Tsarin tsiro na tsiro na Araba (Arabis), wanda kuma ake magana a kai a matsayin daji, wakili ne na dangi ko kuma kabeji. Wannan nau'in halittar ya hada da nau'ikan halittu sama da 100. A cikin daji, ana iya samun irin wannan shuka a wuraren da ke da yanayin Yanayi na Arewa, har ma a cikin tsaunukan Afirka na wurare masu zafi. Ba a bayyane daidai yadda kuma daga ina sunan Latin wannan shuka ba. Sun kira shi rezukha saboda an rufe daji da gashi mai wuya, wanda za'a iya ji masa rauni cikin sauki. Fiye da ƙarni biyu ke yin amfani da Arab. A cikin zane-zanen ƙasa, waɗannan furanni suna ƙawata furen furanni da masu haɗuwa, da rabatka, kan iyakoki da tsaunukan tsaunuka.
Fasalin larabawa
Arabis ana noma shi azaman shekara shekara ko na shekara. Ana amfani dashi azaman murhun ƙasa, tunda yana da mayuka, Tushen tushe. Tsawon daji bai wuce mita 0.3 ba. A farfajiya na faranti na ganye akwai laushi mai laushi, siffarsu tana da kama da zuciya, suna da kauri, wani lokacin ma suna da bakin ciki. Ba manya-manyan inflorescences na tsere tsere sun kunshi furanni biyu ko mai sauki ba, sun kai girman 15 mm, ana iya fentin su da fararen fari, shuɗi, ruwan hoda ko shunayya. Yawancin furanni na shuka shine tsawon lokaci, kuma yana farawa a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. The inflorescence emits mai dadi sosai ƙanshi, wanda janyo hankalin mai yawa ƙudan zuma ga gonar. 'Ya'yan itacen itace kwafsa ne a ciki wanda akwai ƙwaya mai siffar ɗakin kwana. Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyi tare da tsaba mai fiɗa. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da alaƙa da horseradish, kabeji, Iberis, alissum, colza, mustard, radish da sauran wakilan dangi na gicciye. Yana da ƙ warin kamshi ba kawai, amma ingantacce ne ga yanayin girma.
Girma arabis daga tsaba
Shuka
Arabis abu ne mai sauqi kuma mai sauƙi don girma daga tsaba, wanda zaku iya siyayya a cikin shagunan musamman, cibiyoyin lambu ko a nunin furanni. Shuka tsaba za a iya yi kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude a karkashin hunturu a watan Oktoba. Hakanan zaka iya shuka itace ta hanyar shuka, a cikin abin da kake buƙatar shuka tsaba a watan Afrilu. Don yin wannan, cika kwantena ko kwalaye tare da cakuda ƙasa wadda ta ƙunshi gonar lambu da ƙananan duwatsu ko yashi (3: 1). Tsaba suna buƙatar binne shi a cikin substrate ta rabin santimita kawai, sannan sai a sanya kwandon a wurin da yawan zafin jiki na kusan digiri 20. Don haɓaka ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, dole ne a rufe kwalin da kayan da ba a saka ba, alal misali, agrospan.
Shuka seedlings
Bayan makonni 3-3.5 bayan bayyanar seedlings, an cire matsuguni, yayin da dole ne a rage ruwa. Seedlings bukatar a canja shi zuwa wani wuri mai dumi da-lit. Kula da wannan seedling ba zai zama da wahala. Abin sani kawai ana buƙatar shayar da shi lokacin da ya cancanta, kazalika da tsari a hankali a hankali kwance kwas ɗin cikin substrate.
Zaba
Lokacin da farantin ganye na farko na farko ya bayyana a cikin tsire-tsire, ya zama dole don tara su, amma kawai idan zaku yi girma ƙwanƙwasa, a matsayin shuka daban. Don yin wannan, ana shuka tsiron a cikin kofuna ɗaya ko kuma a dasa shi a nesa na aƙalla 0.3 m. A cikin abin da kuka yi niyyar amfani da wannan furen kamar ƙasa, to, ba kwa buƙatar nutsar da shi. Kwanaki 10-12 kafin dasawa arabis cikin ƙasa bude, ya wajaba don magance shi. Don yin wannan, ana canja tsire-tsire zuwa titin kullun, yayin da tsawon lokacin ayyukan hardening dole ne a ƙara hankali. Lokacin da fure suka kasance a cikin sabo iska, samar musu da ingantaccen kariya daga zayyana. Bayan tsire-tsire sun saba da sabon yanayin, ana iya shuka su a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa.
