Dutsen ash

Mountain ash (Sorbus) asalin halittar tsirrai ne na kabilar Apple, wanda wakilin dangin Pink ne. Dangane da bayanan da aka karɓa daga kafofin daban-daban, wannan asalin ya haɗu da jinsin 80-100. Dutsen ash yana da ja, ko talakawa (Sorbus aucuparia) itace itaciya ce da ire-iren dutsen ash, an bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasashen Turai, Caucasus da Yammacin Asiya. Wannan nau'in yana da kewayon yawa, wanda ya isa har ma da Nisan Arewa. A cikin tsaunuka, ash dutse mai narkewa yayi girma a cikin nau'i na ciyayi, yayin da suke tashi zuwa iyakar ciyawar. Sunan kimiyya na kwayoyin "sorbus" ya fito ne daga harshen Celtic, yana nufin "daci, tart" a fassarar, wannan ya faru ne saboda ɗanɗano na berries. Sunan nau'in ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin, wacce ke fassara a matsayin "tsuntsu" da "kama". Gaskiyar ita ce, berries na wannan shuka suna son cin tsuntsaye, don haka mutane suka yi amfani da su kamar ƙura.

Irin wannan itace wani ɓangare ne na al'adun Scandinavians, Slavs da Celts. Sun yi imani da cewa ash dutsen yana da iko na sihiri. Don haka, wannan shuka ta taimakawa sojoji a cikin fadace-fadace, kuma sun ba da kariya daga maita da kuma duniyar matattu. Idan ka kalli 'ya'yan itacen da aka samo daga ƙasa, zai kasance kama da ɗaya daga cikin alamomin arna na k equi arifin - tauraro mai isharar kayan wuta. Yayin bikin, an sanya ganyen bishiyar rowan a takalmin ma'auratan. An yi amfani da itace don ƙirƙirar sanduna masu tafiya. Irin wannan shuka an dasa shi kusa da gidan, kuma idan an lalata shi ko lalacewa, alama ce ta mummunar mummunar alama.

Siffar bishiyar rowan

Dutsen ash daji ne ko itace wanda tsayinsa bai wuce mita 12 ba. Siffar kambi na zagaye, a farfajiya mai launin toka-toka akwai fitsari. A cikin itatuwan manya, haushi ya yi laushi kuma mai sheki; yana da launin ruwan kasa-launin toka ko launin toka-mai-haske. Fuskokin ganye waɗanda ba a shirya su akai-akai faranti suna da tsawon santimita 20, suna haɗawa daga 7 zuwa 15 nuna shimfidar ganye mai zurfi tare da ƙusoshin rashi, gaban su shine matte, kore, kuma gefen da ba daidai ba ana fentin cikin inuwa mai haske kuma tana da walƙiya. A cikin kaka, ganye yakan canza launi zuwa launin ja da launin zinari.

Magnificentarfin ƙarshe na corymbose na ƙarshe yana da diamita na kusan santimita 10; sun ƙunshi babban adadin fararen furanni waɗanda ke da ƙanshi mai daɗi. 'Ya'yan itacen itace apple ne mai laushi mai launi ja-orange, diamita wanda ya kai 10 mm. Irin wannan itacen yana fure a watan Mayu da Yuni. Berries cikakken ripen a cikin makonni na ƙarshe lokacin bazara ko na farko - a cikin kaka.

Lokacin dasa shuki, yakamata a tuna cewa irin wannan al'adar tana yin mummunar illa ga hayaki da gurbata iska, da kuma lalata ruwa da tsawa a cikin ruwa.

Dutsen ash itace an san shi da sassauƙa da taurin kai, mai sauqi ne don aiwatarwa. A zamanin da, ana amfani da shi wajen yin runes da ƙyallen. Ana amfani da berries na wannan al'ada don yin dyes don masana'anta.

Rowan dasa a cikin ƙasa bude

Tun da itacen ash dutsen yana da tsayi sosai, ana bada shawara a dasa shi a kan iyakar gonar, wanda idan hakan ba zai haifar da girgiza shafin ba. Utasa mai gina jiki (haske ko matsakaici loam wanda ke riƙe ruwa da kyau) ya fi dacewa, amma ash dutse kuma za'a iya girma akan ƙasa mai ƙima. An bada shawarar dasa shuki a cikin bazara kafin kwararar ruwan itace ta fara, ko kuma a cikin kaka - lokacin faduwar ganye. Don tara girbi mai kyau, ana bada shawara a shuka tsirrai da dama iri daban-daban a lokaci daya.

