Jatropha (Jatropha) yana da alaƙa kai tsaye ga dangin Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae). Wannan nau'in ana wakilta shi ta hanyar tsirrai, bishiyoyi, da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da ciyawar fari. A yanayi, zaku iya haduwa a yankuna masu zafi na Afirka da Amurka. Sunan irin wannan shuka an samo shi ne daga kalmomin Helenanci Jatrys - "likita" da tropha - "abinci". Jatropha shine tsire-tsire ba sabon abu ba. Yana da karar mai kwalba. Shi tsirara ne a duk lokacin hunturu, amma a farkon lokacin bazara yana da ladabi, yana kunshe da kananan furanni ja. Bayan wani lokaci, ganye tare da dogon petioles fara girma. Jatropha yana da wahalar samu a shagunan fure.
Idan kanaso, zakuyi kokarin samo shi a wajan masu shukar furannin furanni masu tarin yawa, haka kuma a cikin lambunan Botanical. Jatropha nau'in tsada yana da tsada sosai, amma abu ne mai sauqi ka kula da irin wannan shuka.
Wannan tsire-tsire na iya kawo murɗaɗɗiya ga kowane ciki ba wanda ya fi muni da bonsai. Furensa na yau da kullun ne, kuma laima mai haske a kan ƙafafu masu tsayi suna da ban sha'awa sosai. Sau da yawa, da farko, jatropha yana fara yin fure, sannan ganye mai fa'ida tare da dogayen fure 10-20 santimita tsawonsa ya riga ya girma.
Kulawar Jatropha a gida
Haske
Ya kamata a sanya shi cikin wuri mai amfani da hasken rana, amma ya kamata ya zama inuwa mai kyau daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Windows na gabas ko gabar yamma sun fi dacewa. Sabuwar tsirrai da aka samo tana buƙatar ɗanɗana ta zuwa ga haske mai haske, kamar yadda ƙone-ƙare na iya bayyana a ƙarshen ganye. Hakanan yana amfani da tsire-tsire bayan tsawan yanayi mai hadari.
Yanayin Zazzabi
A lokacin rani, zafin iska mai dacewa ya kamata ya zama a matakin 18-22, kuma a cikin hunturu - digiri 14-16. A cikin hunturu, jatropha ya dace da yawan zafin jiki na ɗakuna, kuma wannan yana sauƙaƙe tabbatarwa.
Haushi
Yana girma sosai al'ada kuma yana haɓaka tare da ƙarancin iska a cikin ɗakunan birane, babu buƙatar fesa. Don dalilai na tsabta, yana da mahimmanci don shafe faranti ganye tare da soso mai laushi.
Yadda ake ruwa
A cikin bazara da bazara, ruwa da shuka ya zama matsakaici. A lokaci guda, yakamata a kula da ruwa da taushi. Ana yin ruwa bayan ruwan sama ya bushe. Tabbatar cewa babu matattakala ruwa a cikin ƙasa, kamar yadda rot akan jatropha na iya bayyanawa da sauri. Tare da farko na hunturu, ya kamata a rage yawan watering. A cikin taron cewa a cikin kaka ko hunturu duk ganye sun faɗi, ana dakatar da shayarwa gaba ɗaya. Ruwa kullum yana buƙatar farawa a farkon lokacin bazara bayan harbe harbe suka bayyana.
Manyan miya
Wajibi ne a ciyar da lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara 1 lokaci cikin makonni 4. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin gargajiya don cacti. A cikin hunturu, an daina ciyar da abinci.
Cakuda ƙasa
Cakuda ƙasa mai dacewa ta ƙunshi turf da ƙasa mai ganye, da yashi da peat, waɗanda yakamata a ɗauka a cikin rabo na 1: 2: 1: 1.
Siffofin Juyawa
Juyin yana faruwa ne a lokacin bazara 1 lokaci cikin shekaru 2 ko 3. Don saukowa kuna buƙatar tankuna masu ƙananan ƙasa. A kasan kana buƙatar yin Layer magudanar ruwa mai kyau.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Kuna iya yaduwa ta hanyar yanka ko tsaba. Yana da kyau a tuna cewa tsaba sun yi saurin shuka sosai da sauri, saboda sayen su na iya zama da wahala.
An saita iri irin wannan shuka zai iya faruwa lokacin girma a gida. Koyaya, furanni zasu buƙaci pollination na wucin gadi. Don yin wannan, a hankali canja wurin pollen daga furanni maza zuwa furanni mata tare da goga mai laushi. Kyakkyawan fasalin namiji furen shine stamens, akan farjin akwai wadataccen ruwan fure. Yana da daraja la'akari da cewa furanni mata farawa da farko, sabili da haka dole ne a aiwatar da pollination a farkon farkon fure. Bayan nasarar pollination, m 'ya'yan itãcen kore launi, da tsawon daya da rabi tsawon santimita, kuma a cikinsu akwai 2 ko 3 tsayi tsaba. Lokacin da suke farawa, 'ya'yan itacen sun zama duhu sannan kuma suka fashe, suna watsa tsaba ta fuskoki daban-daban zuwa nesa na santimita ɗari. A wannan batun, 'ya'yan itacen dole ne a sanya shi a cikin jakar gauze a gaba.
Don shuka, ana amfani da cakuda wanda ya ƙunshi takarda da ƙasa turf, peat, har da yashi, wanda dole ne a ɗauka a daidai sassan. Shuka ne na sama. Wajibi ne a sanya zafin jiki na substrate a digiri 25. Rufe akwati da gilashi kuma sanya shi a cikin wurin dumi. Bayan kwanaki 7-14, harbe na farko zasu bayyana. Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin kwantena daban. Suna girma da sauri. Kuma bayan 'yan watanni kawai, ba su bambanta da samfuran manya ba. Da farko, ganyayyaki suna da nau'i mai zagaye, to, sai su zama wavy. Shekaru 2 bayan shuka, faranti ganye ya zama lobed. Wuya na gangar jikin na faruwa a hankali. Karo na farko da shuka yayi fure a shekara ta 2 na rayuwa.
