Dadi ko barkono mai ƙwanƙwasa shine tsire-tsire mai ƙauna da zafi kuma yana ɗaukar hoto, amma yana da fa'idodi masu yawa. Baya ga launuka masu haske, 'ya'yan itatuwa, wanda zaku iya yi wa kayan ado kwalliyar kwalliya, barkono tayi alfahari da kasancewar bitamin, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa.
Zabi na barkono tsaba da shuka
Don girma barkono da samun ingantaccen girbi, kuna buƙatar kulawa da shi yadda yakamata. Amma, da farko, zabar tsaba iri ɗaya ko wata, yana da bukata mai da hankali kan yanayin girma. Zai iya zama:
- Kasa bude;
- Greenary na tsaye;
- Gida na wucin gadi;
Girma barkono a cikin gidan shinkafa kyakkyawan zaɓi ne a cikin ƙasa mai shinge mai daɗi a gare shi. Kodayake yana girma da kyau a cikin ƙasa bude.
Lokacin da aka zaɓi iri-iri, iri na iya farawa. Saboda thermophilicity, barkono mai dadi ana girma a cikin seedlings kawai. Dole ne a sarrafa tsirrai don shuka kafin shuka. Su soaked da yawa hoursa cikin ruwan dumi. Lokacin da suka yi kumbura, ana canza su zuwa cikin ruɓa mai narkewa na tsawon kwanaki 3. Irin wannan magani yana taimakawa tsiwa cikin sauri.
Hakanan ana lalata su ta hanyar tsayawa a cikin maganin manganese na rabin sa'a kuma a goge bayan hakan tare da ruwa mai gudana. Hakanan yana da amfani don magance su da abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka. Zai zama da amfani don hana seedlings daga naman gwari. Don wannan, ana amfani da hanyoyi na musamman. Ana shuka tsaba barkono a watan Fabrairu domin a watan Mayu za a iya sake dasa su a cikin ƙasa. Don girma seedlings dace:
- Kwakwa madadin
- Kwayoyin Peat, sun dace a cikin wannan lokacin da ake yin ruwa, 'ya'yan itacen tare da kwamfutar hannu suna motsa kawai zuwa wani akwati;
- Soilasa mai ruwa mai ɗaukar ruwa da ke riƙe da danshi da kyau.
Amma substrate za a iya shirya da gaske kansa daga humus, ƙasa da yashi a cikin wani rabo na 2: 1: 1. Wannan cakuda zai zama haske da sako-sako. Don kilogram na abun da ke ciki, zaka iya ƙara Art. kwance ash. Kafin shuka tsaba, zubar da ƙasa sosai tare da mafita daga manganese.
Kuna iya amfani da kwalaye don shuka shuki. Amma barkono bai yarda da dasawa da kyau ba. Sabili da haka, mutane da yawa sun fi son girma seedlings a cikin ƙananan tukwane ko kofuna waɗanda don guje wa ruwa seedlings. Duk hanyoyin suna da amfani sosai. Lokacin da aka shuka tsaba, dole ne a shafa su da kyau kuma a rufe su da gilashi ko polyethylene.
Yadda ake kulawa da shuki
Zazzabi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kula da shuki. Mafi kyawun zazzabi domin al'ada seedling girma:
- Rana rana t - 25-27 ° C;
- Dare t - 10-15 ° C;
Yana da mahimmanci don samar da seedlings da kyakkyawan malalewa na ruwa. Bananan pebbles ko yashi sun dace da wannan, an haɗa su da substrate. Moisturizing ya kamata ya zama matsakaici. Wuce hadadden danshi na iya haifar da cututtuka iri-iri, amma kuma bushewar ƙasa bai kamata a bari ba. Shayar seedlings tare da dumi ruwasaboda suna iya mutuwa daga sanyi. Abin da kuma ake bukata domin al'ada seedling namo:
- Bayar da zafi a daki. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar fesawa ko siyar da danshi mai tauri;
- Jirgin sama ya zama dole, amma m saboda cewa ya sami kariya daga seedlings daga zayyana. Sabili da haka, ya fi mafaka a wannan lokacin;
- Hakanan ana buƙatar ƙarin hasken don kulawa. An ƙirƙira shi ta amfani da phytolamps na LED ko fitilun fitila.
