Irin waɗannan kyawawan furanni masu ban mamaki kamar petunias na iya zama kayan ado na ban mamaki ba wai kawai a lambun ba, har ma a cikin gida, har ma a farfajiya, baranda, da dai sauransu. Wannan tsire-tsire ɗaya daga cikin furanni mafi tsayi kuma mafi yawa, kuma yana da nau'ikan iri, launuka da sifofi. . Petunia yana girma, a matsayin mai mulkin, azaman shekara-shekara. Koyaya, akwai wasu matsaloli a cikin shuka 'ya'yan petunia. Don haka, don wannan taron ya yi nasara, ya wajaba a shuka irin wannan shuka a wani lokaci.
Yadda za a yi girma petunia seedlings daga tsaba
Haɗin haɓakar seedling
Don girma seedlings, dan kadan acidic ko tsaka tsaki duniya cakuda ta dace. Ya kamata ya zama sako-sako, cike da kayan abinci, zai iya riƙe ruwa, amma ba ya jika sosai. Zaka iya siyan cakuda mai kama da ƙasa, ko kuma ƙasa, ƙasa baki ɗaya, Stender a cikin shagon musamman. Koyaya, ana buƙatar ƙara abubuwa a cikin wannan ƙasa. Don haka, tsawon lita 5 na ƙasa tukunyar itace ɗari-giram na gram itace, gram 250 na perlite, da kuma wani babban cokali 1 na Kemira ko potassium sulfate ana ɗauka. Kuna iya yin cakuda da hannuwanku. Don wannan, ya zama dole a haɗa humus, turfy ƙasa, yashi, da peat-pec, wanda dole ne a ɗauka a cikin rabo na 2: 2: 1: 2. Kuna iya shirya cakuda ƙasa mai dacewa da yashi, kasar gona da peat, waɗanda aka ɗauka a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 2. Cikakken ƙasa da aka gama ya buƙaci a yanke shi sau biyu tare da sieve. Don haka, a karo na farko ya zama dole don amfani da babban sieve, kuma a karo na biyu - ƙaramin sieve. Sannan dole ne a zubar da ƙasa tare da mafita na Previkur (wanda aka shirya bisa ga umarnin) ko potassiumgangan (mai ƙarfi).
Shuka petunias don shuka
Ya kamata a sayi tsaba kawai waɗanda ke samarwa ne amintattu, in ba haka ba za ku jira lokaci mai tsawo don shuka, idan sun bayyana kwata-kwata. Idan kayi amfani da pelleted tsaba don dasa, to yakamata kar ku shirya su sosai don dasawa. Amma yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa a cikin busassun ƙasa sukan fito da talauci sosai, tunda zaren da yake rufe su ba zai iya narkewa ba. Lokacin da kake siyan tsaba masu sauƙi, kuna buƙatar ganowa daga mai siyarda yadda za'a iya adana su daidai kuma tsawon lokacin da zai yiwu. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da sabo tsaba don dasa, tunda yana da ƙananan germination wanda shine babban matsala a girma irin wannan tsire-tsire.
Don dasawa, ana bada shawara don amfani da akwatin da aka yi da itace ko filastik, tsayin daka wanda ya zama kusan santimita 10. A lokaci guda, dole ne a buɗe budewa na musamman don magudanar ruwa a ƙarshen tanki. Bi da kasan drawer tare da bayani na potassiumganganate, sannan a shafa shi da ruwa mai tsabta. Sanya wata ƙaramar yumɓu da aka yi ƙasa a ƙasa, kuma ku zuba abin da ya cakuda ƙasa. A lokaci guda, yana da buƙatar ƙasa ba ta kai saman ƙarshen tanki da santimita 2 ba. Irin waɗannan tsaba suna shuka mafi kyau idan an shuka su a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, don haka idan yana kan titi, saka shi a saman ƙasan kuma a ɗan ƙarami. Ana shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Sannan akwatin an rufe shi da gilashi ko fim. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, za a jawo tsaba a cikin substrate. Idan babu dusar ƙanƙara, ana yin shuka ne a farfaɗɗɗan m, sannan sai an zubo tsaba daga sama ta hanyar amfani da bindiga mai rarrabuwa sosai. Bayan wannan, aljihunan ya kamata kuma ya rufe gilashi ko fim. Tsaba kada a binne shi a cikin ƙasa ko kuma yayyafa shi da ko da bakin ciki na duniya, saboda kawai suna girka lokacin da akwai haske. Don ƙarin ko da shuka, ana bada shawarar a haɗa ƙaramin tsaba tare da ɗan ƙaramin yashi. Sanya kwandon a cikin abin da yake da kyau da dumama (kimanin digiri 25).
