Pereskia

Irin wannan tsohuwar dabi'ar cacti kamar pereskiya (Pereskia) ana daukar shi wakilin dangin gidan abinci ne (Cactaceae). Wurin haifuwar wannan shuka shine Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Cacti na farko, wanda shine magabatan na zamani, ya na da ganye, amma a tsawon lokaci ya zama ƙaya saboda yanayin zafi da bushewar yanayi. Kara daga wannan tsiron ya fara cika dukkan ayyukkan ganye.

C. Plumiere ne ya fara bayyana irin wannan tsiro a cikin 1703. An samo wannan nau'in halittar ne bayan masanin kimiyar kimiyya Nicolas-Claude de Perese, wanda dan asalin Faransa ne. Pereskia ya zama wakilan cicusus na godiya ga Carl Linnaeus. Koyaya, a cikin 1754 Philip Miller ya raba su ta hanyar Peresius daban.

Yawancin waɗannan tsire-tsire ƙananan bishiyoyi ne ko kuma manyan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da ƙayayuwa mai ƙarfi mai ƙayayuwa. Furensu yana da launin shuɗi ko kore. Yankunan suna cikin sinus na ganye, daga wanda spines guda suke girma, suma zasu iya girma cikin daure. A cikin yanayi, waɗannan kashin baya suna da matukar muhimmanci ga peresk, tunda tare da taimakonsu shukawar ta jingine ga jikin bishiyoyi. A cikin shekaru, da ganye na wannan shuka juya kodadde, fara hankali bushe, kuma da farko na sauran zamani, shi kwari a kusa.

Kula da ƙidaya a gida

Haske

Wannan inji yana matukar son haske. Dandanawa masu girbi an shawarci su sanya shi kusa da windows na hanyar kudu. Ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa tun daga tsakar rana, kullun dole ne a girgiza mangare don kada konewar ta haifar da ƙwayarsa. A lokacin rani, ya fi kyau don canja wurin pereskia zuwa titi. A saboda wannan, mutum ya zaɓi wani wuri wanda zai sami kariya sosai daga hazo. A cikin taron cewa ba zai yiwu a dauki tsire a waje a lokacin rani ba, ya zama dole don tsari a kwantar da dakin da yake ciki.

A cikin hunturu da damina, wani katafaren gida yana buƙatar haske mai yawa. Tare da farkon lokacin bazara, akwai babban ƙaruwa a matakin haske, yayin da dole ne a koyar da sashin giciye a hankali.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Yana buƙatar zafi (digiri 22-23), yayin da iska kada ta yi tururuwa a cikin ɗakin, kuma samun iska na yau da kullun zai taimaka wajen guje wa wannan. A cikin kaka, ana sanya shuka a wuri mai sanyaya (kimanin digiri 15), yayin da dole ne a shirya shi don lokacin mai zuwa. A cikin hunturu, murtsunguwa yana da wani lokaci mai santsi. A wannan lokacin, yana buƙatar kwantar da hankali na dangi na digiri 12 zuwa 16, ingantaccen haske da kuma iska mai ƙarfi a cikin ɗakin. Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin dakin da akwatin murarrakin yake, bai kamata ya zama mai sanyi sama da digiri 10 ba.

Haushi

Jirgin sama tare da ƙarancin danshi yana da dacewa sosai don kulawa, amma ganyaye suna kama da ban sha'awa idan an ɗora shi a kai a kai daga mai toka tare da ruwa mai taushi.

Yadda ake ruwa

A cikin bazara da bazara, ba da shuka shuka yadda ƙasa take bushewa cikin tukunya. A cikin kaka, ya wajaba a ruwa ƙasa da kowane lokaci. Kuma a cikin hunturu, watering ya zama wanda bai isa ba, amma a lokaci guda, tabbatar cewa ganye bai faɗi ba.

Manyan miya

Ana yin riguna da yawa a cikin bazara da bazara 1 lokaci cikin makonni biyu. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin gargajiya don cacti (ɗauki ½ ɓangare na kashi da aka bada shawarar akan kunshin). A cikin hunturu, takin bazai amfani da ƙasa ba. Lokacin zabar takin, ya kamata a la'akari da cewa babban matakin nitrogen yana da haɗari ga pereskia, saboda zai iya tayar da tushen tsarin.

Cakuda ƙasa

Asan da ta dace ya kamata ya zama sako-sako, wadataccen abinci tare da ƙari na humus. Don shirye-shiryen cakuda ƙasa, yumɓu-sod da ƙasa mai laushi, yashi da humus dole ne a haɗu a cikin rabo na 2: 2: 1: 2.

Siffofin Juyawa

Samarin samfuran matasa ana dasa su cikin manyan tukwane sau da yawa a shekara (yayin da suke girma). Domin kada ya lalata tushen, an ba da shawarar ku jujjuya katako daga tukunyar zuwa tukunyar. An yiwa tsire-tsire na tsofaffi wannan hanya ne kawai idan ya zama dole, alal misali, lokacin da tushen ba su dace da tukunya.