Na farko Yi amfani da hasken wuta a kusa da agogo, amma kamar yadda shuki ya girma, ana sauƙaƙa su kawai da safe da maraice, suna ba da awowi na hasken rana kimanin awa 12.
Don girma seedlings da ci gaban su, tsire-tsire fara takin ko da a cikin seedlings. Lokacin da ganyayyaki 3 suka bayyana a kan seedlings, hadi zai iya farawa. Amon nitri na nitse cikin ruwa wanda aka cakuda shi da mahallin potassium da superphosphate ya dace da wannan. Makonni biyu bayan wannan, ana yin miya ta biyu. Bayan hadi, dole ne a shayar da seedlings. Of takin zamani na shuka don shuka, jigilar katako yana da kyau. Ana shirya cakuda a cikin adadin 10 na ruwa da 1 ɓangare na nettle, nace shi don kwanaki 2.
Daga kwalaye seedling 20 days bayan fitowar su seedlings nutse cikin tukwane daban. Manyan kwantena masu yawa don ruwa mai narkewa ba a so. A cikinsu, da seedlings iya rotse tushen ko za su gina wuce haddi kore taro.
Kafin dasawa cikin soilasa ta buɗe, seedlings suna cikin zafin rai. Don yin wannan, dole ne a fitar da shi zuwa cikin tsaftataccen iska, kowane lokaci yana ƙara lokacin fallasa. Babban abu anan shine lura da yawan zafin rana. Don barkono, ƙaramin darajar shi shine 13 ° C. Don haka a hankali ya dace da hasken rana, iska da ruwan sama. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin suna sa barkono da tsayayya da matuƙar zafin jiki.
Bayan kwanaki 60, da tsire-shirye suna shirye don matsawa ƙasa bude ko kora zuwa wani wurin dindindin. Amma a cikin seedlings na 80 kwanaki na haihuwa, da ake samu yawanci mafi girma. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tsire-tsire suna da ganye 10-12, kuma tsawo game da 30 cm. Ranar da za a fara bude ko kasa ko kore, zaku iya fesa su tare da mafita mai saurin haɓaka. Wannan yana kara juriya da cutar.
Ana shirya ƙasa
Ilasa don girma barkono mai zaki, har ma da na seedlings, ya dace da hasken da ya dace, ya daɗaɗa kuma m. Shouldasa ta kasance cikin tsaka tsaki cikin acidity, idan tana buƙatar babban pH, tana buƙatar iyakancewa. Yana da amfani don ƙara peat da yashi da yashi a cikin loam. Peat ƙasa an haɗe shi da ƙasa humus da ƙasa mai danshi. A cikin yashi yi sawdust, humus.
An shirya barkono a gaba. Kimanin shekara guda a cikin lambu, inda ake shirin dasa barkono, yana da kyau a sanya waɗannan mahadi:
- An ƙara takin gargajiya a madaidaiciya ƙarƙashin mai tafarnuwa;
- A lokacin kaka, yayin tono, ana kara sinadarin ma'adinai da sinadarin phosphorus;
- A cikin bazara, an kara ammonium nitrate a saman.
Bayan takin kasar gona, dole ne a haƙa shi, a bar shi da ciyawa da ciyawa. Sa'an nan kuma zubar da potassium humate ko mullein narkar da cikin ruwan zafi.
Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin a dasa barkono seedlings, yana da kyau a lalata ƙasa tare da wannan abun da ke ciki: ƙara Art. qarya da tagulla. Don haka, ƙasa tana shirye kuma zaka iya motsa seedlings na barkono mai zaki a ciki.
Mun dasa shuki
Kuna buƙatar watsa barkono a hankali ba tare da lalata tushen sa ba. Daga kwantena daban daban ana shuka iri biyu tare da dunƙulewar ƙasa. Wannan hanyar tana rage haɗarin cutarwa. Ana shuka barkono a ƙasa ƙasa lokacin da duk sanyi ya ƙare a ƙarshen Mayu-farkon Yuni. A cikin takin zamani na wucin gadi a tsakiyar watan Mayu, kuma a cikin takin mai tsayi a farkon iya. Lokacin dasa shuki mai zaki, kuna buƙatar la'akari da abin da ya girma akan gadaje kafin shi. Zai yi kyau sosai akan inda:
- Suman
- Dankali
- Karas;
- Zucchini.