Shuka seedlings a cikin allunan
Idan ka sayi ƙwayar pelleted, to, zai fi kyau a yi amfani da allunan peat na musamman don shuka su. Don wannan dalili, alluna masu matsakaici (diamita 3.5 ko santimita 4.5) sun dace. Da farko, dole ne a tsinkaya kwamfutar peat a cikin ruwa don ya sami rigar. Bayan haka, an cire ruwan wuce haddi, kuma dole ne a saka allunan da aka shirya a cikin tire tare da gefuna biyu. Bayan haka, ta amfani da ɗan ƙaramin yatsa ko wasa na yau da kullun, ana sanya iri 1 a cikin kowane kwamfutar hannu. Sa'an nan kuma an za'ayi amfani da ruwa ta amfani da pipette, wanda zai jiƙa wani yanki na abu mai rufe zuriya. Bayan fewan mintuna, shafa ƙwallan tare da yatsunsu, wanda yakamata ya zama ya kasance ruwan itace a wannan lokacin. Wannan zai ba da damar zuriya suyi sauri. Bayan haka, rufe akwati daga sama tare da fim ko gilashi kuma sanya shi a wani wuri mai kyau, mai dumama (kimanin digiri 25).
Wannan hanyar haɓaka tana taimakawa wajen haɓaka ƙwayar petunias. Haka kuma masu noman fure sun lura cewa yana da sauƙin kula da irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin, saboda baya buƙatar dasa shi, haka kuma zaka iya fahimta sa'ilin da shuka yake buƙatar shayarwa.
Girma na petunia seedlings a cikin kaset
Girma a cikin kaset, bisa ga yawancin lambu, ya dace sosai, har ma da hanyar tattalin arziƙi. Don haka, kaset ɗin tare da sel an tsara shi don amfani da yawa, kuma tsire-tsire da aka dasa a ciki basa buƙatar ƙarin ɗaukar. Idan ana so, zaku iya siyan kaset tare da ƙwayoyin sel daban. Koyaya, ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin ƙwayoyin suna cikin kaset ɗin, ƙananan sun kasance. Game da shuka petunias, masana suna ba da shawarar waɗancan kaset waɗanda ƙwayoyin jikinsu ke da girma sosai, yayin da tsayin su kada ya kasance ƙasa da santimita 10. Kwayoyin za su iya cika da gaurayawar ƙasa, waɗanda aka ambata a sama, amma ana sanya allunan peat a cikinsu idan ana so. Don kula da irin waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayar da ake buƙata ta wannan hanyar don girma a cikin kwalaye masu sauƙi.
Shin zan sayi tsire-tsire da aka shirya?
Musamman ma batun siyan readyanyen da aka yi da ƙarancin abinci na damuna waɗanda ba su da cikakkiyar masaniyar lambu, tunda ba kowane ɗayansu yake samun nasarar girma da nasu ba. Idan kana son girma petunia da kanka, kawai kuna buƙatar siyan tsaba masu inganci kuma ku bi ka'idodin shuka iri da ke sama. Koyaya, idan mai sayad da furanni bai san yadda ake shuka seedlings ba kwata-kwata kuma yana ba shi tsoro, to zai yuwu ku sayi seedlingsanyen da aka yi da furanni, kawai kuna buƙatar yin wannan a shagon furen wanda ke ƙarfafa ƙarfin gwiwa. Af, a cikin bazara abu ne mai sauqi don yin wannan, tunda wannan seedling ba kasawa ba ne.
