cuta ta tsiro a cikin talauci kuma tana haɓakawa a cikin ɗaki mai iska mai iska. Koyaya, wanda ya isa ya manta cewa tsire-tsire ya mayar da martani ga zayyana ko kuma canjin zafin jiki.
Yanayin Zazzabi
Passiflora mara kyau yana mayar da martani ga tsananin zafi. Don haka, a lokacin bazara, yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa yawan zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin bai wuce digiri 30 ba. A cikin hunturu, shuka yana da lokacin wahala, a lokacin sa dole ne a sake shirya shi a wurin da zafin jiki ba zai wuce digiri 10-14 ba.
Yadda ake ruwa
Yana da Dole ruwa a shuka da tsari, yayin jiran jiran bushewar ƙasa kada ta kasance. Koyaya, ruwan da ya wuce ruwan da gilashi a cikin kwanon rufi dole ne a drained.
Haushi
Ana buƙatar zafi mai zafi. Don yin wannan, ya kamata a ɗanɗaɗa ɗan ganye kowace rana daga mai toya da maraice, haka kuma sau ɗaya a mako don shirya ɗumi mai dumi don shuka (kawai a cikin watanni na lokacin zafi), yayin da ake aiwatar da wannan hanyar a hankali sosai don kada ta lalata harbe.
Turawa
Wajibi ne a aiwatar da pruning a shekara. Wannan yana ƙarfafa ci gaban duka daji da kansa da sabbin rassa. A cikin bazara, 1/3 na bara na sakandare mai tushe ya kamata a yanke zuwa 1/3, tunda furanni sun bayyana ne kawai a kan harbe matasa. Hakanan a lokacin rani, dole ne a cire harbe da suka girma a gindin tsirran. Lokacin da passiflora ya ƙare, zai zama dole don datsa dogon, m, sakandare mai tushe wanda ke lalata bayyanar daji. Ragowar mai tushe dole ne a yanka zuwa ¾ na tsawon su. Kuna buƙatar fara danganta bushes bayan shuka ya kai shekaru 3.
Taki
A cikin lokacin daga Fabrairu zuwa Satumba, kuna buƙatar ciyar da shuka a kai a kai sau 2 a wata. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai yayin ciyar da su madadin. Ana amfani da takin mai magani bayan an yi amfani da ruwa na farko kawai. Dole ne a zaba takin tare da irin wannan rabo na abubuwan N-P-K = 10-5-20. Anyi shawarar 1 a cikin watanni 1.5 daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba don ciyar da fure ta hanya mara kyau. Ba shi yiwuwa a takin furanni idan ba shi da lafiya, a lokacin dammar ko bayan an canza shi zuwa wani wuri mai yanayin da ba a sani ba.
Lokacin hutawa
Don yawan furanni masu ɗorewa da tsawo, shuka kawai yana buƙatar tsawon lokaci. Don yin wannan, tukunyar ya kamata a sake shirya shi a cikin wani wuri mai sanyin kyau, misali, a cikin loggia mai dumi ko a cikin veranda. A wannan lokacin, ba lallai ba ne don haskaka, takin ko sanya furen. Watering ya kamata wanda bai isa ba kuma ba zai yi yawa ba. Kar ku damu idan ganye da yawa suka faɗi, saboda wannan al'ada ce. Idan ba zai yiwu a samar da shuka da lokacin sanyi ba, ba za su iya yin haƙuri da shi ba kuma su kula da shi, kamar yadda ake yi a lokacin dumama. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, mai yiwuwa ɗanɗano zai juya launin shuɗi ya fara mutuwa, kuma wannan tsari ne na halitta gaba ɗaya.
Siffofin Girma
Don harbe wannan shuka, ya zama dole don samar da goyon baya mai ƙarfi sosai. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar aika da mai tushe a kai a kai a cikin hanyar da kuke buƙata. Wannan ya kamata a yi shi a kan kari, saboda saurin girma harbe lignify a wani babban high gudu, kuma mutane da yawa ganye, buds da furanni muhimmanci wahalar da su kuma sa su m.
Juyawa
Samfurorun samari na buƙatar dasawa shekara-shekara, kuma manya na buƙatar sake dasa shi sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 2 ko 3. Wannan hanya ana aiwatar da ita a farkon lokacin bazara kuma kafin hakan, dole a yanke duk abubuwan da suka gabata na bara. Ana amfani da karfin dasawa ba mai girma sosai ba, wanda zai samar da fure mai tsayi da yawa. In ba haka ba, kawai kore taro zai yi ƙarfi sosai. Cakudawar ƙasa mai dacewa ya ƙunshi madaidaitan hannun jari na ganye, Turf da ƙasar Peat, har da yashi. Wajibi ne a canza shi ta hanyar nutsuwa, a gwada kar a lalata turbar mahakar.