A lokacin da dasa shuki, ya kamata a lura cewa tushen wannan murtsunguwa suna da iko sosai, sabili da haka, damar da ta dace don dasa ya zama ya zama mai faɗi sosai. Kar ka manta game da kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa. Bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan dasawa, wani pereskia ya lura da ingantaccen nasara a cikin girma.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Wannan shuka ana iya yaduwa ta hanyar itace, kuma ya girma daga tsaba.

Shuka tsaba a cikin kwalaye a cikin bazara kuma saka su cikin zafi (daga digiri 20 zuwa 22).

Yankan ana yin su ne a lokacin bazara-rani. An yanke yankan, wanda akan samu nono 1 ko 2. An dasa don dasa a cikin moistened substrate kunsha peat da perlite, kuma an rufe shi da fim a saman. Don hanzarta dasa, ana sanya su cikin zafi (daga digiri 25 zuwa 28). Hakanan ruwa yana da girma don tushen. Rooting yakan faru da sauri bayan kwanaki 14-20. Bayan dasawa, ana dasa ganyen a cikin tukwane, yayin yin wannan a tsanake domin kar a lalata tushen sa.

Karin kwari da cututtuka

Tushen wuya da tushen sa suna fara jujjuyawa yayin ambaliya, musamman lokacin sanyi mai sanyi. Dalilin na iya kasancewa cikin matattarar ƙasa ko kuma magudanar shara. Tabbatar ka bi dokokin ban ruwa kuma amfani da ƙasa kawai don dacewa.

Grey rot na kayan lambu suna bayyana a wurare daban daban na harbe. Babban zafi ko tururuwar iska a cikin ɗakin na iya ba da gudummawa ga ci gabanta. Sanya shuka a cikin yanayin haɓaka da ya fi dacewa kuma ku bi da shi da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta.

Mealybugs na iya tsayawa. Idan akwai acan cacti, to, an tsaftace kwari tare da buroshi tare da daskararren fata. Idan ya cancanta, bi da tsirrai tare da ƙwayar maganin coccidic.

Ticks da thrips kuma zasu iya daidaitawa, wanda ke cutar da harbe, fure da fure. Don kawar da su, ana amfani da magunguna na aikin da ya dace.

Shuka matsaloli

Canza juji ya zube - haske mai yawa.
Stunt girma - matalauta watering a lokacin rani ko overfilling a cikin hunturu, da shuka ba a dasa a kan lokaci.
An jawo harbe - karamin haske.
A tip na harbi ne wrinkled, a ƙasa zaku iya samun aibobi na rot rot - stagnation na danshi a cikin ƙasa (musamman a cikin hunturu).

Babban nau'ikan

Rajkumarn karakumar

Ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi suna faɗuwa tare da farkon hunturu, amma idan ɗakin bai yi ƙasa da digiri 10 ba. Kara an rufe shi da adadi mai yawa na tsalle-tsalle, tsawon sa na iya zama daidai da daga santimita 2 zuwa 3. Furannin da aka tattara cikin inflorescences ana fentin ruwan hoda.

Pereskia orange (Pereskia bleo)

A cikin manyan ganyayyaki masu adalci, hanji a bayyane suke bayyane. Furannin furanni masu launin shuɗi-diamita a diamita sun kai santimita 5-6 Suna kama da kananan wardi kuma suna buɗe a ƙarshen ranar. 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace masu kamannin launuka masu launin shuɗi cike suna tuna abarba a cikin ƙanshinsu, amma ba shi yiwuwa a ci su. Don murtsunguwa don samun daidaitaccen siffar, yana da kyau don aiwatar da kayan yau da kullun.

Pereskia farashi (Pereskia aculeata)

Wannan muƙaman mai dausayi yana da fa'ida mai fa'ida sosai, wanda a cikin inci ya kai santimita ɗaya da rabi. Ganyayyaki kore masu duhu suna da lanceolate ko siffar m, sun kai tsawon 9 santimita, da santimita 4 a faɗi. A cikin shekaru, ƙananan ganye suna tashi kewaye, kuma a wannan ɓangaren tsire-tsire ne kawai beoles brownish ya kasance, daga abin da 1 zuwa 3 wuya da madaidaiciya spines tare da launi mai launin ruwan kasa. Akwai kuma gajeren zanen gajere guda 2, waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin ginin takardar a ƙaramin ɓangaren areola. A ƙarshen bazara ko makonnin kaka na farko, murtsunguwa ya fara toho. Furannin furanni ne kawai akan matasa mai tushe. Suna da launin shuɗi-kuma ana fenti launin shuɗi tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Kowane fure mai ƙanshi kaɗan a cikin diamita na iya isa daga santimita 2.5 zuwa 4.5. 'Ya'yan itaciya masu santimita biyu-ɗari za a iya ci.