Lokacin sayen seedlings, yin cikakken bincike game da tushen tsarin ya kamata a yi, kula da gaskiyar cewa dole ne ya kasance cikakkiyar lafiya da haɓaka. Tsarin tushen ci gaba yana da rassa 2 ko 3, wanda ya kai tsawon sama da 0.2 m Ba da shawarar siyan seedling tare da asalinsu waɗanda ba sa bushe. Binciki haushi, bai kamata a wrinkled ba, amma mai santsi. Yanke karamin karamin haushi daga shuka, idan gefenta ya zama ruwan kasa, ciyawar na iya mutu. A cikin tsirrai masu rayuwa, zai sami launin launi. Kafin dasa shuki, yakamata a shirya shuka, domin wannan ya zama dole don yanke duk masu rauni, bushe da lalacewar cutar mai tushe da asalinsu. Idan an dasa tokar dutsen a cikin kaka, to, dukkanin faranti na ganye sukan tsage rassan sa, alhali bai kamata kuyi kokarin cutar da kodan da ke cikin sinus din ba.

Tsakanin seedlings, ya kamata a lura da nisa daga 4 zuwa 6 mita, daidai wannan tsayi ya kamata daga dutsen ash zuwa wasu bishiyoyi na gonar. Diamita da zurfin ramin na iya bambanta daga 0.6 zuwa 0.8 m. Kafin dasawa, shirya cakuda ƙasa, wadda yakamata ta ƙunshi kilo 5 na saman da ciyawar takin, gram 200 na superphosphate, shebur 2-3 na tumatir mai jujjuya da gram 100 na itace ash . Mix kome da kyau. Zuba 1/3 na ramin tare da wannan cakuda ƙasa, bayan wannan rabin dole ne a cika da ƙasa mai lahani. Sannan a zuba lita 10 na ruwa a cikin ramin. Jira har sai ruwan ya gama shiga cikin ƙasa.

Tushen tushen shuka dole ne a tsoma shi a cikin yumɓu mai yumɓu, sannan an shigar da shi nan da nan a tsakiyar ramin ginin, wanda aka rufe da ƙasa daga sama ko kuma tare da ragowar ƙasa cakuda. Lokacin da aka dasa shukar, saman ƙasa a kusa da shi dole ne a yi rauni, to, ana shayar da shi da kyau. Ya kamata a dasa itacen 20-30 mm zurfi fiye da yadda aka yi girma a cikin gandun daji. Bayan da ruwan ya zama cikakke cikin da'irar gangar jikin bayan ban ruwa, dole ne a rufe farfajiyar da ciyawa (peat, ciyawa, sawki, humus, hay, bambaro ko wasu kayan kwayoyin), kauri wanda zai iya bambanta daga 5 zuwa 10 santimita.

Mountain ash kula

A cikin namo dutsen ash ba sabon abu bane. Ga al'ada girma da bunƙasa shuka, ya zama dole ruwa, ciyawa, sassauta ƙasa ƙasa a cikin wani yanayi dace, yanke, ciyar da aiwatar da jiyya a cikin yaki da kwari da cututtuka.

Irin wannan bishiyar tana buƙatar shayarwa ne kawai a lokacin fari. Ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa shuka yana buƙatar m ruwa a farkon farkon lokacin girma da kuma bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude, da kuma sauran kwanaki 15-20 kafin girbi, kuma makonni 2-3 bayan hakan. Tare da kewaye da da'irar akwati, ana bada shawara yin tsagi a cikin abin da ruwa ke gudana yayin ban ruwa. Ana ɗaukar lita 20 zuwa 30 na ruwa a kowace bishiya don ban ruwa ɗaya, yayin da adadin ƙarshe na ruwa da aka yi amfani da shi ya dogara da yanayin da abun da ke cikin ƙasa, har ma da shekarun viburnum da kanta.

Dole ne a kwance saman da'irar gangar jikin a farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin bazara ana aiwatar da wannan hanya daga sau 2 zuwa 3. Kuma lallai za a kwance saman da'irar akwatin bayan an gama girbin amfanin. Hanya mafi sauki don sassauta kasar a rana bayan ruwan sama ko ruwa. A lokacin kwance, kana buƙatar share duk ciyawa mai ciyawa. Lokacin da aka kwance da'irar kusa-gangar jikin, dole ne a sake sake rufe farfajiya da ciyawa.

