Avelanochka

Sai dai itace cewa irin goro, itacen al'ul, beech da sauran kwayoyi ba kwayoyi bane kwata-kwata. Gaskiya ne, wannan magana ba da dabara, amma masu ilimin botanists suna da tabbacin kansu: suna ɗaukar kwaya kawai "'ya'yan itacen da ke da ƙwayar huhun ciki wanda ke rufe zuriya tare da tayin da cotyledons." Don haka tabbatar da cewa wannan ba haka bane. Dangane da tsayayyen kalmomin Botanical, 'ya'yan itacen Voloshsky (wanda muke yawanci muke kiran goro) ƙashi ne kawai na fruita froman itacen da aka cire ƙwayoyin fitsari. Pine goro kawai shine tsararren iri da aka fito dashi daga mazugi. A ƙarshe, sunan Botanically daidai na 'ya'yan itacen beech, ya juya, ba kwaya bane, amma goro.

Wane irin shuka ne yake ba mu haƙiƙar kimiyya? Sai dai itace cewa mai shi mai farin ciki shimfida ce mai kyan gani, amma sananniyar tsirrai Hazel, ko kuma Hazel gama gari.

Wani wuri a cikin yankin Oryol, a Voronezh ko a Ukraine, lokacin da har yanzu akwai dusar ƙanƙara kuma yawancin bishiyoyi da shukoki suna kusan tashi daga yanayin hunturu, hazel gama gari ya riga ya fara tono kuma manyan 'yan kunne da ke warwatse don farin ciki na har yanzu sanyi, har ma da bazara, iska gajimare na furen fure. Pollen an yi niyya ne don furanni mata na inconspicuous da suke akan rassan furanni mata marasa shinge. Su ne ke fitar da su da zaran bazara ta fara karɓar haƙƙinta. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa tsoffin Jamusawan suna da alamar alama ta bazara, rayuwa da rashin mutuwa. A ƙarshen bazara, zaku iya sake samun kanku da kwayayen farko.

A ina yake da kamar ana yin gasa tare da rashin walwala da rashin fahimta tare da haziƙancin beran Siberian, Carpathian da kuma 'dan uwan ​​goro? Koyaya, tsoro, ja! A bayyane yake, kamar yadda suke faɗi, goro mai wuya.

Tuni a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 zuwa 19, ɗayan majagaba na ilimin tsufa na Rasha da gandun daji, Andrei Timofeevich Bolotov, a cikin aikin "Wasu maganganu game da hazel da kuma yadda zaku iya bi da ƙwayar ƙwayar kwayoyi," ya ba da shawarar kansa ya kirkiro tsire-tsire masu goro, ya sare duk bishiyoyi a cikin gandun daji, sai dai hazel.

"Duk fure hazel na fure ya fara tono sosai, A. Bolotov ya rubuta game da kwarewar sa, an haifi kwayoyi masu yawa, kuma suna da yawa kuma suna da kyau sosai cewa an tattara yawancin ƙwayaye mafi girma da mafi girma kuma an karɓa daga wannan ƙaramin wuri. daga iri daya ne ko kuma mafi girman sarari, amma ba a sare gandun daji ba. "

Kusan ba tare da wani canji ba, an sami nasarar yin amfani da wannan ƙwarewar mahimmanci a cikin mafi kyau dazuzzukan mu. Lallai, ana bukatar hazelnuts sosai; hazel ya mamaye yanki mai girman kadada miliyan 1.

Ya juya cewa tsohuwar hanyar da A.T. Bolotov yayi amfani da shi yana da tsohuwar tarihi. Ko da a cikin ayyukan Theophrastus, Sophocles, Virgil da Columella, mun sami nassoshi kan al'adun hazel a cikin Bahar Rum. Abin takaici ne cewa a cikin lokacinmu waɗanda ke mallakar gandun daji suna cikin haɗuwa a tsakanin lokuta.

Ya dace a kula da ajiyar wannan kwaro. Kyakkyawan kalma ba za a iya watsi da ita ba ta aikin rashin son kai na masu shayar da gandun daji: haran garin Kharkiv F.A. Pavlenko da Muscovite R.F. Kudasheva, masu sana'ar aikin gandun daji na Makka-Michurinsk, da masu sana'ar hazelnut daga Kiev da Sochi.

Ziyarci sansanin Cheerful Bokovenki arboretum a cikin yankin Kirovograd a farkon Satumba. Wani irin kwayoyi ba za ku ɗanɗana anan ba, kuma dukkansu dangi ne na yau da kullun! Fiye da shekaru 30, da masihirta Pavlenko ta tausaya masu, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu sun bazu ko'ina da goro!

Gabaɗaya gandun gwaji (16,000 bushes) zai nuna muku a cikin ƙauyuka da Kudashev, wanda ya ɗauki baton daga masanin ilimin kimiyya A.S. Yablokov kuma ya zaɓi siffofin mashahuri da yawa na gandun daji na tsakiyar Rasha.

Nazarin ya nuna cewa tsoffin mutanen Bahar Rum sun karɓi kayan asalin daga ƙasashen tuddai na Caucasus da Crimea. An yi imani da cewa takamaiman sunan kimiyya "havel" Avellana "an ɗauko daga Romawa. Ya zo daga garin Avellino, wanda shine cibiyar al'adun hazel a tsohuwar Roma.

Babban connoisseur na huhun tsire-tsire, masanin kimiyya Georgy Nikolaevich Vysotsky koyaushe ana kiranmu hazelnut Avellanochka.

Babu ƙarancin hazel ɗin da ke da wadata a cikin mai, furotin da sauran abubuwa masu amfani, dangin da suka fi kusa da su sune: Manchurian hazel (a Gabas ta Tsakiya), haie mai hazel (a Siberiya) da yawa na hazel hazel: hazelnuts. Kuma a ƙarshe, babban, siriri, kyakkyawan itace, mai kama da firintoto ko katako mai fure, itace hazel, ko bears bezel daga Caucasus. Af, sun kira shi bearish don jarabarsa ga ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwar mai mallakar gandun daji na Caucasian da ke tono a kai.

Muna iya ci gaba da magana game da nau'ikan itatuwa iri daban-daban, wanda ɗan adam ke amfani da shi yanzu. Wanda zai iya jayayya wanda kwayoyi ne na gaske, kuma wanne ne kawai ba a ba da kuskuren ba da wannan sunan, wanne ne yafi, kuma wanene ƙasa da saurin Michurin. A hanyoyi da yawa, waɗannan rikice-rikice zalla ne na ilimi, kwayoyi suka kasance kwayoyi, dukansu suna da daɗi da wadataccen abinci. Kuma suna da ɗanɗano daban-daban, saboda burodi na gaske yana fitowa daga hatsin rai, da alkama, da sha'ir, da masara, da shinkafa. Duk wanda ya ga dama. Don haka kwayoyi: duk suna bauta wa mutumin da aminci, kuma muna iya amince cewa dukkan su, tare, suna da makomar da Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin ya annabta.

Hanyoyi zuwa kayan:

• S. I. Ivchenko - Littafin game da bishiyoyi