Koyaya, kafin ku tafi don shuka na petunias, kuna buƙatar tuna da rulesan dokoki waɗanda zasu taimake ku zaɓi tsirrai masu tsirrai masu lafiya:
- Amfani da abin da petunia yake girma ya kamata a kowane yanayi ya kasance rigar;
- shuka tare da busassun fi da ganye masu launin shuɗi suna iya yiwuwa rashin lafiya tare da chlorosis kuma tsarin an riga an mutu cikin tsire-tsire;
- kar a dauki petunia wanda ya haɗu, kamar yadda waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa ke buɗe ko dai zasu iya fara shimfiɗa ko ma dakatar da haɓaka (dangane da yadda mummunan tasirin ya shafa);
- duba cikin kwarin gwiwar ciyawar, saboda ana iya samun kwari.
Petunia seedling care
Mafi kyawun yanayi don girma
Mafi kyawun duka, tsaba daga cikin waɗannan furanni suna girma a zazzabi na 24 ko 25. Hybrids suna da bukatar musamman akan zazzabi. Don haka, idan ya yi sanyi, to, ba za su tashi ba, kuma a cikin yanayi mai ɗumi, shuka yana fara rauni, kuma mai tushe yana daɗaɗawa. A wannan yanayin, idan kun samar da zazzabi mai mahimmanci da haske mai kyau, to ana iya ganin farkon 'yan seedlings tuni kwanaki 5-7 bayan shuka. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, za a buƙaci fitar da tsire-tsire sau biyu a rana. Don yin wannan, cire tsari, yayin cire ruwan ɗiga daga ruwa daga gare ta. Lokaci na farko da kake buƙatar buɗewa na minti 20, sannan na minti 40, da dai sauransu A lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar rage zafin jiki na iska. Don haka, yayin rana ya kamata ya zama kimanin digiri 20, kuma da dare - har zuwa digiri 16. A farko, ana tsabtace tsire-tsire ta hanyar jinkirin girma. Gaskiyar ita ce a wannan lokacin asalinsu suna girma da haɓaka. Ya kamata kuma a tuna cewa 'yan seedlings a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Fabrairu kuma a cikin watan Maris suna buƙatar haske. A cikin waɗannan halayen lokacin da petunias ya tashi sosai, za a buƙaci thinning, wanda za'a iya yi tare da hancin.
Ana cire murfin gaba ɗaya kawai bayan tsire-tsire ya fara taɓa shi. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a wannan lokacin don kula da danshi substrate a daidai matakin.
Petunia seedling haskaka
Domin sababbin abubuwan da ke haifar da tsiro a cikin ƙasa don haɓakawa da haɓaka kullun, suna buƙatar kusan hasken rana-agogo. Idan tsire-tsire suna ba da ingantaccen haske, to wannan zai haɓaka haɓakar su, da mahimmanci kimanin farkon farkon fure. Sannan, irin waɗannan furanni suna buƙatar samar da sa'o'in hasken rana, tsawon lokacin da ya kamata yayi daidai da sa'o'i 11-12. A wannan yanayin, matsakaicin haske zai zama daidai da dubu 50 na alatu. A saboda wannan, dole ne a kunna ƙarin hasken da sanyin safiya (7-8 awanni), kuma a kashe da yamma (21-22 hours). Lokacin da aka yi zaɓin, ya kamata a ƙara ƙara adadin wutar zuwa 55,000 lux.
Don walƙiya, LED, mai kyalli, fitilu masu fitarwa, da kuma phytolamps na musamman, sun dace. Dole ne a shigar dasu sama da seedlings a tsayin kusan santimita 20.
Yadda ake ruwa
Don ƙwayoyin petunia, ingantaccen ruwa yana da matukar muhimmanci. Gaskiyar ita ce irin wannan shuka yana buƙatar zafi mai tsabta. Don haka, idan ƙasa ta kasance da rigar, wannan zai haifar da bayyanar cututtukan rot da cututtukan fungal, kuma bushewa substrate na iya zama m ga kananan tsire-tsire. Irin wannan seedlings bada shawarar drip ban ruwa. Don haka, tare da sirinji, kuna buƙatar cire ruwa kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin tushen shuka, yayin ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa ruwan ba ta kowane irin yanayi ba ya faɗo a saman ganye. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a zuba ruwa a lokacin sha tare da bangon tank. Kuma ana iya shayar da irin wannan shuka ta tire.