Don sanya ash dutsen ya zama mai wadatarwa, za ta buƙaci ciyar da tsarin. An fara daga shekara ta uku na girma, an gabatar da humus ko takin a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin shuka - daga kilo 5 zuwa 8 da ammonium nitrate - 50 grams. A farkon Yuni, bulo 1 na tsuntsu sau 1 (1:10) ko mullein (1: 5) ya kamata a zuba a ƙarƙashin itacen. Madadin takin gargajiya, zaka iya amfani da maganin Agrolife. A cikin makonni na bazara, kwanan nan, 100 grams na superphosphate da milligram 500 na itace ash dole ne a kara a cikin da'irar akwati.

Ana yin Pruning a farkon lokacin bazara kafin lokacin farkawa da kodan. Yana da Dole a yanke duk busassun harbe da cutar ta shafa da girma a cikin kambi, har da waɗanda suka bar a kusurwar dama. Wadancan nau'ikan da suka ba da 'ya'yan itace a kan mai tushe na bara suna buƙatar thinning da ɗan rage daga cikin rassan. Idan an lura da fruiting akan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace, to irin wannan bishiyoyin zasu buƙaci yin lamuran lokaci-lokaci da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, kazalika da rage gaɓoɓin rassan kwarangwal.

Babban mahimmancin mahimmancin pruning rowan berries shine mafi kyawu kuma a ko'ina suna haskaka kambi, wannan yana da tasiri sosai ga yawan amfanin ƙasa. Saboda gaskiyar cewa irin wannan itacen yana da kambi na kambi na pyramidal, rassan sun girma a wani kusurwa mai kauri zuwa gindin, wanda ya sa suka zama mafi rauni. Lokacin ƙirƙirar rassan kwarangwal, wajibi ne don ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa an nuna su a kusurwa ko kusurwa dama.

Idan inji yana da ƙananan ƙaruwa, to, zai buƙaci rigar tsufa. An yi shi akan itace shekara biyu ko shekaru uku, sakamakon abin da ake kunna ci gaban sabbin harbewa.

Cutar da kwari

A watan Mayu ko Yuni, kuna buƙatar bincika ash dutsen sosai, domin a wannan lokacin ne alamun farko na cutar ko lalacewa ta hanyar kwari masu cutarwa na iya bayyana. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan masu zuwa: anthracnose, septoria, launin ruwan kasa da launin toka mai haske, mildew powder, monolioz, scab, tsatsa, necrosis (baƙar fata, nectrium da cytospore) da mosaic viral zobe. Idan an dasa shuka gaba daya lafiya, yayin dasa shuki da kulawa da shi, an kiyaye duk dokokin fasahar aikin gona na wannan al'adar, to kuwa ash dutse ba zai taba yin rashin lafiya ko kaɗan ba. Gaskiyar ita ce kawai bishiyoyi masu rauni sun raunana ga cututtuka. Koyaya, duk da komai, ya zama dole lokaci-lokaci don bincika ashwar dutsen, don haka, idan ya cancanta, ana fara kula da lokaci.

Kowane irin nau'in necrosis, da mosaic, sune cututtuka marasa magani. A wannan batun, dole ne mu yi ƙoƙari don kada bishiyar ta kamu da cuta kwata-kwata, kuma don wannan wajibi ne don aiwatar da matakan kariya da yawa. Wajibi ne don ɗaukar halayen halaye masu mahimmanci don zaɓin kayan kayan shuka, shafin zai buƙaci shirye-shiryen shuka kafin, manufar wanda shine halakar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Hakanan, tare da bayyanar kwari da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta, yana da mahimmanci don kawar da su da sauri, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa da'irar akwati a koyaushe yana da tsabta. Kar ku manta da yin gwaje-gwaje na lokaci-lokaci na ash dutse, saboda kowane cuta ya fi sauki waraka a matakin farko na ci gaba.

Mountain ash yana cutar da waɗannan cututtukan kamar sauran al'adun dangin Pink (bishiyoyin apple, plums, pears). Haka kuma, alamun cututtuka da hanyoyin magani iri daya ne.