Cutar da kwari
Aphids, mealybugs, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, thrips ko whiteflies zasu iya rayuwa akan wannan shuka. Duk wasu kwari banda mealybugs ana iya kashe su ta hanyoyin kamar Fitoverm, Aktellik ko Aktar. Hanyar da cypermethrin zata taimaka kawar da mealybugs, misali, "Emperor", "Arrivo" ko "Inta-vir".
Passiflora yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban, saboda haka yana iya kamuwa da cuta: zobe, ƙwayar cuta ko launin ruwan kasa, matsanancin ƙoshin iska, scab, root rot, fusarium ko ƙwayar mosaic rawaya. Kusan ba zai yiwu a warkar da tsire-tsire daga irin waɗannan cututtuka ba. Dangane da wannan, masana sun bada shawarar rusa shi tare da karfin da ya girma, don hana kamuwa da cutar ta wasu launuka.
Kaddarorin
Kindan Adam ya daɗe yana sane da kyan kayan aikin wannan tsiro. Don haka, Incas ya shirya shayi tare da sha'awar sha'awa, wanda ke da tasiri mai gamsarwa. Kudaden da aka shirya daga irin wannan fure ta hanyar shafa jikin mutum a hankali suna yin bacci mafi kyau da tsayi, yayin da bayan farka mutum ba ya jin daɗi.
Koyaya, itaciyar bata da tasiri kawai, tana kuma sauƙaƙa rabe-rabe da cramps, tana kawar da kumburi, kyakkyawan shaƙatawa ne, yana inganta iko, ƙwaƙwalwa da aiki. Nagari don juyayi da damuwa. Wannan fure yana da ikon rama sakamakon tasirin amphetamine a jikin mutum, saboda haka ana yawan amfani dashi wurin maganin shaye-shaye da kuma jarabar shan kwayoyi.
Wannan shuka ana kuma yaba da gaskiyar cewa shirye-shiryen da aka shirya daga gare ta ba su da illa, kuma ba ma yin jaraba. Ana amfani dasu don bi da mutane na kowane zamani.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Passiflora za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar cuttings ko tsaba.
Lokacin shuka tsaba, ya kamata a haifa da cewa sabo ne aka girbe - suna da ƙimar germin talatin bisa dari, kuma a bara - suna da 1 ko 2 bisa dari. Shuka da tsaba ne da za'ayi a ƙarshen hunturu farkon lokacin bazara. Ana buƙatar Scarification, don wannan an lalata labulen iri tare da kyakkyawan sandpaper. Sannan a zuba su da ruwa mai tsafta na kimanin kwanaki 2 (kimanin digiri 25). Ya kamata a cire sauran ragowar ciyawar, kamar yadda ba su yi kama ba.
Shuka tsaba a farfajiyar ƙasa kuma matsi kadan a ciki. Germination yana buƙatar zafi 100%. Don yin wannan, an rufe akwati tare da gilashin ko fim, saka a wuri mai kyau (hasken da aka watsa) da kuma kula da yawan zafin jiki a matakin digiri 20 zuwa 25. Bayan ƙwayawar shuka, dole ne a cire tsari, kuma seedlings za su buƙaci ƙarin fallasa don ƙirƙirar sa'o'in hasken rana na sa'o'i 12. Bayan bayyanar waɗannan ganyayyaki, kuna buƙatar ɗauka. Yi ƙoƙarin barin ƙurawar dunƙule ta zauna kuma ba zurfafa shuka ba. Seedlings na iya bayyana 1-12 bayan shuka, kuma irin wannan babbar sha'awa za ta fara yin fure ba tare da wuce shekaru 8 ba.
An yanke yankan daga matashin bazara mai tushe. Yakamata su sami ma'aunin girma da aƙalla ƙasashe biyu na ganye. Guda biyu na ganye, waɗanda ke ƙasa, suna kwance. Ya kamata a kula da yanki din a cikin wakili mai karfafawa. Ana yin Layer magudanar a cikin tanki kuma ana zuba chernozem da ƙasa turf a ciki (1: 1). Fensir yana buƙatar yin baƙin ciki zuwa ƙarshen tanki. Sanya sandunan a cikinsu, wanda ya sa ganyen ya kasance sama da ƙasa (kwance akan ƙasa). Danshi da abin canzawa da yin karamin shinkafa (rufe tsarin arched tare da fim ko saka jakar filastik). Muna buƙatar iska mai mintuna biyar yau da kullun, kula da ƙasa cikin rigar, kazalika da zazzabi na 21. Bayan makonni 3, an cire tsari. An sake dasa tsirarran itace cikin tukwane na dindindin. Hakanan ana yin dutsen a cikin kwalbar ruwa (wani gawayi ya kamata a saukar dashi a ciki). Sanya sandunan kuma jira tushen ya bayyana na kimanin watanni 1.5-2. Kar a canza ruwan.
