Yadda za a magance mold a cikin seedlings?

Lokacin dasa shuki ya matso. Wannan lokacin yana gab da aikin shirye-shiryen: shirye-shiryen jita-jita, ƙasa don shuka, kayan aikin da ake buƙata. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da ƙasa da aka saya don shuka tsaba don shuka. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an shirya shi cikakke kuma baya buƙatar ƙarin aiki. Bayan shuka iri a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, ciyawar da aka haɗu, ana rufe akwati sau da yawa a kan fim iri kafin seedling, simulating a greenhouse. Wani lokacin (mafi sau da yawa tsakanin masu farawa a cikin aikin lambu), a farkon kwanakin bayan dasa shuki, farar fata, launin toka ko launin kore mai launin kore yana bayyana akan ƙasa. Wannan ya bayyana a matsayin itace dake wakiltar microflora mara kyau na kasar gona. Ya shafi yafi tsaba da matasa seedlings. Shuka seedlings tare da ingantaccen tsarin tushen da kuma girma shuke-shuke da kusan ba cutar da mold.

Menene m?

Moɗa - ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (fungi mold) waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa da muhalli (iska, ruwa, da dai sauransu) a cikin hanyar spores da mutum microscopic hyphae na mycelium. Da zarar cikin yanayi mai kyau, spores da sassa na mycelium fara ninka sosai a cikin babba ƙasa Layer, inda talauci ci gaban Tushen yawanci ana samun. Ba za su iya yin tsayayya da fadada mycelium ba, suna shiga cikin jijiyoyin bugun matasa. Harbe mahaɗa tare da mold mycelium mutu. A tsawon lokaci, tushen tsarin tsirrai suna fitar da abubuwa na musamman waɗanda ke hana ci gaban molds kuma ƙarshensu ya rasa kayan aikinsu.

Tushen ƙira a cikin shuka

Babban tushen ƙirar itace spores, waɗanda koyaushe suna cikin yanayin "bacci" a cikin ƙasa, ruwa da iska. Ko da a cikin ƙasa mai gurbatawa, lokacin da aka maido da aikinta na halittu (Baikal EM-1, Ekomik mai yawan gaske, tushen, Mikosan, da dai sauransu), har yanzu ana ci gaba da zama, ana ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace ya fara girma da haɓaka. Sake kamuwa da cuta da yumbu na iya faruwa ta hanyar ruwa (lokacin ban ruwa) da iska. Spores sun faɗi a kan ƙasa mai laushi kuma, a cikin yanayin zafi mafi kyau da zazzabi, tsiro da sauri, yana mamayar da kyauta.

Yanayin shimfidar Motsi

A mafi kyau duka yanayi na aiki girma da ci gaban da mold a cikin seedlings su ne:

• kasa mai kyau da aka shirya (nauyi a cikin abun da ke ciki, rashin danshi mai tsauri, yana haifar da tururuwar ruwa),
• babban zafi (sama da 95%) da kayan aikin da aka shirya (fiye da 80%),
• iska mai zafi (daga + 22 ° C),
• rashin musayar iska,
• Rashin hasken wuta da hasken rana wanda yake ture kofofin taga.

Ilasa don tsire-tsire ya zama haske, danshi mai jurewa, ruwa-mai iya numfashi. Ana buƙatar kyakkyawan malalewa don magudana ruwa fiye da kima yayin ruwa. Lokacin sayen, kuna buƙatar sanin kanku tare da abun da keɓaɓɓen substrate, kuma tare da shiri mai zaman kanta na cakuda ƙasa don seedlings, ya zama dole don ƙara humus ko biohumus, yashi ko peat zuwa substrate. Ma'adinan da ke da ruwa mai narkewa mai dauke da abubuwan micronutrients an kara shi cikin cakuda (mafi dacewa - ga Kemir).

Tabbatar duba acidity na ƙasa, wanda ya kamata ya tsaka tsaki a cikin kewayon pH = 6.5-7.0. Idan an acidified ƙasa, to yakamata a ƙara gari ko dolenite. Acidified ƙasa yana haifar da ingantaccen yanayi don haɓakar mycelium. Har ila yau kansa yana da amsawar acid, wanda ke hana ci gaba da haɓaka seedlings a cikin aikin seedling.

A babban zafin jiki da zafi, yana da matukar muhimmanci a aiwatar da iska, amma ba tare da daftarin ba. Rashin cika waɗannan sharuɗɗan yana ba da gudummawar ci gaban ingantaccen ƙarfe kuma yana haifar da lalacewar seedlingsan itacen da mutuwarsu. A yanayin zafi da bushewar iska, fitar salting yana faruwa. Wani fim mai ban dariya na gishiri ya bayyana a saman substrate. Wajibi ne a cire shi kuma a yayyafa shi da bakin yashi mai santsi (ta sieve) yayin bayyanar sa-da-sawu.

Motsi a kan seedlings.

Tuna! Tare da matsanancin danshi ba tare da isasshen magudanan ruwa ba, iska mai ƙarfi da iska mara kyau, yawan zafin jiki da zafi, molds suna girma da sauri fiye da irin shuka. Mycelium zai iya yin girma a cikin tsaba, wanda ya mutu kafin shuka.

Tsarin sarrafa ƙwayar Seedling

Yin rigakafin

Yaƙi da ƙira dole ne ya fara da matakan rigakafi, matakan kariya waɗanda zasu hana bayyanar sa ko rage cutarwa a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin matasa, rage ƙimar ci gaban mycelium.

Tare da shiri mai zaman kansa na cakuda ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci don cimma yanayin tsaka tsaki.