Kimanin nau'ikan tsintsaye 60 da sauran kwari masu lahani waɗanda ke haifar da tushe, berries, tsaba, faranti, furanni da kuma itacen itace zasu iya tsayawa a kan dutsen. Yawancin waɗannan kwari zasu iya tsayawa akan albarkatu na 'ya'yan itace daban-daban na dangin Pink. Mafi sau da yawa a kan dutse ash itace kafa:

Weevils. Ana amfani da Karbofos don halakar da su.
Barkwan ƙwaro. Don kawar da su, ya kamata a fesa tsire tare da Confidor, Actara da Lepidocide.
Bishiyoyi. Don share wadannan kwari, ana amfani da Karbofos, Chlorophos ko Cyanox.
Rowan Gall Mites. Lokacin da suka bayyana, an yayyafa itacen da sulfur colloidal.
Rowan kwari. An lalata su da Chlorophos.
Green apple aphid. Don lalata, ana amfani da Decis ko Actellik.
Garkuwa. Kuna iya kawar da su idan kun fesa dutsen ash tare da 30 da ƙari.
Ganyayyaki masu 'ya'yan itace apple. Don lalata su, suna amfani da jiko na farin mustard. Don shirya shi, kuna buƙatar haɗa 1 lita na ruwa da gram 10 na mustard foda, komai yana hade kuma an bar shi tsawon awanni 24. Kafin amfani, jiko ya kamata a diluted da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 5.

Don hana karin kwari, itaciyar tana buƙatar a fesa a cikin ganye kafin kwararar ruwan ta fara, don wannan suna amfani da maganin maganin jan karfe (100 giram a guga na ruwa). Fitar da dutsen ash da kuma saman da'irar kusa da Nitrafen, wacce za'ayi a lokacin bazara, shima yana da tasiri. Hakanan, don dalilan yin rigakafi a cikin fall, ya zama dole a tayar da dukkan tsintsiya daga shafin kuma a lalata ta, yayin da aka tono ƙasa.

Rowan yaduwa

Domin yaduwar dutsen toka, yin amfani da tsirrai da hanya (iri). Yawancin nau'ikan ash dutsen suna yawanci girma daga tsaba. Shuka tsaba samar a cikin kaka. Don farawa, an cire su daga 'ya'yan itãcen kuma an wanke su daga ragowar ɓangaren litattafan almara, to, suna buƙatar binne su a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar 0.5-1 cm. Daga sama, saman amfanin gona ya kamata a rufe shi da wani yanki na ciyawa (busassun ganye da ya bushe). Idan an shirya seeding don bazara, zasu buƙaci daidaitawa. Don yin wannan, an haɗa su tare da yashi mai nauyi a cikin rabo (1: 3), to ya kamata a adana cakuda a zazzabi a ɗakin don makonni 4-8, sannan a ɗora kan shiryayyen firiji wanda aka tsara don kayan lambu don watanni 3-4. Seedlings da suka bayyana bukatar na din-din-din ruwa da kuma weeding, kazalika da loosening kasar gona surface kewaye da su. Dasawa seedlings zuwa makaranta ne da za'ayi a cikin kaka. 'Ya'yan itaciya, wanda ya girma ta hanyar kayan halitta, yana farawa daga shekaru 4-5.

Don yada farfadden itacen dutse na kwari mai ɗorewa, ana amfani da hanyoyin ciyayi, misali: kore da lignified cuttings, grafting, layering da harbe. A matsayin tushen tushen gra grafting grafting, ana bada shawara don ɗaukar Nevezhinskaya, talakawa ko Moravian Row seedling girma daga zuriya. Ya kamata a ba da maganin a cikin kwanakin farko na watan Afrilu, lokacin da kwararar ruwan zai fara farawa, haka kuma a watan Yuli ko Agusta. Cire miya daga wurin alurar bayan kwana 20. Ya kamata a datse saman hannun jari, yayin da karyewar ya kamata ya kasance. Zuwa wannan karim, kuma kuna buƙatar yin madaidaiciyar ƙwayar bugun ƙwayar cuta.

Idan ash dutsen yana da tushe, to don yaduwarsa, ana iya amfani da harbe. Ganyen kore ba su da tushe sosai, a kan matsakaita 4.5-6 daga ƙananan 10. Kuma ƙananan igiyoyi masu tushe suna da tushe ko da waɗanda suka fi kore kore.

Nau'in da nau'ikan ash na dutse tare da hoto da bayanin

'Yan lambu suna noma yawancin nau'in ash. Yawancin waɗannan nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace ne, amma akwai kuma kayan ado.