Saukowa arabis a bude yake
Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa
Dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa bude dole ne a yi a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu ko na farkon watan Yuni, amma ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa tsire-tsire dole ne a kalla fararen ganye uku. Mafi kyawun rukunin wuri don saukowa na biyu zai zama wanda ke da isasshen haske kuma iska tana hurawa. Koyaya, ana iya dasa shi a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa, amma ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa a wannan yanayin furen dajin zai kasance yalwatacce, kuma ba za su yi girma sosai ba.
Yadda ake sauka
Suitableasan da ta dace da dasa shuki ya zama yashi, sako-sako, ba rigar sosai, cike take da ma'adinai da abubuwan sarrafa abubuwa, an tsabtace ciyawar ciyawa a hankali. Don haɓaka iska da danshi na ƙasa, ana bada shawara don ƙara ƙananan pebbles, yashi da ciyawa a ciki. Koyaya, idan aka girma Arabis cikin ƙasa mara kyau ta acidic ko ƙasa mai sanyi, bazai mutu ba, amma bazai yi girma sosai ba. Tsarin dasa shuki na 0.4x0.4 m. A cikin rami ɗaya, zaku iya dasa tsire 3 ko 4 a lokaci daya. Amfanin gona da aka shuka yana buƙatar yawan shayarwa. A cikin taron cewa ba a hadu da ƙasa kafin shuka ba, to, kwanaki 1-2 bayan wannan hanya, tabbatar a ciyar da ciyawar da takin ma'adinan mai cakuda. Farkon furanni za'a iya gani kawai a shekara ta biyu na rayuwa.
Kula da arabis a gonar
Ya kamata a kula da aikin gona kamar yadda yawancin tsire-tsire na talakawa suke. Ana buƙatar shayar da shi, sako, ciyar da shi, datsa shi a kan kari, kuma don sassauta farfajiyar shafin da kuma kula da lafiya. Irin wannan fure yana da tsayayya wa fari, kuma ya fi kyau a bayar da hankali fiye da cikawa. Kuma wannan yana nufin cewa ya kamata a shirya shayarwa kawai idan akwai tsawon lokacin bushewa. Ka tuna cewa shayarwa ya kamata ya zama matsakaici.
A farkon rayuwarsa, larabawa yana buƙatar tabbatar da 'yanci daga ciyawar sako, don wannan, ana buƙatar ɗaukar weah akai. Koyaya, lokaci zuwa lokaci, fure zaiyi ƙarfi kuma zai “lalata” ciyawar. Dole ne a girka mai tushe mai saurin girma don kiyaye tsabtar tsire. Cire lokacin furanni wanda ya fara lalacewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga fure mai tsayi.
Arabis kiwo
Kuna iya yaduwar suturar ta hanyar tsaba, kuma ta hanyar hanyoyin ciyayi kamar yadda ake yanke itace, yanka da rarraba daji. Game da girma wannan fure daga tsaba an bayyana shi cikin babban daki-daki a sama. Yanke na iya yaduwar terry ko kuma irin nau'ikan rezuki. A wannan yanayin, ciyawar itace farantin ganye tare da diddige, wanda shine ɓangare na Layer na cambial. Tushen zai yi girma daga wannan Layer. Don samun ganyen “daidai”, yakamata ku tsallake farantin ganye daga daji tare da wani mutum don haka ɓangare na fashe haushi tare da naman ɗan adam ya raba tare da shi. Ana aiwatar da yankan girbi a ƙarshen fure. Idan ana so, saman tushe za a iya ɗauka azaman tushe, tsawonsa ya zama santimita 10, kuma dukkanin faranti waɗanda ke ƙasa dole ne a tsage su. An dasa ganyen a cikin cakuda ƙasa mai kwance a wani kusurwa, to dole ne a rufe kwandon da hula, wanda yakamata a bayyana. A sakamakon karamin-greenhouse ya kamata a sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai-lit, wanda ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye. A kasar gona ya kamata kullum dan kadan m. Yankan kuma suna buƙatar samun iska mai tsari, kuma dole ne a cire ruwan condensate daga farfajiyar mafaka. Bayan farfadowa da turgor na babba fararen faranti ya faru, zai iya yiwuwa a fara dasa ganyen a cikin lambun.
Don samun farashi, ya kamata ka zaɓi ƙaƙƙarfan itace kuma ka lanƙwasa zuwa saman shafin. Gyaran wannan tushe a cikin wannan wurin a cikin yankin kumburin ganye kuma kar ku manta da tsunkule saman. Bayan matasa Tushen girma daga kumburi na ganye, za a iya yanke yadudduka daga mahaifiyar daji kuma a dasa su a cikin dindindin.
Idan kayi girma terry ko rarest iri-iri na arabis, to a wannan yanayin ana bada shawarar yada shi ta hanyar rarraba daji. Cire daji daga ƙasa, raba shi zuwa sassa da yawa, waɗanda zaku dasa cikin sababbin wurare na dindindin. Propagate fure a wannan hanyar, ana bada shawara kawai a ƙarshen fure.