Kuna iya yaduwar layi yanke. An bar yankan a cikin sararin sama don bushewa, sannan ana bi da su da kayan aiki wanda ke ƙarfafa ci gaban tushe (alal misali, heteroauxin). An dasa yankan a cakuda ƙasa wanda ya kunshi humus da tudun ƙasa, har da yashi, waɗanda aka ɗauka cikin rabo daidai. Zazzabi da ake buƙata daga digiri 28 zuwa 32. Rooting yana faruwa bayan makonni 4. An dasa tsirarran itace dake ɗauke da tukunya a tukwane tare da diamita na 7 santimita.
Cutar da kwari
- Rot a kan tushen tsarin, mutuwar fure Yawan ruwa sosai. Ya kamata ya zama ƙaramar kaɗan.
- Ruwan ya canza launin rawaya ya mutu - gizo-gizo gizo-gizo zauna. A shuka bukatar a moistened a kalla sau 2 ko 3 a rana daga mai sprayer da ruwa mai ruwa. Idan cutar ta kasance mai rauni, to lallai ya zama wajibi a kula da jatropha da maganin kashe kwari na aikin da ya dace.
- Furanni suna lalata kuma sun mutu - thrips zauna. Shirya ruwan wanka don shuka kuma a kula dashi da maganin da ya dace.
- Rage girma - yawan wuce gona da iri na gona. Ciyarwa ya kamata da hankali sosai. Kafin amfani da takin mai magani, ya zama dole don sanya dattin da kyau.
- Ragewar tushen tsarin, ganye zai zama mara launi da fade - ana amfani da ruwan sanyi sosai don ban ruwa. Ana shawarar ruwa da ɗan dumama.
Batun bidiyo
Babban nau'ikan
Yatattarar Jatropha (Jatropha multifida)
Wannan ƙaramin daji ne wanda ke iya samun tsayi na santimita 200-300. An raba ƙananan litattafai masu ban mamaki zuwa sassa 7-11, yayin da a diamita sun kai santimita 30. Fararen takarda mai duhu mai duhu yana da ɗan ƙaramin haske mai haske da kuma ɓangaren ɓangaren fure mai haske. Bayan wani lokaci, sai su mutu, kuma ɓangaren ɓoyayyen akwati na nan a buɗe. Samfurorun samari suna kama da ɗan itacen dabino mai ban sha'awa sosai.
Furanni suna da wadataccen murjani mai launin shuɗi. An tattara su a cikin inflorescences a cikin hanyar laima, wanda ya tashi sama da tsintsiya a kan tsayin daka mai tsawo, yana tasowa daga matakin girma. A cikin yanayin yanayi, fure yana kusan kusan shekara, kuma musamman yana da yawa a cikin watanni mafi zafi. A ƙarshen furanni, 'ya'yan itaciya masu launin rawaya masu launin shuɗi suna bayyana, tsawonsu shine santimita 2.5. A cikin warin jikinsu mai launin fari guda 3. Tsarin darin santimita-santimita mai launin shuɗi ne.
Yana da kyau a tuna cewa a kowane bangare na irin wannan jatropha akwai abubuwa masu guba sosai. Idan ka lalata saman shuka, to ruwan 'ya'yan itace translucent zai fara zubowa, yana haifar da haushi lokacin da ya fusata fata.
Gout Jatropha (Jatropha podagrica)
Wannan ciyawar data kasance cikakkiyar nasara ce. Yana da gangar jikin bututu. Irin wannan shuka yana da gangar jikin sabon abu. Ya yi kauri a gindin, da kuma tapers sama. Ana samun wannan nau'in girma a cikin tsire-tsire na jeji, saboda gaskiya cewa samuwar tushen tsarin yana da wahala kuma tarin ruwa sabili da haka yana faruwa a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren ɓangaren gangar jikin. Hakanan wani sifofi na musamman na wannan nau'in sune petioles, waɗanda aka haɗa ba gefen gefen ganye ba, amma kusa da tsakiya. Jatropha a tsayi ya kai daga centimita 50 zuwa 70. Takaddun faranti na filastik na siffar madauwari suna da diamita na 15-18 santimita. Launi na ganyayyaki kai tsaye ya dogara da shekarun su. Ganyayyaki masu ƙyalƙyali suna da launi mai duhu mai duhu, wanda ya zama mai haske yayin da suke girma. Kuma bayan sun isa mafi girma, sun zama mara nauyi da duhu. Petiole da gefen kuskure na farantin ganye suna da rufin lalura.
Bishiyar fure tana tsiro daga matsayin girma, wanda yake da siffar laima mai rikitarwa. A farko, an kirkiro ƙananan buds, wanda kawai 'yan ƙanana ke bayyane (mafi girma). Haɓakarsu ba ta daɗewa, kuma bayan sun isa matakin ɗanɗano, ci gaban su yana ƙaruwa sosai. Furen ya yi haske, sannan buɗe buɗewar wasu furanni masu narkar da santimita, suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Furanni masu kamshi ne. A kan wannan inflorescence ne mace da namiji fure. Furanni na maza suna wuce awowi 24 ne kawai, amma bayan wasu sun mutu, wasu sababbi sukan maye su. A wannan batun, laima guda ɗaya na iya yin fure tsawon makonni da yawa. A cikin yanayi, wannan nau'in fure yana ɗaukar tsawon lokacin dumi.