Yi amfani kawai da ruwa mai laushi da ingantaccen ruwa don ban ruwa (ko da sinadarin chlorine kada ta kasance cikin abubuwan da ya ƙunsa). Zaka iya amfani da ruwa mai dumin zafi da zafin jiki daki. Bayan 'yan mintina kaɗan kafin a sha ruwa, a ɗan zuba ɗan lemon tsami a ɗanyen a kwanon ruwa.
Idan rana tayi rana, to dole ne a shirya ruwa da yamma. Kuma idan sama tana cikin girgije, to, kuna buƙatar shayar da shuka da safe.
Taki
Matasa plantlets suna buƙatar mai yawa na abubuwan gina jiki, saboda haka suna buƙatar shafa taki a kai a kai. A cikin kwanaki 14 na farko bayan fitowan, ya zama dole don fesa petunia tare da raunin bayani na potassium permanganate ko Pervicura kamar yadda saman Layer na substrate ta bushe. Lokacin da takaddun ganye na ainihi 3 da 4 suka fara girma a kan tsire-tsire, to, ya kamata a ƙara bayani mai rawaya Crystal a ƙasa (don 5 l na ruwa ½ ɓangaren babban cokali). Ana shirya suturar miya ta biyu a kan ganye (musamman idan akwai adadin yawan seedlings), kuma kai tsaye cikin ƙasa. Takin tsire-tsire irin su Uniflora Micro ko Kristallon suna da kyau don ciyar da kai akan takarda. Dole ne a ciyar da tsire-tsire masu girma sau 3 a cikin kwanaki 7, yayin da aka ba da shawarar cewa a yi amfani da hanyar foliar da tushen.
Bayan mako biyu, kamar yadda za a yi tara, shuka ya kamata a fesa tare da wani bayani na samfurin da ke ƙarfafa tushen sa. Don wannan dalili, ana bada shawara don amfani da kayan aiki kamar: Tashar, Plantafol, Kemira Suite, da Aquarin. A lokaci guda, shirya mafita, bin bin umarnin da aka haɗa.
Dole ne a la'akari da cewa a cikin yanayin lokacin da aka yi amfani da ckin shuka don wadatar da abinci mai gina jiki, to zai yuwu a yi ba tare da yin takin ba. Koyaya, lokacin amfani da ƙasa mara kyau, ana buƙatar su.
Daukana seedlings na petunia
Game da batun lokacin da aka shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin akwatin gama gari, zai buƙaci tara lokacin da yake girma. Shi ke nan, saboda irin wannan petunia a cikin gidan an girma har tsawon makonni 8-12, kuma a lokaci guda, tsirrai sun yi girma kuma sun zama tushen asalinsu. Don ruwa, ana bada shawara don amfani da kwantena (kofuna waɗanda), ƙarar wanda shine 200-250 MG, yayin da a ƙasa dole ne su sami ramuka don magudanar ruwa. Kuna buƙatar nutsar da petunia bayan yana da nau'i-nau'i biyu na ganye na gaske. Shuke-shuke suna girma tare da dunƙule na dunƙule, suna ƙoƙarin kada su rikita tushen, kuma ana canza su zuwa akwati mutum. Sannan a zuba cakuda qasa mai yawa wanda babu kwari a cikin gilashin. An shayar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Bayan ƙasa ta zauna, an ƙara ƙasa a cikin tanki. Don guje wa shimfida tsirrai, kwanaki 7 bayan nutsewa ya kamata ya kula da zazzabi 3-4 a ƙasa da al'ada. Hakanan, ya kamata a kiyaye seedlings a wannan lokacin daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Yana faruwa cewa shuka mai narkewa tana da sau 2.
Lokacin da aka girma a cikin allunan, idan ya cancanta, ana iya dasa shuka a cikin akwati na mutum kai tsaye tare da shi.
An ba da shawarar ciyarwa ta farko bayan an ɗora sama da makonni 1-1.5 bayan shi.