Kakakinka (kayanka sorbus)

A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana samun wannan nau'in a Japan da Khabarovsk Territory, kazalika a Sakhalin, Kamchatka da tsibirin Kuril. Wannan itace mai ban mamaki ya kai tsayin 250 cm. Ba kambi mai tsananin gaske na iya zama zagaye ko tsallake. Madaidaiciyar danda mai tushe na launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi suna da launi mai laushi mai laushi a saman, rassa masu launin toka da lentils dabam. Farantin ganye wanda ba a rufe ba ya kai tsawon 18 santimita kuma yana da ka'idoji na siffar lanceolate. Abun da yadaran faranti ya ƙunshi daga 7 zuwa 15 ovate mai kaifi-toothed ganye da duhu koren launi, suna da haske kuma kusan danda, waɗanda ke kan petioles na haske launin ja. Cikakken corymbose inflorescences sun kunshi furanni suna da girman kusan 15 mm da fari ko launin shuɗi. A saman twigs da pedicels ne pubescence na haske ja launi. Berbe mai ɗanɗano suna da wadataccen launi mai launin ja da mai sihiri, suna da dutsen milimita-goma-sha-biyar da dandano mai daɗi da ɗanɗano. Hakanan basu da haushi kuma suna da ƙanshi mai daɗi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, ba za su fadi daga rassan ba har sai lokacin bazara. Wannan tsire-tsire yana ƙasa wa ƙasa, kuma yana da tsayayya wa fari da daskarewa.

Mountain ash Glogovin (Sorbus torminalis), ko Birch magani

A cikin daji, ana iya samun wannan nau'in a cikin Crimea, Yammacin Turai, Caucasus, Kudu maso Yammacin Ukraine da .an Asiya. Irin wannan dutsen mai tsaunin dutse ba ya girma cikin manyan manya-manya ko kuma kaɗaici.A tsayi, irin wannan bishiyar na iya kaiwa mita 25. Gefensa an rufe shi da ɓawon burodi na launin toka mai duhu, wanda ke da fasa a tsaye. A kan matasa harbe haushi da launi na zaitun. Wuraren ganye mai siffar launuka masu sauƙin gaske ya kai 18 santimita a tsayi, a gindi suna da kamannin zuciya da zagaye, su ma ana nuna su, daga sama akwai daga ruwan zuwa 3 zuwa 5. Fuskokin gaban ganyayyaki masu launin kore ne mai duhu, ciki kuwa na da gashi-gashi. A cikin kaka, launin ganye yakan canza launin zuwa launin rawaya ko lemo. Loose corymbose inflorescences, kai diamita na 8 santimita, kunshi ƙananan (kimanin 10 mm a diamita) fararen furanni. A'idodin berries, kai girman diamita na 1.8 cm, suna da launin ja ko launin ruwan lemo, wanda a hankali ya canza zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Jikin Mealy yana da dandano mai daɗi. Wannan nau'in yana da tsayayya sosai ga sanyi, amma ba ya bambanta da haƙuri sakamakon fari. Akwai fasali na ado 2:

tare da foushin pubescent;
Tare da faranti-disse mara amfani.

Mountain ash (Sorbus mahaifar), ko babban dutse ash (Crimean)

A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana samun wannan nau'in a Kudancin Yammacin Turai da kuma Crimea; ya fi dacewa a yi girma a ƙarƙashin gandun daji mai tsayi ko guda ɗaya. Wannan inji ana saninsa da jinkirin girma kuma ya kai girman 15 mita. Siffar kambi mai fadi-kamar sihiri. Haushi da yake rufe akwati an riga an karye shi a cikin karamin shuka. Amma mai tushe kusan kusan danda, santsi da mai sheki. Abun cikin farantin ganye wanda ba a gama aiki da shi ba, wanda ya kai tsawon santimita 18, ya hada da sheki mai santsi, takaddun takarda mai launi iri iri, wanda aka fenti a kore ko kuma yana da tsawon kusan 50 mm. Wide-pyramidal branched ji-pubescent inflorescences, da diamita of game da 10 santimita, kunshi furanni a fadin wanda ya kai 15 mm kuma ana fentin fararen ko farin shuɗi. Za a iya fentin furanni mai launin kore, mai nisan mil 30, ana iya yin fenti da launin shuɗi, launin ja ko launin ruwan kasa, mai daɗin launi, ƙamshi mai ɗanɗano, ɗan ƙaramin ƙamshi mai ƙanshi, wanda ya haɗa da sel da yawa. Irin wannan shuka yana da tsayayya ga kwari, fari da sanyi. Akwai hanyoyi guda 2:

