Tsohuwar shuka gesneria (Gesneria) perenni ne kuma yana da alaƙar kai tsaye ga dangin Gisneriaceae. Irin wannan tsiro ya fito daga yankuna na Amurka na wurare masu zafi, da kuma daga Antilles.
An samo wannan nau'in halittar ne bayan Swiss Conrad Gesner (1516-1565), wanda masanin kimiyyar halitta ne.
Gesneria yana wakilta ta tsirrai ko tsire-tsire na ganye wanda zai iya kaiwa tsawon santimita 60. A saman kafaffun harbe akwai pubescence, kuma tuberous rhizomes ne velvety. Ganyayyaki masu ruwa suna da siffar m. Furen furanni na Tubular na iya zama tsintsiya madaidaici ko kuma sun kasance ɓangare na ƙyalƙyali masu ƙyalli waɗanda ke da laima. Rawaya mai launin rawaya ko ja suna da reshe.
Kula da Gesneria a gida
Haske
Kuna buƙatar haske, amma a lokaci guda ya rarraba wutar lantarki. Wajibi ne inuwa daga haskoki kai tsaye da rana. An bada shawara sanyawa akan windows na gabas ko gabanin gabas. A kudu taga, za a buƙaci shading daga haskoki na rana. Zasu iya girma a koyaushe a ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki ta hakika gaba daya.
Yanayin Zazzabi
A cikin bazara da bazara, Gesneria yana buƙatar zazzabi na 20 zuwa 25. A cikin hunturu, tana buƙatar zazzabi sama da digiri 18, amma idan ba a tura ta huta ba.
Haushi
Kullum yana girma kuma yana haɓaka kawai tare da zafi mai ƙarfi. Koyaya, yana da daraja la'akari da cewa ba shi yiwuwa a sanyaya wata shuka daga mai toka. Don haɓaka yanayin zafi, ƙwararrun lambu suna ba da shawara don ɗaukar ɗan kwalliya mai laushi da saka sphagnum a ciki ko zuba shimfidar lãka da zubar da ruwa ba mai yawa ba. Dole a tabbatar cewa kasan gangarwar bata shiga cikin ruwa ba.
Yadda ake ruwa
A lokacin hawan m, ana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa. Ana samarwa bayan bushewa na babban Layer na substrate. Don tsiro, duka bushewar datti da ƙura (wanda zai iya tsokani samuwar rot) daidai yake da lahani. Ana shayar da shi ta musamman tare da ruwa mai laushi mai laushi. Bayan da shuka ta fadada, dole ne a rage ruwa. An bada shawara don shayar da ruwa ta cikin kwanon don hana ruwa yawan shigawar ganye.
Manyan miya
Ana yin riguna da yawa a cikin bazara da bazara 1 lokaci cikin makonni biyu. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin gargajiya hadaddun tsire-tsire na fure.
Lokacin hutawa
Tana da cikakkiyar bayyananniyar lokatai, na ƙarshen makonni 8-10 (yawanci daga ƙarshen Oktoba zuwa Janairu). Lokacin da shuka ya bushe, ana buƙatar rage ruwa, kuma bayan ganye sun bushe gaba ɗaya, ana buƙatar cire tubers daga ƙasa kuma a adana shi a cikin yashi. Rike tubers a cikin sanyi, wuri mai bushe (12 zuwa digiri 14).
Siffofin Juyawa
Tubers ya kamata a cire daga yashi a cikin Janairu-farkon Fabrairu. An sanya su na uku na sa'a a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate ko fungicide. Sa'an nan ana dasa tubers a cikin ƙasa mai cakuda sabo, don shiri wanda ya wajaba don haɗa peat, ganye da ƙasa humus, da yashi da aka ɗauka daidai gwargwado. Kar a manta yin kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa a kasan tanki.
Tubers suna buƙatar dasa shi ta wannan hanyar da budsan uwansu suke bisa ruwa. A wannan yanayin, mai tushe ya bayyana da sauri.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Kuna iya yaduwa ta hanyar yanka ko tsaba.
Shuka tsaba ana samarwa a cikin bazara ko kaka, yayin da ba sa buƙatar binne su a cikin ƙasa. An bada shawara don kula da yawan zafin jiki tsakanin digiri 22. Lingsalingsan itace suna buƙatar a haife su a cikin ƙananan kwantena a nesa na santimita 2x2. Bayan shuka ya girma, ana sake rayuwarsu tare da nisan da ke tsakanin su ya zama santimita 4x4. Kar a rage zafin jiki a kasa da digiri 20 da inuwa daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Muna buƙatar tsarin shayarwa.
An shuka tsire-tsire masu girma a cikin tukwane daban-daban (diamita 6-7 santimita). Bayan tsarin tushen ya daina dacewa a cikin akwati, ya kamata a canza shi da matasa gesneria a cikin akwati tare da diamita na 9 zuwa 11 santimita. An lura da farkon fure bayan shekaru 2-3.
