Mutanen suna kiran ƙaƙƙarfan arewa don matakin lalacewa ya haifar da ɗar lokacin hunturu. A yankuna tare da hunturu - tsutsa hunturu. A karkashin ingantaccen yanayin muhalli, mace ɗaya tana daga ƙwai 600 zuwa 2247, wanda yawan ƙwayoyin caterpillars ya kai kashi 95-98%. Minti 20-25 bayan fitowar chrysalis, matattarar matasa suna shirye don jirgin sama da abinci. Fiye da nau'ikan ɗarukan 100 suna cutar tsire-tsire a farfajiya na ƙasa (cin ganye) da kuma a cikin saman ƙasa (ƙuna). Duk scoops sune polyphages, wanda ke sa wahalar yaƙe su, kuma suna rayuwa da kyau cikin gwagwarmayar rayuwa da haihuwa. Ba shi yiwuwa a kawar da kai gaba ɗaya (siffofin jirgin sama suna ba da jirgin sama a kan nesa mai nisa), amma ana iya rage adadin su ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na sarrafawa, jagora mafi mahimmanci wanda ke cikin matakan kariya da matakan tsufa.
Ruwan sanyi, ko lokacin hunturu na dare (Agrotis segetum). S Filibus SansumYankunan da abin ya shafa da matakin cutarwa na lokacin hunturu
Cututtukan daskararrun hunturu suna lalata sama da nau'ikan tsire-tsire 140 na iyalai 36. An rarrabasu cikin cin ganyayyaki, ganyen magarya da matsewa, waɗanda ke lalata tushen tsirrai. A rana guda, ruɓa ɗaya yana lalata tushen 10-20 na gwoza sukari. Yakan dasa sunflower, masara, taba, gero, auduga a kan itacen inabi, kuma ta bazara sauya zuwa kayan lambu da na fasaha, gami da kabewa, zucchini, guna, gyada, dankali, kuma a cikin damina tayi girmar noman hunturu da damuna. Kwakwalwa, cinye tushen sa, yakan lalata shuka inabi da seedlingsan itacen marmari. Daga cikin ciyawar, scoops fi son su shirya kuma ku ci tushen plantain, shuka thistle, da bindweed.
Yankin lokacin sanyi ya mamaye dukkan ɓangarorin Turai na Federationasar Rasha, ban da Farasashen Yankin Arewa da ararya mai faɗi. Yankin cutar ya haɗa da rashin chernozem, steppe, gandun daji, yankuna na arewa, da na arewacin Volga. Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kudancin Siberiya, Urals, Arewacin Caucasus. Adadin tsararraki a cikin yankuna na Russia yana da alaƙa da yanayin damina. A cikin yankuna na arewacin da basu isasshen zafi ba, ƙarni ɗaya na ɗakarar hunturu ke tasowa. A kudu, har zuwa 3-4 cikakke tsararraki masu tasowa.
Bayanin scoops na hunturu
Ruwan sanyi (Agrotis segetum) yana nufin musamman hadarin kwari. Fitowar da ba'a iya canzawa da kuma girman madaidaicin labartattun mayaudara suna da yaudara. Tsawon jikin mutum baya wuce 1.8-2.2 cm tare da fuka-fukai na 3.5-5.0 cm launin fuka-fukan gabannin gaban mace sune launin toka ko launin shuɗi mai haske, wanda kowane tsintsiya madaidaiciya da ratsi mai duhu da ratsa haske ya bayyana Lines karya ko mai lankwasa. Launi na fikafikan gaba na maza sun fi na mace haske. Mata suna da fikafikai mai launin toka-datti, gefensu na waje yana daɗaɗa da shuɗi. Maza suna da fararen fuka-fuki. An rufe kansa da kirjin kwari da bristles. Ana amfani da na'urar ta baka ta hanyar tsoffin proboscis. Antennae a cikin mata filyan juma'a ne, a cikin maza sun karye. Maƙanƙan buɗe ido suna aiki a maraice, suna cin abinci da dare sosai. Don abinci da daddare, ana kiranta ɗaba'ar hunturu da hasken dare.
Mabudin siket ɗin yayi yawa, mai sheki, a bayyanar - launuka masu launin shuɗi. Ana rufe kwasfa tare da alkama mai kyau. A bangarorin akwai madaurin duhu mai duhu. Tsawon jiki ya bambanta tsakanin santimita 4.0-5.0 cm, mahaifa tana da nau'i biyu na kafafu: nau'i uku na pectoral da nau'i 5 na ciki.
