Avocado ne mai matukar ban tsoro. Yawancin masoya na lambun fure suna san cewa ba abu bane mai sauki ka shuka avocados a gida, balle a jira girbin. Dandana nashi na musamman na iya farantawa mutum sama da ɗaya. Amma, da rashin alheri, avocado tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa a gida ne mafi kusantar ta zama togiya ga dokar. Kodayake koyaushe ba koyaushe bane saboda suna shuka zuriyar orange ko jimami, suna fatan sakamako mai sauri. Kuna iya jira sama da shekara guda, da bege kuma a lokaci guda ku more dajin ko itace.
Idan ana so, zaku iya shuka iri na avocado kuma kuyi haƙuri da dukkan ƙa'idodi don yin namo da kulawa. Shin idan mafarkinka ya tabbata kuma kun jira lokacin girbi a gida?
Yadda za a yi girma avocado daga zuriya
Don girma wannan sabon abu shuka a kasashen waje, tabbas za ku buƙaci 'ya'yan itace avocado cikakke. Kawai zuriyar irin wannan 'ya'yan itace yana da babban damar germination. Wannan tsari ana iya aiwatar dashi ta hanyoyi biyu:
- Hanya ta farko (rufe) talakawa ce kuma ba ta rikitawa. Ya kamata a saka dutsen avocado a cikin ƙasa tare da faɗin ƙasa mai faɗin zuwa zurfin m (kimanin santimita 2). Lokacin ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau, yakamata ya haɗu bayan kimanin kwanaki 30.
- Hanya ta biyu (buɗe) abu ne mai ban sha'awa har ma, wanda zai iya faɗi, m.
Dole ne a shuka iri a cikin ruwan da aka dakatar kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Da farko kuna buƙatar wanke sosai kuma tsaftace shi. Sannan, kusan a tsakiyar kashin, a cikin da'irar da'ira, a hankali a huda ramuka uku ko hudu a ciki wanda a sannan zaku buƙaci shigar da sandunan katako na bakin ciki (alal misali, matattara ko haƙori). Zasuyi tallafi yayin da muka saukar da babban kashin kasusuwa cikin kwalin ruwa. Wadannan sandunan, kamar yadda ake ɗaure hannu, zasu kiyaye kashi a tsayin da ake buƙata. Babban abu shine kulawa da yawan ruwa a cikin tanki. Ofashin kashi yakamata ya kasance cikin ruwa.
Madadin ruwa, za a iya amfani da kayan haɓakar polymer na musamman (hydrogel) don shuka ƙwayoyin avocado. Wannan kayan polymer na iya ɗaukar ruwa mai yawa na dogon lokaci. A wannan hanyar, yana dacewa sosai, baku buƙatar saka idanu akan matakin.
Kwanaki 20-30 ne kawai zasu shude, kuma farkon matashin farkon zai bayyana, sannan kuma ya fito. Kashi zai kasance cikin shiri don dasawa a cikin ƙasa lokacin da tsawon Tushen ya kai santimita 4.
Da farko kuna buƙatar ƙaramar tukunyar filawa tare da manyan ramuka. Kada ƙasa ta kasance mai yawa. Dole ne a kwantar da shi sosai don tabbatar da canjin iska da musayar danshi. An dasa dutsen a cikin ƙasa don kashi biyu daga uku na ɓangarorinsa suna a saman ƙasa. Babu buƙatar cire harsashi akan ƙashi.
Avocado - girma da kulawa a gida
Wuri da Haske
Avocado shine tsire-tsire masu daukar hoto, amma inuwa m zata dace dashi. Anan dole ne a kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Idan gidanku ko ɗakin ku yana da ɗakuna tare da windows suna fuskantar yamma, to irin wannan sill taga zai zama kyakkyawan wuri don wannan 'ya'yan itace.
Zazzabi
Tunda wurare masu zafi sune wuraren avocados, yana ƙaunar zafi. Idan kuwa aka sami raguwar zazzabi ko ƙaramin daftarin, shuka zai fara nuna rashin gamsuwarsa - duk ganye zasu faɗi kai tsaye. Sabili da haka, har ma a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi, ba a so a dauke shi a waje.
Kuma dakin ya kamata kuma a kiyaye a akai zazzabi. A lokacin dumi, zazzabi mai ɗakin zai fi dacewa da avocado, amma a cikin hunturu mai sanyi zai isa da digiri 20 a Celsius.
Itace kuma tana da wani lokacin sanyi a cikin hunturu. Idan a cikin hunturu ɗakin zazzabi ya sauka zuwa digiri 12, to avocado zai amsa nan da nan - zai sauke ganye kuma ya canza zuwa yanayin "hibernation". Amma tare da kulawa da kyau da daidaiton zafin jiki akai-akai, wannan ba zai iya faruwa ba. Wannan tsire-tsire mai zafi yana ɗaukar kullun.
Dokokin Watering
Shayar da avocados a gida ya zama na yau da kullun kuma yalwatacce, amma an ba shi yawan zafin jiki da yanayin. Yawan ruwa sosai na iya cutar da yawa. A lokacin rani ana shayar da shi sau da yawa fiye da lokacin hunturu. Bayan topsoil ya bushe, kamar wata kwana ya kamata wuce kafin ka fara shayar da shuka. Kawai sashinta ya bushe nan da nan, kuma danshi da yake bukata don avocado din ya kasance a cikin tukunyar har tsawon kwana biyu.