Pinching seedlings na petunia
Don mafi kyawun shaƙatawa na petunia, kuna buƙatar tsunkule. Growingarancin girma da haɓaka iri suna daɗaɗa ganye sama da 4 ko 5, yayin da ɓangaren ɓangare na kara ya fashe tare da ma'anar haɓaka. A sakamakon wannan, karamin shoot zai fito daga kowane sinus ganye, kuma irin wannan shuka zai Bloom more profusely. Bayan rabin wata, ana aiwatar da tsunkule na 2, yayin da yakamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa domin samun kurmi mai ɓoyewa, ya zama dole don yin wannan hanya sau da yawa.
Seedlingsa seedlingsan itace iri iri na elauke da yawa ba a cika durƙushewa ba, domin wannan ba zai sami sakamako mai kyau ba yayin branarfafawa. Irin wannan shuka yana rauni sosai.
Cutar da kwari
Mafi sau da yawa, cutar ita ce ƙafa na baƙar fata, kuma dalilin wannan zai iya kasancewa danshi mai laima. A farkon sosai, wani wuri mai duhu ya bayyana a gindin harbin, yayin da ƙwayar tsiro ta zama mai laushi da rots. Bayan haka, maƙarƙashiya ya haifar a cikin wannan wuri, kuma tserewa yana ƙarƙashin nauyin kansa. Ya kamata a hallaka tsire-tsire masu cutar. Wurin da suka girma ya zube tare da kyakkyawan maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar potassium, Maxim ko Formalin (40%).
Hakanan, irin wannan tsire-tsire sau da yawa yana fama da chlorosis (rashin ƙarfe). Wannan na iya faruwa saboda alkinta ƙasa sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a gabatar da chelate baƙin ƙarfe na musamman, wanda shine ɓangare na maganin Ferovit, a cikin ƙasa.
Mwararren gizo-gizo gizo, wanda da gaske yake son babban bushewa, kuma yana iya yankewa akan ganye. Yana tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace, kuma yana iya zama mai ɗaukar m cuta mai haɗari. Don magance shi, ana bada shawara don amfani da magungunan acaricidal, alal misali: Neoron, Actellik, Fitoverm, da dai sauransu.
Doka don shirya seedlings don dasawa zuwa cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa
Lokacin da aka bar karba a baya, seedlingsarfin da ya fi karfi na iya fara shiri don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗe. Hardening ne da za'ayi a kan jinjirin wata, yayin da shuka ya kamata a saba wa titi a hankali. Lokaci na farko da tsire-tsire ya kamata su tsaya akan titi daga mintuna 10 zuwa 15, sannan kuma kowace rana yakamata a ƙara tsawon lokacin da zasu tsaya. Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, seedlings ya kamata ya kasance akan titi a kusa da agogo. Ya kamata a dasa Petunia a cikin rabin na biyu na Mayu da farkon a watan Yuni.
Don dasa shuki, zaku iya zaɓar kowane yanki na ƙasa. Koyaya, ya fi kyau girma petunia a yanki mai cike da wadataccen ƙasa tare da ƙasa mai loamy, ƙasa mai wadataccen abinci.Cire ciyawa, toka daga ƙasa ku tono shi, ana bada shawara ku sanya humus ko takin.
Ana yin saukowa da yamma a faɗuwar rana ko a cikin yanayin hadari. An yi rami na zurfin santimita goma, yayin da nisa tsakanin tsirrai ta dogara kai tsaye da nau'ikan su. Don haka, tsakanin tsire-tsire na iri iri mai ban sha'awa, an bar nisa game da santimita 28-30, tsakanin ƙananan faranti - 18-20 santimita, da kuma tsakanin santin-fure - 23-25 santimita. Ruwa da seedlings sosai, sa'an nan kuma canja wurin tare da kasar zuwa rijiyoyin.
Ya kamata a shayar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, kuma ya kamata a yayyafa ƙasa ƙasa tare da ciyawa (humus ko peat). Rana ta farko bayan saukowa, yakamata a sami inuwa daga hasken rana kai tsaye tare da taimakon kwali na kwali ko kwandon kwarya.