Amma bayan dankali, barkono, tumatir ko kuma kwai, ya fi kyau kada a shuka barkono, neman wani wuri daga gare ta. Dole kula da yawan zafin jiki na kasar gona. Ba ya son barkono mai zaki, kuma babban gadaje zaɓi ne mai kyau don haɓaka shi.
Pepperan itace iri daban-daban ana iya dasa su sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu daga junan su. Bayan haka, al'ada tana iya haifar da wuce gona da iri. Idan za ta yiwu, zai fi kyau a shuka shuki mai tsayi a tsakaninsu. Lokacin dasa shuki barkono, ya zama dole don kula da nesa tsakanin bushes na 25 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka na 50 cm. Lokacin da seedlings suka samo tushe, dole ne a shayar da shi sau da yawa. Bayan dasa, ciyawa daga humus ko peat, wanda ke riƙe da danshi a cikin ƙasa, ya dace sosai.
Nan da nan bayan dasawa, matasa barkono zasu iya rufe da polyethylene ko lutrasil a kan firam, ya mai da shi kore. Wannan zai haifar da yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban su. Idan ana amfani da fim, to dole ne a dasa plantings. Zai fi kyau a zaɓi rigar mara wacce ba ta barin iska ta ratsa ta. A cikin hotbed, yana da kyau a fitar da kwalban ruwa na filastik. Da dumama cikin rana, da dare za su ba da zafi ga barkono. Wannan zai fitar da yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun. Lokacin da yanayi yayi zafi sosai, ana iya cire tsari.
Subwarewar kulawa
Kula da barkono mai zaki ba mai wahala bane. Duk hanyoyin suna da sauki:
- Watse;
- Taki;
- Hanya;
- Garter
A lokacin girma gudanar da ayyukan cropping. Dogon harbe suna gajarta, an cire harbe a kasa babban cokali mai yatsa na kara. Hanyar ta hada da cire ganyayyaki marasa lafiya, harbe mai rauni. Anyi wannan ne domin samar da daji mai inganci kuma inganta hatsi.
Daga cikin abubuwan da ke haɓakawa harbe-harbe, 4-5 sun ragu, a kan abin da 'ya'yan itacen zasu ci gaba. Ana cire rassan gefe yana da mahimmanci musamman daga ƙasa idan yanayin yayi zafi da laima a waje. Amma a cikin lokutan bushe, ba a bada shawarar wannan hanyar ba, saboda ƙananan ganye yana riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa. Bayan an girbe, ana sake yin girbi. Furen tsakiyar, wanda ya girma daga reshe na farko, yawancin lambu suna tsunkule don haɓaka yawan aiki.
Babban maki barkono buƙatar ƙulla. Pegs don wannan ya fi kyau a saka nan da nan lokacin da dasa shuki. Pepper dole ne a sako shi kuma a kwance shi, amma a hankali ba tare da cutar da tushen sa ba. Wannan yana sa ƙasa ta zama mai nutsuwa. A lokacin kakar, ana aiwatar da hanyoyin 3-4 kuma tare da lasening na biyu, ana iya baza barkono.
A cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, barkono mai zaki dole ne zaɓi wurin rana da kare shi daga zane-zane da iska. A cikin yanayin zafi, ana girgiza shi daga rana kai tsaye. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da ciyawa tare da bakin ciki na toka. Wannan zai kiyaye danshi ta ƙasa a matakin da ya dace kuma yana taimakawa rage ruwa. Don barkono, tsawon hasken rana shima yana da mahimmanci. Yana nufin tsire-tsire waɗanda, tare da guntun hasken rana ƙasa da awanni 12, fara ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace a baya. Wannan yana ba da kwanciyar hankali da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Watering da taki
Watering ya kamata na yau da kullunsaboda barkono ne mai hygrophilous. Da tsayi lokacin bushewa zai iya sa jijiyoyin su su faɗi. Tsarin Watering:
5 kwanaki bayan dasawa kuma mafi sau da yawa har sai gaba daya kafe;- Kowace kwanaki 10 kafin girbi a cikin bushewar yanayi sau da yawa;
- Bayan girbin.