siffar lu'u-lu'u;
apple mai siffa

Sorria aria (Sorbus aria), ko aria, ko rowan rowa

A yanayi, ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin Carpathians da kuma cikin tsaunukan Tsakiya da Kudancin Turai. Tsawon irin wannan itace mai tsayi kusan mita 12. Siffar kambi ya zama sananne-dalaramram. An rufe gangar jikin da launin ruwan hoda-ja ko launin shuɗi, a farfajiyar mai tushe akwai jijiyoyin wuya. Fata mai laushi duka faranti na zagaye na elliptical siffar tare da gefen kaifi-bicapillary. Yayin budewar, saiwoyin ya yi fari-fari, sannan gaban gaban ganye ya zama kore. A cikin kaka, launin ganye yana canzawa zuwa launuka daban-daban na launi na tagulla, saboda wannan, toka mai kankara ya fara zama kamar alder. Garkuwa, a diamita ya kai santimita 8, ya kunshi fararen furanni. Cikakke berries mai siffar zobe a diamita kai 15 mm, suna fentin a cikin ja-orange ko ruwan hoda-orange launi. -An itace daɗaɗɗu mai ɗanɗano-ɗanɗano ba shi da daɗi kamar a cikin nau'in 'ya'yan itace mai daɗi. Horar tun 1880. Akwai da yawa siffofin lambu:

Decaysne. Furanni da faranti na ganye na wannan tsari sun fi girma.
Ciyar mai. Siffar faranti takarda ne elliptical ko oblong. Berriesan itacen da ke cikin wannan shuka sun ɗan girma fiye da na babban jinsin.
Chrysophyll. A duk tsawon lokacin, Fentin na fenti ne mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. A cikin kaka, ya zama mai launin rawaya.
Manifix. A lokacin budewa, faranti ganye farare ne mai dusar ƙanƙara, a lokacin rani gabanninsu na gaba ya zama kore. A lokacin fall, launin su ya canza zuwa tagulla. Ja berries akan farfajiya suna fitowa a cikin hanyar farin tari.
Mai martaba. Tsawon irin wannan shuka kusan mita 15 ne. Ba ya samar da berries.

Tumbin dutse ashsha (Sorbus x hybrida)

Wannan tsire-tsire ne na halitta mai tsaka-tsakin dutsen ash da ash ash. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya samun wannan nau'in a Arewacin Turai. Cikakken faranti na ganye suna haɗa abubuwa masu sauki da kuma ganye. Fuskar ta gaban ganye ta zama kore kuma bare, kuma gefen da ba daidai ba yana da launin toka ko launin toka. Lambu na girma ne kawai daya da ke hade - da Thuringian iri, wanda aka samu ta hanyar haye zagaye-leaved dutse ash da ja dutse ash. A cikin wannan bishiyar, idan aka kwatanta da rawanin rowan, ba a yankar ruwan tabarau na ganye akan ganye ba, yayin da suke kara haske da fadi.

Mountain ash talakawa (ja)

Ana iya samun cikakken bayanin wannan nau'in a farkon labarin. Yana da adadi mai yawa na siffofin kayan ado, waɗanda suka bambanta a tsakanin su ta hanyar launi na berries, siffar kambi da launi na foliage, misali: Burka, giya, rumman, kayan zaki, Michurin, pyramidal, hawaye, Beysner, Nevezhinsky, Moravian, ko zaki, Fifeana, da dai sauransu. Duk wadannan nau'ikan suna da irin rawar gani a duk tsawon lokacin girma. Ya kamata a biya musamman da hankali akan waɗannan siffofin:

Nevezhinskaya. A waje, wannan nau'ikan da kuma manyan nau'ikan suna da alaƙa. An bambanta waɗannan tsire-tsire ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa berries na dutsen ash na Nevezhinsky ba su da haushi da astringency, har ma ba a farfado ba, lokacin da manyan nau'ikan zasu iya cin abinci kawai bayan sanyi na farko sun shude.
Mountain ash Moravian ko zaki. An samo shi a cikin yanayi a cikin tsaunin Sudeten. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan, faranti na ganye sun fi budewa, kuma fure irin wannan ash ɗin dutsen yana fara ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Inflorescences wani lokacin zai iya haɗawa da furanni kusan 150. 'Ya'yan itaciya masu launin ja-mai-launi suna da dunƙule mai ruwan kwalliya mai launi mai ɗanɗano da dandano mai ɗanɗano.
Liqueur. Wannan nau'ikan da aka haifa godiya ga Michurin, saboda wannan ya haye cikin baƙar fata chokeberry da ash ash. Launin berries yana da baki da shunayya. Wannan itacen ash yana da tsayayyen sanyi mai tsauri.
Grenade. An haife jinsunan ne sakamakon tsallake babban itacen Hawthorn da ja dutse ash a 1925. Tsawon irin wannan bishiyar ya kai kusan cm 400. Fasaha, mai sheki, faranti masu sauƙi suna da tsawon santimita 17. A cikin sashin na sama, ganyen duk sunshalli ne ko kuma tsallake, kuma a ƙananan ɓangaren an rarraba su. Burgundy zaki da-m berries suna da girman daidai da ceri. Tsarin yana da tsananin juriya mai tsananin sanyi.
Burka. An haifeshi ne a cikin 1918 lokacin da yake hayewa dutse mai dutse da kuma ash ash. Faranti masu sauƙi masu launin shuɗi masu duhu suna kewaya cirrus kuma suna da ƙarancin shiga jiki. Berriesoshin ruwan hoda masu launin ruwan kasa-ja masu tsayi cikin girma. Ash duwatsun dutse yana da kyau a duk tsawon lokacin.
Kayan zaki na Michurinskaya. Wannan haɓaka tsakanin mashaya ash da dutse na Jamusanci. Tsawon itacen itace kawai 300 cm, kambi yana da faɗi. Farantin ganye wanda ba a iya girki a jikin faranti ya kai 18 santimita a tsayi, sun kunshi nau'i 6 ko 7 nau'i na ganye mai launin kore, gefen baya wanda shine ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi. Matsakaicin matsakaici mai launin shuɗi mai duhu-yayi kama da sifar ga 'ya'yan medlar. Itacen yana da babban kayan ado da juriya sanyi.

Hakanan 'yan lambu suna noma irin nau'in ash na dutse kamar: cakuda, matsakaici, ko Yaren mutanen Sweden, alder, Köhne, Vilmorena, Amur da wasu.

Mafi kyawun nau'in ash ash dutse

Hade. Dankin yana da matsakaici-sized. A berries ne m da dandana kama da cranberries.
Bethes. Dankin-mai ɗanɗano mai daɗin ɗan itace yana sanyawa ta hanyar yawan aiki mai ƙarfi da juriya sanyi. Dalilin wannan iri-iri shine tebur da kayan zaki. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mai ruwan hoda-mai haske suna rawar gani ƙwarai
Hasken rana. A iri-iri ne barga fruiting. Bishiyar Orange cike da jan launi suna da daɗi, sabo ne, da kuma sukari tare da sukari mai tsauri.
Sorbinka. An bambanta iri-iri ta hanyar yawan aiki da juriya sanyi. The berries suna da ja da girma, ana iya ci sabo ko kuma ana amfani dasu don sarrafawa.

Irin waɗannan nau'in ash ash dutse kuma suna da mashahuri sosai: Kirsten Pink, Red Type, Kushin zinare, Farin Max, Shimi Glow, Leonard Springer, Fastigiata, Integrima, Germins, Titanium, da dai sauransu.

Ash dutse a cikin shimfidar wuri

Dutsen ash a cikin shimfidar wuri zai iya taka sakandare ko babban rawar. Arbor da arches suna yin ado da nau'i na rowanberry, ana kuma dasa shi a kan ciyawar ko gefen gandun daji nesa da sauran bishiyoyi, kamar shuka na solo.

Irin wannan shuka yana da kyau a cikin rukuni tare da sauran tsirrai da bishiyoyi, alal misali, naman alade, spirea, dusar ƙanƙara ko barberry. Ash Mountain kuma yana tafiya sosai tare da conifers (thuja, Pine, fir ko spruce). Musamman ma a cikin fall, lokacin da a kan launi ko kore baya na coniferous itatuwa, m dutse ash alama m.

Hakanan, ana iya dasa wannan shuka tare da bishiyoyi masu lalacewa: Linden, black poplar, maple, ash da fari willow. Yawancin nau'ikan ash dutsen suna da ikon ƙarfafa tasirin viburnum, ash na dutse na ash, daskaɗan zuma da wardi mai lalacewa. Daga wani daji Rowan zaka iya ƙirƙirar shinge, a kan wanda fure furanni zai yi kyau. Zabi wani wuri don shuka irin wannan al'adar, mutum ya kamata ya manta cewa yana mayar da martani sosai game da iska mai ƙamshi da ƙamshi wanda yake shi ne asalin birane.