Babban nau'ikan
Ble Edi Pass Edi if (Passiflora edulis)
Wannan shine mafi mashahuri ra'ayi tsakanin masu lambu. A gida, ana kiran wannan fure Granadilla, kuma wannan yana cikin Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay da Brazil. Furen an yi fentin cikin fararen launi mai mau kirim. An yi 'ya'yan itace zagaye ko' ya 'ya' ya 'yan' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' kafaffun ne ake kafawa, suna kai tsawon santimita 6 kuma suna da wari mai karfi da daɗi. Ana amfani da su don yin abubuwan sha da masu leɓo daban-daban. Mafi kyawun sanannun suna ga wannan nau'in shine 'ya'yan itace mai so.
Passiflora shudi (Passiflora caerulea)
Wannan inji kuma quite sau da yawa girma a gida. Abu ne mai cike da farin ciki har da harbe-harbe. A lokacin furanni, fure mai kamshi daya bayyana. Suna da launi mai launin palo, launin shuɗi-kore ko shunayya, ƙaddarar su kuma kusan santimita 10 ne. Akwai nau'ikan furanni waɗanda aka fentin furanni masu launin ja ko ruwan hoda. 'Ya'yan itacen itace' ya'yan itacen orange ne, sun kai tsawon santimita 7. Ana samun irin wannan shuka a cikin Andes (kudancin Argentina), a cikin Paraguay, Brazil, da kuma a Peru. Wannan nau'in ya fara girma a ƙarni na 16.
Neman kula da Mallaki (Passiflora mollissima)
Ko banana passiflora - wanda aka samo a cikin yanayi a Colombia, Bolivia da Venezuela. Tana da furanni masu launin shuɗi (diamita 12 santimita) furanni. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ƙoshin fulawa ne, masu kamshi sosai, a cikin tsarinsu akwai ɗimbin kwayoyin halitta. Wannan nau'in, ba kamar sauran ba, yana da ikon samun yalwar riga a cikin shekara ta 1 na rayuwa. Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai tsananin sanyi, wanda baya jin tsoron rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa digiri 2.
Passiflora laurelifolia (Passiflora laurifolia)
Gida na ƙasar Brazil ne. Ganyen irin wannan tsiron yayi kama da laurel, amma sun fi girma.
Passiflora incarnata
Ko dai nama mai launin ja-ja, kuma ana kiranta apricot liana - tsayinsa na iya zama mita 6-10. Furen furanni za'a iya fentin su a cikin launuka daban-daban, amma mafi yawan launuka masu launin shuɗi. 'Ya'yan lemun tsami na lemun tsami suna da daɗi kuma suna da ɗan acidity. Wannan nau'in yana da kaddarorin warkarwa, alal misali, an shirya shayi na magani daga bushe bushe da ganye don rashin bacci, neurosis, amai da sauran cututtuka.
Passiflora gracilis
Brazilasar Gina ta Brazil, wannan shekara yana da harbe-gyaren silin, ganyayyaki mai faɗi-uku-ovate waɗanda aka watsa su cikin ƙaƙa uku. Akwai furanni guda ɗaya, masu zane a cikin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. 'Ya'yan itacen itace ne da aka yi zane da yawa tare da jan launi.
Kafa uku-uku (Passiflora trifasciata)
Ta fito ne daga Peru kuma ta sami sunan ta godiya ga nau'ikan launuka 3 na shunayya masu launin da ke gefen gaban ganye uku. Gefen da ba daidai ba shine ja-violet. An yanke harbe-harbe, kuma ana fentin furanni cikin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. A diamita, sun kai 4 ko 5 santimita. 'Ya'yan itacen itace mai fure ne mai walƙiya, wanda ya kai santimita 2.5 a tsayi. Tsirrai na wannan nau'in suna da ƙanshin musamman wanda yake kama da kayan zaki.
Passiflora quadrangularis (Passiflora quadrangularis)
Wannan itace itaciyar mafi girma na dukkan sha'awa. Gashinkan sa na iya kaiwa tsawon mita 15 a tsayi. Ganyen yana da kyau a cikin launi mai zurfi na kore. Furanni suna da girman girman, sun kai diamita na 15 santimita. Manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa sun kai santimita 30 a tsayin daka kuma suna da danshi mai daɗi, mai daɗin kyan gani, har da ɗanɗano mai kauri. Koyaya, a gida, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da wuya. Shuka da irin wannan ji mafi kyau a cikin greenhouses.
Baya ga nau'in da aka ambata, fure na girma a gida: fuka-fuki, shuɗi-fure, mai canzawa, ƙamshi mai gogewa da kuma ƙwayar Imperatrice Eugenic, wanda ke da manyan furanni masu launin shuɗi.