Juyawa
Yana yiwuwa a yadu da suturar ta hanyar rarraba daji, kuma ba tare da cire shi daga ƙasa ba. Don yin wannan, ya zama dole don filanta harbe har zuwa saman shafin kuma jira tushen ya girma daga nodes na ganye. Sa'an nan, an rabu da itace daga daji na iyaye. Suna buƙatar rarrabasu zuwa kashi bisa ga adadin ɓarin tushen. Sannan suna zaune a wurare na dindindin.
Cutar da kwari
Rezukha yana da tsayayya sosai ga cututtuka da kwari iri-iri. Koyaya, da wuya ka iya samun hotan hoto ko kwayar cutar ƙwalla da ƙyar na iya warware ta. Idan ƙananan aibobi na launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana akan faranti na ganye, wanda ke ƙaruwa tsawon lokaci har sai sun haɗu da juna, wannan yana nuna cewa tsiron yana kamuwa da mosaic hoto mai hoto. Wannan yanayin ba zai iya warkewa ba, don haka ya kamata a cire shi daga ƙasa ya lalace. Yankin da fure mai kamuwa da cuta ya zama dole ne a zubar dashi da mafita mai ƙarfi na potassiumgangan. A wannan wuri, babu abin da za a iya shukawa aƙalla shekara 1.
Idan gwanaye mai ƙyalli ya sauka a kan dajin, to sai ya rufe su da tokar itace zai zama ingantaccen aiki kuma mai matukar aiki ne. A irin waɗannan halayen, ana bada shawarar fesa bushes tare da Aktara, Karbofos, Aktellik, Biotlin ko Iskra.
Larabawa bayan fure
Tarin iri
Lokacin da creeper yayi fure, kuna buƙatar zaɓar mafi girman inflorescences kuma jera su. Bayan sanyi na farko, zai yuwu a fara tattara tsaba, domin wannan an zaɓi rana mai bushewa. Gaskiyar ita ce idan kun tattara tsaba a ranar ruwa, za su sami ɗan saurin inzali. Da farko kuna buƙatar yanke inflorescences tare da wani ɓangare na harba. An rataye su a cikin iska mai kyau kuma jira har sai sun bushe. Sa'an nan ana fitar da tsaba daga inflorescences kuma sanya shi a cikin kwali, wanda aka adana a bushe, duhu.
Ana shirin hunturu
Ba tare da tsari ba, irin wannan fure zai iya tsayayya da zazzabi na azzage digiri na 5-7. Idan yawan zafin jiki na iska ya ragu har ma da ƙasa, wannan zai haifar da mutuwar ƙarancin jiki. Tare da farkon sanyi, ya zama dole don datsa mai tushe, yayin da sassan su kasance a farfajiya tare da tsawon 20-40 mm. Sannan shafin ya rufe da dunƙule na ganyayyaki, kuma zaku iya rufe shi da kayan rufe ko rassan spruce.
Nauyoyi da nau'ikan arabis tare da hotuna da sunaye
Da ke ƙasa za a bayyana waɗancan nau'ikan da nau'ikan da suka fi shahara tsakanin masu lambu.
Alkawari larabawa (larabawa harafi = Arabis flaviflora)
A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya samun wannan nau'in a arewacin Scandinavia, a tsaunukan Yammacin Turai da Arewacin Amurka, har ma a gabashin Gabas da Yankin Yankin Yamma. Tsawon irin wannan tsiro na zamani zai iya kai mita 0.35. Jigilar mai tushe ta hauhawa, kuma ciyawa masu kamannin ciyawa suna matse ta ga kasar, suna reshe mai karfi, basa mutuwa a lokacin hunturu kuma suna samar da matashin kai kamar labule. Siffar faranti na ganye farantin zuciya ne, kuma basal ɗin yana da kyau. Abubuwan inflorescences na tseren tseren suna kusan mm 50, sun ƙunshi furanni masu ƙanshi tare da girman 10 mm, wanda za'a iya fentin fari ko ruwan hoda. Fulawa ya fara a cikin watan Afrilu kuma zai ɗauki tsawon makonni 4. Lamburan lambun:
- Sneeshaube. Tsawon daji ba ya wuce mita 0.25. Tsawon tseren tserewa na tserewar game da santimita 15, sun ƙunshi manyan (diamita 20 mm) fararen furanni.
- Terry. Inflorescences sun fi girma girma idan aka kwatanta da na asali, suma suna kama da na hagu.
- Ruwan hoda. Tsawon daji bai wuce mita 0.2 ba. Tsawon inflorescences shine game da santimita 12, suna hade da furanni ruwan hoda, kusan milimita 20 a diamita.