Abubuwan da ke cikin dutse ash: cutarwa da fa'idodi

M kaddarorin dutsen ash

Akwai jan ja da yawa a cikin ruwan 'Rowan' berries, ana samun sa fiye da lemons. Har ila yau, berries suna dauke da bitamin P, B2, PP, K da E, kazalika da provitamin A, glycosides, amino acid, pectins, haushi, tannins, acid na Organic (succinic, citric da malic), flavonoids, aidin, potassium, magnesium, baƙin ƙarfe. , jan ƙarfe, manganese, zinc, giya, mahimmin mai da mai canzawa. Irin waɗannan berries ana rarrabe su ta hanyar diaphoretic, hemostatic, choleretic da sakamako diuretic. A Norway, ana amfani da irin wannan tsiro a matsayin warkarwa mai warkarwa da sikari, a cikin Hungary ana amfani dashi don magance dysentery, a cikin Bulgaria ana cire duwatsun da kodan tare da berries.

Tunda akwai bitamin da yawa a cikin berries, ana amfani dasu don inganta yanayin jiki tare da ciwon sukari, koda da cututtukan hanta, ƙonewa, basur, cututtukan narkewa, musamman tare da gastritis, colitis da ciwon peptic.

Ruwan ash na tsaunin dutse yana taimakawa wajen kara kuzari, saboda haka ana bada shawarar yin amfani dashi don jin zafi, ci, kodan koda da mafitsara. Wannan ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana da ikon kawar da edema, daidaita al'ada metabolism, ƙananan cholesterol, dakatar da zubar jini kuma suna da sakamako na antimicrobial. Wani ruwan 'ya'yan itace an nuna shi don amfani dashi a gout, atherosclerosis, asthenia, fragility of capillaries, hauhawar jini, arrhythmias, zub da jini da ciwan ƙonewa, har ila yau da guba na carbon monoxide.

Ana samun kaddarorin warkarwa a cikin furanni, haushi, ruwan tabarau na ganye da kuma berries na itacen ash. Ana kula da hauhawar jini tare da yin amfani da haushi, yayin da ake ba da shawarar scurvy don ɗaukar ƙwayar daga ganyaye, tun da sun ƙunshi yawancin bitamin C (fiye da a cikin berries). Ana amfani da shirye-shirye daga furanni da berries don cututtukan cututtukan hanji, don rikicewar rayuwa da kuma sanyi.

Hakanan ana iya amfani da irin wannan shuka a waje don raunuka, raunuka daban-daban, ƙonewa da warts.

A cikin masana'antun kayan ado, ana amfani da rowan berries na rowan, waɗanda suke multivitamin, a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa. Ana amfani dasu don samar da kayan leye, abubuwan giya, vodka, cika da tinctures, marmalade, marmalade, jelly, pastille, adanawa da abubuwan sha mai taushi.

Ana amfani da kayan ado na cikakke na rowan berries a cikin maganin dabbobi don kula da cututtukan huhu a cikin dabbobi.

Don haɓaka kiwon lafiya da safe, ana bada shawara don amfani da abin sha daga ash na dutse, wanda ke da kaddarorin tonic. Da maraice, a cikin thermos-3 lita, kuna buƙatar zuba babban cokali biyu na sabo ko busasshen rowan berries, barberry kuma ya tashi hip. An cika shi da ruwa mai tsayayyen sabo kuma an rufe shi da ƙarfi. Wannan shayi ya kamata ya bugu tun safe har zuwa abincin dare, sannan kuma a sake zuba ruwan tafasa a cikin thermos, a jira har sai an kawo abin sha, kuma a sake shan shi. Lokacin da abin sha na biyu ya ƙare, ɗaukar fitar da berries, murkushe sosai kuma sanya shi cikin thermos cike da ruwan da aka ɗorawa. Kuna iya amfani da hidimomin guda ɗaya na berries sau 3.

Contraindications

Rowan berries an hana yin amfani dashi ga mutanen da suka kamu da ciwon zuciya ko bugun jini, harma da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Hakanan, ba a ba su shawarar ga mutanen da ke da yawan acidity na ciki ba.