Jin zafi
Babban mahimmanci shine zafi. Daman kusan kusan bushewar iska ne, kuma wannan yana da cutarwa sosai ga wannan tsiron. Shafa ruwa yau da kullun zai taimaka wajen magance matsalar. Yana da mahimmanci cewa a yayin irin waɗannan hanyoyin ruwa kawai iska kusa da avocado an ƙasƙantar da su, amma ba shuka ba. Ko da ƙananan ɗigon ruwa bai kamata ya fadi a cikin ganyayyaki ba.
Akwai kuma wata hanya ta danshi - wannan tire ne na musamman na tukunya tare da yumbu da aka kafe.
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Daga Satumba zuwa Maris, shuka ba ya buƙatar hadi. Amma sauran lokaci, sau ɗaya a wata, kuna buƙatar ciyar da avocado tare da taki da aka ba da shawarar 'ya'yan itatuwa Citrus ko wani hadadden ciyar.
Canza avocado
A cikin yanayi, avocados suna girma zuwa mita 20 a tsayi. Kodayake a gida bai kai irin wannan tsaunin ba, amma yana daɗaɗa girma kuma yana buƙatar ɗaukar hoto akai-akai. Ba da daɗewa ba, karamin tukunya na farko zai zama ƙarami a gare shi. Da zaran itacen ya girma zuwa santimita 15, lokaci yayi da za ayi dashi a cikin babban akwati. A lokacin karami, avocados ake dasawa a cikin kowace shekara, sannan kuma sau daya a kowace shekara uku.
Babban mahimmancin ci gaba da haɓaka shuka shine ƙasar da yake girma. Musamman, avocado yana buƙatar kowane ƙasa mai kwance da haske, amma ba acidic. Zai yi kyau a ƙara ash na itace ko garin dolomite a irin wannan ƙasa.
Lokacin sake dasa shuka a cikin sabon tukunya, yi amfani da hanyar kwanciyar hankali. A hankali ɗaukar itacen tare da dunƙule na ƙasa.
Kuna iya shirya cakuda ƙasa mai amfani don avocados akan kanku. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar: peat (ko humus), filayen lambun da yashi mara nauyi. Duk abubuwan da aka gyara dole ne a hade su daidai.
Turawa
Wannan tsire-tsire mai zafi a gida na iya zama abin ado na ado na ɗakin. Gaskiya ne, wannan zai buƙaci ɗan ƙwarewa a cikin aikin gona. Misali, zaku iya shuka tsirrai dayawa daga tsaba avocado ku dasa su gaba daya a tukunyar fure guda. A halin yanzu, tsire-tsire matasa ne da sassauƙa, zaku iya murɗa asalinsu tare da aladu.
Saboda haka shuka ba ya shimfiɗa ba ga tsayi, amma yana samun kwalliya a cikin hanyar harbe harbe, dole ne a pinched. Ana iya aiwatar da wannan hanyar kawai lokacin da isasshen ganye (aƙalla takwas) akan bishiya. Da farko, yanke saman shuka, wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga cigaban rassan gefe. Kuma bayan an isasshen tsari kuma suna samun ganyayyaki, kuna iya tsunkule su.
Pruning ne yake aikata a farkon bazara. Wajibi ne don haɓaka girma da haɓakar shuka, kazalika don ƙirƙirar kambi da kake buƙata. Zai iya zama daban-daban. Dukkanta ya dogara ne akan tunanin mai girbi.
Cutar, kwari da sauran matsaloli
Avocados, kamar duk gidajen yara, suna jin tsoron karin kwari iri guda - scabbard da gizo-gizo mite. A m gizo-gizo gizo-gizo mite iya ba kawai halaka duk ganye a kan shuka, amma kuma iya canja wurin cututtuka daban-daban zuwa wasu furanni na cikin gida. Scale yana ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace tsire-tsire. Bayan bayyanar sa, ganye kawai ya ragu. Kuna iya ma'amala da irin wannan kwari ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na hanyoyin ko magungunan kashe kwari.
Daga cikin cututtukan, babban haɗari ga avocados shine mildew powdery.
Yayin aiwatar da girma, wasu matsaloli na iya tasowa:
Hannun ganyayyaki sun bushe. Dalilan - ba a lura da ka'idodin ban ruwa (rashin danshi), karancin zafi. Yana da Dole a tsayar da ruwa na yau da kullun (kawai bayan bushewa saman Layer na ƙasa) da kuma ƙasƙantar da iska a cikin ɗakin tare da taimakon spraying.
Bar ganye ya faɗi. Dalilan sune zayyanawa da ƙananan yanayin iska a cikin ɗakin. Wajibi ne a kula da yanayin zafin da ya fi kyau a cikin ɗakin kuma ya hana zayyana.
Balle na ganye. Dalilan sune rashin hasken wuta. Wajibi ne a sami wurin da ya dace don shuka ko shirya ƙarin (na wucin gadi) hasken wuta a kanta, musamman a lokacin hunturu.