Yankan shawarar a watan Mayu-Agusta. Takardun ganye ko sassan jikinsu sunyi kama da yan itace (farantin ganye yana buƙatar yanke shi zuwa guda 2 ko 3). Shuka su a cikin yashi, kuma kuna buƙatar zurfafa tushe ko kasan guntun ganye. Buƙatar zazzabi na akalla digiri 25. 'Ya'yan ƙanana kaɗan waɗanda ke tsiro bayan kwanaki 40-45. Tsirrai suna buƙatar a shayar da su sosai, kamar yadda za a kiyaye su daga hasken rana kai tsaye. A cikin kwanakin Satumba na ƙarshe, yakamata a rage yawan ruwa kuma zazzage iska zuwa ƙasa zuwa digiri 20. Tona sama da matasa tubers a watan Oktoba da kuma adana su a cikin sanyi, bushe (12 zuwa 14 digiri) wuri har sai spring. Irin wannan gesneria zai yi fure a shekara ta 2 na rayuwa.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Mafi sau da yawa, da shuka sha wahala daga take hakkin da dokokin kulawa, misali: ba kyau watering, matsanancin zafi, matsanancin haske a cikin hunturu.
Hakanan ba sabon abu bane bayyanar kunar rana a jiki a farfajiya. Kuma rawaya masu launin shuɗi na iya bayyana daga ruwan sanyi da ake amfani da shi don ban ruwa, ko saboda ruwa samun ruwa a kan farantin takardar.
Aphids, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, thrips, whiteflies ko sikelin kwari zasu iya rayuwa akan shuka.
Babban nau'ikan
Swollen Gesneria (Gesneria ventricosa)
Wannan ɗan ƙaramin itace da aka danƙa shine perennial. Petioles suna da girma sosai, suna bugawa a gindi, kuma aka nuna a tukwici. Fleshy, mai launin fata, baƙaƙen faranti na da shimfidar fanti, tsawon su ya bambanta daga 10 zuwa 15 santimita, kuma faɗin su ya kasance daga 3 zuwa 5 santimita. A apical inflorescence daukawa 4 ko 5 furanni da is located a kan dogon peduncle. Kofin yana da dogon hakora a cikin adadin guda 5. Corolla yana da tubular mai rami mai raɗaɗi mai launi kuma ya kai tsawon santimita 3. Yana da launi mai launin shuɗi-orange yayin da saman ciki na corolla, fatattakarwa da bloating a gindin bututu masu launin shuɗi.
Hyesneria matasan (Gesneria hybrida)
Wannan tsararren ciyawar itace. Farar takarda mai launin farar takarda mai kalamu manya ne. Fuska mai ƙyalli, furanni tubular ja sun kai tsawon santimita 5-7.
Cardinal Gesneria, ko Scarlet (Gesneria cardinalis)
Irin wannan tsire-tsire na herbaceous shine perennial. Matsayinsa na harbe ta na tsaye zai iya kaiwa santimita 30. Fleshy kore fenti-toothed ganye farantin faranti ne m siffar kuma suna da m pubescence a kan farfajiya. A tsayi, za su iya kai santimita 10. Furanni suna da guda ɗaya kuma ana tattara su a cikin axillary ko inflorescences low-floured inflorescences. Irin waɗannan furanni tubular suna da faɗi biyu, yayin da ɓangaren da ke ƙasa yana da ɗan ƙanƙanuwa fiye da saman. A cikin tsayi, za su iya kaiwa daga 5 zuwa 7 santimita. M, furanni ana fentin su a cikin launin ja mai arziki, kuma a cikin makogwaron akwai ɗigon duhu (akwai wasu launuka).
Gesneria cuneiform (Gesneria cuneifolia)
Wannan karamin ciyawar itace zamani ne. A tsayin daka, ya kai santimita 30, kuma gajerun harbe-rubucensa suna da rabin-lignified. Kusan takaddun shege ko gajere mai gajere suna da nau'i mai launi iri-iri na lanceolate, tare da gindin su zama zagaye-nau'i mai ɗaure. A tsayin daka, za su iya kaiwa daga 10 zuwa 12 santimita kuma suna da fadi da kusan santimita 3. Fuskar ta gaban fenti tana fentin kore, kuma gefen da ba daidai ba yana launin toka, kuma akwai wasu ƙananan gashin gashi. Furannin furanni masu launin shuɗi a kan kewayen suna da tarnaki mai ƙanshi. Peduncle tsayi da bakin ciki.
Gesneria Lebanon (Gesneria libanensis)
Wannan karamin bishiyoyi masu rauni marasa ƙarfi ne kuma sune perennial. A saman mai tushe akwai ganye lanceolate, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin soket, kuma suna serrate a gefuna. A gaban farfajiya suna da aikin gona, yayin da a gefen da ba daidai ba - pubescence ne kawai tare da jijiya. Tsawon su shine santimita 8-10. Tsawon cikakken furanni masu launin ja daga 3 zuwa 5 santimita.