Tuna! Adadin ci gaban masana'anta yana da alaƙar kai tsaye zuwa ga mahimmancin sludge da sinadaran humus a cikin cakuda ƙasa. Cakuda ƙasa ya ƙunshi yashi. Peat yana haɓaka acidity na ƙasa, ƙirƙirar yanayi ingantacciya don molds.

• Tare da shirya kai na kayan abu, shuka ya kamata a za'ayi kawai tare da tsintsiyar tsaba.
• Kullum bincika acidity na kasar gona (musamman kafin germination) kuma a cikin manyan dabi'u nan da nan bushe saman Layer na kasar gona, wanda sift calcined da sanyaya ma'adini ko wanke kogin yashi (ba tare da lãka inclusions) a kan shuka tare da na bakin ciki Layer. Sannan a zuba maganin shan soda (0.5 cokali ba tare da kai a lita 1 na ruwa ba). Kuna iya (maimakon yashi) yayyafa tare da carbon carbon foda. Zuba tare da bayani ash (0.5 tablespoon ba tare da saman 1 lita na ruwan zafi ba, bar don kwantar). Ana iya amfani da wasu hanyoyin.
• Ci gaba da sanya iska a cikin iska don musayar iska da rage zafi daga danshi daga danshi.
• Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai laushi (ba rigar). Bayan haka, har sai seedlings sun bayyana, kawai yayyafa kasar gona tare da kiyayewa, ruwa mai laushi a zazzabi, wanda za'a sashi wani katako (ba coniferous) a cikin jaka. Kuna iya ƙara 3 g na ash a kowace lita na ruwa, tace kuma yayyafa andan itacen da shuki kafin ruwa.
• Zai fi kyau a sha ruwa ta kwanon ruɓa da ruwa mai taushi.
• A lokacin da za a kewaya ruwa, barin gidan a bude koren don awanni 1-2 har sai saman kasan ya bushe.

Karanta cikakken labarinmu: Yadda za a shirya ƙasa don shuka?

M mold yana kashe

Idan matakan kariya ba su da tasiri a kan yanayin ƙasa kuma lokacin da aka sake fara shayarwa, ƙirar ta fara girma cikin sauri, yana buɗe matasa seedlings kusa da mycelium, to, suna ɗaukar matakan masu zuwa:

• Dogara bisa ga umarnin, shirya aiki mafita na phytosporin, mycosan da kuma ba da ruwa seedlings da seedlings.
• Wasu gogaggen kayan lambu masu gogewa a hankali (tare da ɗan ƙaramin yatsa) cire motsi da ya bayyana a kan ƙasa, sannan yashi ko gawayi da aka zuba gawayi a gewaye da shuki. Bayan haka, kullum bayan an sha ruwa, an cika ƙasa da busassun yashi.
• A saman kasar gona dole ne a kullum sako-sako, ba mai yawa da kumbura daga ban ruwa, domin samun isashshen sunadarin oxygen.
• Idan bayan shayar da ƙasa ya zama yadudduka saboda salts daga ma'adinan ma'adinai, to, an cire shi a hankali kuma an ƙara shi zuwa cikin gandun daji ko yashi na ma'adini. Za ku iya ɗauka da sauƙi ruwa domin mai tushe mai taushi na tsire-tsire ba su ji rauni ba, kuma ku cika shi da yashi.

Seedlings sprouted daga mold.

Amfani da sinadaran da ake amfani da su

Idan hanyoyin da ke sama ba su da tasiri a kan ƙirar, to, a cikin bayan fitowar, ana iya bi da ƙasa da shirye-shiryen sunadarai ta amfani da oxychrome, foundationazole, ko chikhah tare da ruwan ban ruwa (5 g / m2). Ana iya amfani da guda fungicides ɗin ga ƙasa sau 1-3 kafin shuka.

• Idan akwai foci shafi mold seedlings, to, an cire tsire-tsire marasa lafiya. Wurin da aka samo ganyen an magance shi da maganin 3% na sulfate na tagulla.
• An fesa tsire-tsire marasa lafiya tare da maganin maganin chichome (0.4-0.5%), cuproxate (1%), quadrice (0.1%) da sauran fungicides antifungal.

Yin amfani da samfuran halitta da ƙira a cikin shuka

Daga cikin magungunan ƙirar ƙirar-ƙira, ƙasa da jiyya na shuka tare da phytosporin-M, gamair-SP, planriz-F, alirin-B suna da tasiri bisa ga shawarwarin.

Ana fara magance cakuda ƙasa da ƙwayoyin cuta bayan sunadarai. Ana kula da tsire-tsire kwanaki 8 bayan shuka. A cikin lokaci mai zuwa, gabatarwar biofungicides a cikin ƙasa tare da shayarwa da fesawa daga tsire-tsire ana maimaita kwanakin 10-15-20 kafin dasa shuki a cikin wurin dindindin. Bayan watering, kasar gona ya kamata a kwance kuma mulched. Ba kamar magunguna ba, maganin 1 - 2-lokaci ba zai sami tasiri mai kyau ba game da rushewar ƙira.

Matakan hanawa da aiki na kulawa da aka bayyana a sama ba panacea ga fungi ba ne, amma bin shawarwarin zai ba ku damar samun koshin lafiya, kuma a nan gaba - amfanin gona mai inganci.

Baya ga waɗanda aka bayyana, masu noman kayan lambu suna amfani da wasu hanyoyi na kariya daga kyautar kamfani lokacin da suke girma seedlings, wanda za'a iya rabawa a cikin bayanan.