Abubuwan da ke sama suna bayyana saukowa da tashiwar arabis.
Arabis bryoides
Wurin haifan irin wannan tsiron shi ne yanki mai ruwan tsayi da na subalpine na tsaunukan Girka, Albania da Bulgaria. Wannan tsiron da aka shuka tare da nau'in matashin kai wanda ya yi daidai da santimita 10. A farfajiya na karamin ciliated m ganye faranti akwai ji pubescence, suna tattara a cikin soket. Loose corymbose inflorescences kunshi 3-6 fararen furanni.
Arab Caucasian (Arab Arab caucasica)
A cewar wasu masana kimiyya, wannan tsiro wani reshe ne na Alpanin arabis. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya haɗuwa da shi a cikin Crimea, Asiaan Asiya, Caucasus da Rum. A lokacin furanni, tsayin wannan tsararren tsiron zai iya kaiwa zuwa 0.3 m Smallanan ƙaramin faranti na ganye tare da manyan hakora a gefen gefen suna da ɗimbin farin fari, daga abin da launinsu ke kama da launin kore-mai launin toka. Inflorescences na nau'in tseren tsere a tsawon sa sun kai 8 santimita, sun ƙunshi fararen furanni, diamita wanda shine 15 mm. Fulawa ya fara a cikin Yuni kuma zai ɗauki tsawon makonni 4. Koyaya, kowane furanni na iya yin fure a daji har zuwa faɗuwar rana. 'Ya'yan itace ƙarancin kunkuntar ne. Noma tun 1800. Tsarin lambun:
- Flora fursuna. Furannin fure, furanni biyu na fararen launi suna kan dogayen falo.
- Variegata. Tare da gefen farantin ganye mai launin shuɗi ne.
- Rosabella. Launin furanni ruwan hoda ne.
Ma'aikata na Arabis
A dabi'a, wannan nau'in yana girma a cikin Balkans. Tsawon irin wannan murhun ƙasa ya kai kimanin santimita 12. Akwai ƙananan faren buɗe ido da furanni na launin shuɗi. Sau da yawa ana amfani da irin wannan nau'in don tabbatar da ragowa na rami. An bambanta wannan nau'in ta unpretentiousness da sanyi juriya, amma a lokaci guda ana bada shawara don rufe shi don hunturu. Mafi mashahuri iri-iri ne Variegata: furannin ganye na ganye suna da iyaka mai launin fari, an tattara furanni masu launin shuɗi a cikin tarin launuka, launinsu suna canzawa zuwa fararen lokaci.
Kawancen Larabawa (Arabis pumila)
A cikin daji, ana iya samun irin wannan shuka a cikin Alps da Apennines. Tsawon daji kusan santimita 15 ne. Fentin furanni mara nauyi yana fenti fari. Fulawa yana farawa a watan Mayu ko Yuni. A cikin wannan nau'in, ba furanni masu ado bane, amma 'ya'yan itace, saboda wanda lambu ke girma dashi.
Arabis da kuma Prosperous (Arabis darosacea)
A yanayin, ana samun wannan nau'in a nisan nisan mita 2300 sama da matakin teku a tsaunin Turkiyya. Tsawon wannan tsararren tsiro yana daga santimita 5 zuwa 10. Includedan ƙaramin fararen oval mai siffa-faranti an haɗa su a cikin kantukan. Loose corymbose inflorescences kunshi farin furanni.
Citil da larabawa (Arabis blepharophylla)
A cikin yanayin, ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin duwatsun California a tsauni na 500 mita sama da matakin teku. Wannan murfin da aka dasa na ƙasa ya kai tsayin santimita 8, yayin da diamita na daji ya kai kimanin 0.25 m. Launi na ganye ya zama launin kore-launin toka, furanni kuma duhu ruwan hoda. Popular iri:
- Matsalar Tafiya. Fuskokin ganye suna daɗaɗɗuwa, kuma launi na furanni ruwan hoda mai zurfi.
- Frulingshaber. Daji yana da ƙananan ganye da furanni masu ruwan hoda.
Arabis Ferdinand na Coburg Variegat (Arabis ferdinandi-coburgii "Variegata")
Tsawon irin wannan tsirarren bishiyun-bishiyoyi ba ya wuce mm 50, kuma diamitarsa na iya kaiwa zuwa 0.3 m. An shirya faranti masu launin fure mai launin shuɗi, farar fata ko ruwan hoda mai haske. Launin furanni fari fari. Wurin matashin kai na filayen ganye suna da kyau sosai. Idan akwai magudanar ruwa mai kyau, to wannan nau'in zai iya tsayayya da yanayin matsakaici.