Caterpillar na dila. Rew Drew OntarioanoA sake zagayowar ci gaban da haifuwa na hunturu scoops
A cikin ci gabanta, sikelin ya shiga cikin dukkan matakai daga kwan kwai zuwa lokacin da malam buɗe ido ya tashi. A lokacin dumin yanayi, kwaro a cikin yankuna na arewacin yana samar da ƙarni guda, kuma a cikin yankuna masu tsawon lokacin dumi na ƙarni na 2-4. Tsawon lokacin ci gaban ƙarni yana ɗaukar kwanaki 50-70 kuma ya dogara da yanayin zafin jiki. A cikin lokacin sanyi da jika, ɗamarar tana sanya ƙaramin adadin ƙwai (har zuwa 40-50), a ƙarƙashin ingantaccen yanayi - fiye da 2000. Don masonry, yana zaɓar wuraren da aka mai da hankali tare da ƙasa mai laushi da ƙarancin ciyawar furanni. Bayan barin kwai, igiyar ta wuce shekaru 6, ta juya zuwa pronymphus a cikin lokacin bazara, sannan kuma zuwa cikin chrysalis kuma bayan kwana 10-12 wani malam buɗe ido ya bayyana, wanda yake shirye don tashi a cikin mintuna 10-25. Shekaru masu ƙarfi ana lura da dare a cikin yanayin sanyi sama da + 12 * C. Babban abincin malam buɗe ido shine nectar na tsire-tsire na fure. Rayuwar yarinyar sikirin hunturu ta iyakance zuwa kwanaki 5-40 kuma duka sun sadaukar da su ga dabbar ta hanyar kwanciya da kwanciya. Balagaggu na manya a cikin shekaru 6 suna zuwa hunturu, samari sun mutu daga dusar ƙanƙara. Suna hibernate a cikin ƙasa na 20-25 cm cm kuma suna jure yanayin zafi har zuwa -11 * С. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da kasar gona tayi zafi zuwa + 10 * C, suna tashi zuwa saman yaddi na kasar gona, inda suke ilmantarwa da canzawa zuwa tsokar bishiyoyi. Saboda haka, rauni mai rauni a cikin ci gaban hunturu diba shine kwanciya na qwai na kaka da kuma tashiwar caterpillars don yin hunturu, maɓuɓɓugar bazara ta hau zuwa saman 10 cm na ƙasa don ɗalibi. Jin zurfin digging a cikin bazara da bazara zai taimaka ga halayen kwari da yawa. Damar da aka rasa za ta haifar da jirgin sama mai yawa na kamfen ɗumbin ƙarni na farko a watan Mayu da Yuli na biyu. Kowane kwanaki 5-10, yara matafiyu zasu fantsama daga ƙwai, waɗanda suka gabata zasu yi girma. Karin kwari na kowane zamani zai ci sosai har zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba. Manya waɗanda suka kai shekaru 6 za su yi ƙaura zuwa ƙasa don hunturu. A cikin rabin na biyu na Agusta, malam buɗe ido zai sa ƙwai, daga abin da caterpillars na farko ƙarni na gaba shekara za spawn kuma daga May ci gaban sake zagayowar na hunturu diba zai fara sake.
Ruwan sanyi, ko lokacin hunturu na dare (Agrotis segetum). G Martin GrimmHanyoyin ma'amala da diba na hunturu
Alamun lalacewar ciyawar da ake diban hunturu
Kwakwalwa suna lalata mai tushe a matakin ƙasa kuma a kusan cinye ƙasan tushe na tsirrai, dankalin dankalin turawa, da albarkatun gona, suna barin halayen ɓoyewa wanda a wasu lokutan suke zauna. Scoops suna cin abinci kusa da ɓangaren laushi na ganye, suna barin kawai gudana. An bada shawara don kula da babban bushewar tsire-tsire masu ɗimbin yawa a wurare da yawa a zahiri.
Hanyoyin gwagwarmaya na gwagwarmaya
Cika waɗannan buƙatu masu zuwa zai taimaka rage yawan kwari.
- Bambancin al'adu a cikin juyin juya halin al'adu, wanda tsari na tsari tsakanin layi-iri na gudana amfanin gona ya taimaka wajen lalata larvae da pupae mai yawa.
- Bayan mun girbe Peas da sauran albarkatu na nitrogen-tarawa, fara tarko ya zama dole don rusa zamanin bazara da damuna da ba kwari na hunturu, amma sauran kwari masu cutarwa.
- Cikakkar halaka tare da ɗanɗanar ciyawa. Tare da malam buɗe ido mai yawan ciyawa mai yawan gaske, malam buɗe ido na hunturu ba ya sa ƙwai a waɗannan wuraren.
- Yarda da lokacin shuka da dasa shuki. Idan za ta yiwu, yin amfani da farkon shuka da dasa shuki.
- Dasa shuka da shuka amfanin gona a yankuna na yankuna.