5 kwanaki bayan dasawa kuma mafi sau da yawa har sai gaba daya kafe;A lokacin fruiting, ana buƙatar watering sau 2 a mako. Yana da mahimmanci cewa ruwan ba mai sanyi ba ne, zazzabi ne a daki.
Ana buƙatar barkono da a lokaci-lokaci saman miya. Ana aiwatar da ainihin farkon makonni 2 bayan dasawa seedlings, na gaba yana faruwa a lokacin lokacin furanni da barkono sannan kuma lokacin da 'ya'yan itacun suka bayyana.
Na takin zamani, yana da kyau a kara kwayoyin halitta, suna musaya shi da mahallin ma'adanin da za a iya amfani da su wajen aiwatar da shuka ta hanyar foliar. Takin takin zamani na da amfani sosai, amma tilas a yi amfani dasu da taka tsan-tsan domin kada su shawo kan shuka.
Liquid Organic mahadi ma tasiri, amma sabo taki ba dace da ciyar. Zai iya tsokanin furanni fadowa a kan barkono. Daga mahaɗin kwayoyin halitta ya fi kyau a yi amfani da humus, takin. Suna shigo da guga mai 1 square. m
Miya na saman Foliar tare da haɓaka abubuwa na haɓaka shine kawai a yanayin dumama. Kwayoyi suna narkewa cikin ruwa kuma an yayyafa su da barkono. Wadannan hanyoyin na iya ciyar kowane mako 2.
Hakanan ana amfani da takin zamani na kayan lambu don kula da barkono. Kuna iya shirya irin wannan abun da ke cikin ganga na ruwa lita 100, sanya kilo 5 na dandelion, nettle, starfish, ƙara rabin gilashin ash da guga na mullein a ciki. An shirya abun da ke ciki na mako guda. Kafin amfani, dole ne a tace.
Mene ne barkono ba shi da lafiya
Mafi yawan cututtukan barkono da aka fi sani sune fari kuma kumburin kwance, busasshen Blight, macrosporiosis, septoria. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don magance su. Kowane makonni 2 yana da amfani don kula da shuka don dalilai prophylactic tare da magungunan antifungal Trichodermin, Alirin.
Daga marigayi Blight yana taimakawa dace iri jiyya. Haka ma, wannan tasiri jiko na albasa husks, wanda aka fesa tare da tsire-tsire. Yana da Dole a saka idanu da danshi ƙasa. Tare da rashin isasshen ruwa, launin toka na iya bunkasa.
Daga cikin kwari, zaki da barkono ya fi jin haushi da diba, zamewar farin, fararen fata, dusar ƙanƙarar dankalin turawa, aphid, bear, spider mite. Da kwari, da shuka ne pollinated tare da bayani na itace ash. Yin sarrafa barkono tare da magani zai taimaka sosai daga aphids, bayan wannan an yayyafa shi da itacen ash. Iteswararrun gizo-gizo zai taimaka matuka wajen shawo kan tsirrai tare da tinctures na tansy, tafarnuwa, da kuma ciyawar yarrow. Don magance shi, Keltan, kalbofos, sun dace.
A ƙarshe
Girbi barkono, yankan shi kamar yadda yake fadowa, domin 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka farfasa basu tsoma baki tare da cigaban wasu ba. Yana yawanci stacked a cikin kwalayeInda ya girma.
Lokacin zabar iri don shuka, kuna buƙatar yanke shawarar abin da barkono yake girma. Idan kayi niyyar amfani da shi sabo, nau'ikan manyan frua withan tare da nama mai kauri zai zama zaɓi mai kyau. Don kiyayewa, iri tare da ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa ma sun dace.
Kamar yadda kake gani, babu wani abu mai rikitarwa game da girma barkono mai zaki. Babban damuwa shine a cikin lokacin kula da seedling. Amma amfanin gona da aka samar zai biya duka aikin.