- Share tsaftatattun hanyoyin gidaje na bazara daga ciyawa. Sauya shuka da hatsi na ado mai yawa.
Halittu - Shuka tsire-tsire waɗanda ke jan hankalin kwari da keɓaɓɓun kwari da masu ɗaukar ƙwayar fungal da sauran cututtukan cututtukan hunturu: black banchus, tahina tashi, trichogramma, da sauransu.
- Masu jan hankalin roka, tauraruwa, wagtails, fulawa, tatsuniya, ragi da sauran tsuntsaye masu amfani ga tsiron gonar. Da yawa daga cikin caterpillars da pupae halaka jackdaws, crows, lapwings.
Ruwan sanyi, ko lokacin hunturu na dare (Agrotis segetum)Ana samar da sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar yin amfani da samfuran ƙirar halitta na zamani wanda aka inganta akan ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta masu tasiri: Fitoverm, Agrovertin, Trichodermin, Actofit, Haupsin, Bitoxibacillin da sauransu. Ana iya amfani dasu duk lokacin dumi. Ba sa cutar da mutane, dabbobi, kwari masu amfani (ƙudan zuma, bumblebees). Hanyoyin shirye-shiryen da lokutan aikace-aikacen an bayyana su a cikin shawarar. Babu buƙatar ƙara maida hankali ga mafita: ba zai kawo sakamako da ake tsammanin ba.
Hanyoyin sarrafa magunguna
A cikin gidan mutum, a kan shafin da aka iyakance ga ɗaruruwan ɗarurruwan, yana da kyau kada ku yi amfani da shirye-shiryen sunadarai. Don saurin hanzari da waɗanda suka yi imani kawai da matakan sarrafa sinadarai, ana iya bada shawarar magunguna masu zuwa ƙasa.
Amma ku tuna! sunadarai masu guba ga mutane, ragowar su suna iya tara albarkatun gonar. Cutar na faruwa a hankali kuma baya fitowa kai tsaye, kamar guba. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne a yi aiki tare da sinadarai a hankali, lura da matakan aminci na mutum kuma daidai da shawarwarin.
A cikin bazara, a lokacin jirgin farko na malam buɗe ido (lokacin da aka saita zazzabi sama + 12 ... + 15 ° С), shirye-shiryen sunadarai Decis, Fury, Karate, Proteus, Fas, Sherpa, Arrivo, Inta-VIR, Strela, Match, Karbofos ana amfani da su don jiyya na shuka. A lokacin bazara, Zolon, Danadim, Fufanon, Dursban kuma ana ba da shawarar.
Yi amfani da magunguna don maganin tsirrai na iya zama ba sau 2 ba a kowace kakar. Ana yin aikin ƙarshe na kwanaki 30-40 kafin girbi. Ba'a amfani da kemikal don amfanin gona tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin girma. Ana gudanar da duk jiyya gwargwado daidai da shawarwarin.
- Dandana lambu shawara kada su fesa shuke-shuke da tsire-tsire poisons, amma finely sara da kuka fi so sako diba (fari ko talakawa gauze, shuka thistle, bindweed), aiwatar da su (misali, decis) da kuma sanya su a kusa da gadaje.
Hanyoyin gwagwarmaya na jama'a
Hanyoyin kulawa da mutane na mutum ya danganta ne da "halayen" kwari.
- Ba sa yin haƙuri da ƙanshi na ƙwayar maganin kashe kwari da kwalliyar su.
- Suna jawo hankalin su saboda ƙamshin ciyawar da suka fi so da ciyawar fure.
Caterpillars na hunturu scoops. W warwickButterflies diba ba su yi haƙuri da ƙanshi da albasa, burdock ganye, dankalin turawa fi, kibiyoyin tafarnuwa, wormwood. An shirya jiko a cikin rabo na 1: 2-3. Zuba wani sashi na maganin kashe kwari (gilashin mai cike da tarko) tare da sassan 2-3 na ruwan zãfi, nace tsawon kwanaki 2-3, tsami zuwa lita 4-5. Sanya 25-30 g na sabul ɗin wanki da yadudduka (don mafi kyawun adhesion), feshin tsire-tsire. Za'a iya maimaita yaduwa bayan kwana 7-10.
- Kamshin calendula, cilantro, basil, wanda zaku iya dasa gadaje ko dasa su a cikin albarkatun kayan lambu, yana korar malam buɗe ido.
Kuna iya amfani da kayan ado da infusions na ganye da yawa, kwari. Tuna! Ba duk ganye ne wanda aka yarda don amfani ba, tunda zasu iya zama da ƙarfi a cikin da ke haifar da guba (aconite, dope, da sauransu).
