Wireworm - kwaro mai ba da tausayi dankali

A cikin sharuddan duka lalacewar da ta haifar da makircin dankalin turawa, wireworm, watakila, zai ba da kaɗan ga ƙwayar dankalin turawa a Colorado. Amma sun rubuta kuma suna faɗi abubuwa da yawa game da ƙwayar ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado, duk tallan tallace-tallace suna cike da sunayen shirye-shiryen da suka fi dacewa don nasarar yaƙi da Amurka "ɗan fashi", kuma kyawawan ƙwaro a kan ƙwayar dankalin turawa suna zaune kamar babban ladybug a kan hoton, kuma ganyayyaki ya ci nan da nan rush a idanu.

Amma wireworm ba bayyane ba kuma ba a ji shi ba, ba a rubuta komai game da shi a cikin talla, kuma kusan babu magunguna masu yawa da yawa da za a iya magance shi. A wannan lokacin, kwaro a hankali yana yin kasuwancin "datti".

Wireworm - larvae na kwaro na nutcracker. © Rasbak

Nutcrackers, wireworms (lat. Elateridae) - dan gidan ƙwaro. Tsawon jikin mutum yawanci 7-20 (wani lokacin har zuwa 50) mm. Kimanin nau'ikan 10,000 a Eurasia da Amurka; a Rasha, nau'in nau'ikan ɗaruruwan ɗari, kusan ko'ina. Larvae (wireworms) lalata tushen tsire-tsire da yawa. Sunan da aka karɓa dangane da halayen sifofi na halayyar mutum da ɗabi'unsa. Daga ƙasa akan prothorax akwai tsarin da yatsa mai nuna yatsa da baya, kuma akan mesothorax akwai ƙimar dacewa. Irin ƙwaro ya kunna bayan sa ta baya, yana cire tsari daga hutawa kuma ya huta ta gefen sa, sannan kuma tare da danna dawo da tsarin zuwa hutun. Sakamakon wannan latsawa, bugun kwaleji yayi yawa. Irin ƙwaro zai ci gaba da dannawa har sai ya faɗi zuwa saman mahaifa kuma ya tsaya a ƙafafunsa.

Larvae

An kammala zagayen cigaban rayuwa cikin shekaru 5. A farkon bazara, gwozayen mata, barin hunturu, daga Mayu zuwa Yuli (dangane da yankin) sa fararen ƙananan qwai a cikin fasa, a ƙarƙashin dunƙule ƙasa, ƙarƙashin tsiran ciyayi da tarkace na shuka a gonar (0, 5 mm). Ana yin kwance akan kananan tsiran (3 zuwa 5 guda). Yawan haihuwar mace daya yakai kimanin qwai 120-150. Bayan kwanaki 20-40, ya danganta da yankin da nau'in nutcracker, ƙyanƙyashe ƙwaya daga ƙwai, waɗanda ke girma da haɓaka don shekaru 3-4. Larvae suna zaune a cikin ƙasa, a farkon shekarar da suke ciyar da ƙasashen waje na tsire-tsire, amma ba sa lalata waɗanda aka horar a wannan lokacin. A cikin shekara ta biyu, larvae ya karu da girman, ya sami launin ruwan hoda mai haske ko haske, kuma ya zama mai amfani da wayar hannu. Jikinsu na bakin ciki ne kuma mai kauri sosai, wanda akan kira shi da wireworms. Zai iya yiwuwa a murƙushe wireworm, ya fi sauƙi a tsage. Daga shekara ta biyu kuma daga baya, wireworm shine mafi haɗari. A cikin shekara ta huɗu, babban tsutsa tsintsiya a cikin ƙasa, kuma a farkon lokacin bazara sabon ƙarni na beetles kwari daga pupae.

Lalacewa ta hanyar wireworms babban abu ne mai yawa. Suna halakar da ƙwayoyin kumbura, seedlings, suna cinye ƙaƙƙarfan tushe da mai tushe. Wireworms an lalace cikin tushen albarkatu da tubers, suna motsawa a cikin su, suna haifar da lalata da kuma sanya su basu dace da ajiya ba.

An yi nazarin ilimin halittar masu amfani da abubuwan gina jiki sosai a cikin nau'in Palearctic, ƙasa kaɗan a cikin nau'in marasa Arctic, mara kyau sosai a cikin nau'in wurare masu zafi, akwai ƙananan bayanan rikice-rikice game dasu.

An bawa sunan '' masu latsa '' (da sunan Ingilishi "danna irin ƙwaro") ga waɗannan ƙwakwalwar saboda sautin da aka yi yayin aikin hopping ɗin.

Larvae suna da keɓaɓɓiyar suna - wireworms, saboda jikinsu mai elongated mai laushi mai wuya, waɗanda ke da kwari mai haɗari na polyphagous, yana lalata sassan ƙasa na noma, aikin gona da albarkatun daji.

Irin ƙwaro Nutcracker. ES IES-MGB

Yadda za a rabu da mu wireworm?

Don rage yawan kwari a cikin infield, ana bada shawarar matakan da ke gaba:

• a farkon bazara - magudanan ruwa mai zurfi ko tono ƙasa, yana lalata ciyayi, musamman ciyawar alkama;
• sanya dankali bayan Peas da wake;
• A cikin filayen cike suke da wireworms a farkon bazara, makonni 1-2 kafin dasa shuki dankali, kada shuka iri. Don yin wannan, shuka tsaba na hatsi, sha'ir, masara, alkama, hatsi 4-5 zuwa cikin nests a nesa na 50-70 cm ko layi. Daga nan sai ku tono tsiran waɗannan albarkatu tare da wireworms waɗanda aka tattara a kansu kuma ku halaka su;
• shimfiɗa a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin koto 5-15 cm a cikin nau'i na tarin ƙwayar cuta, beets, karas ko kowane abinci a cikin adadin 1-2 inji. akan 1 m², alamar waɗannan wuraren tare da twigs. Bayan kwanaki 3-4 na koto, cire da kuma lalata kwari da aka tara su;
• don rage cutarwa na wireworms a cikin layuka na dankali, ana bada shawarar shuka salatin, tushen abin da waɗannan kwari ke ciyarwa;
• muhimmanci rage yawan wireworms da cutarwa da larvae liming na acidic kasa;
• amfani da kwari mai kwari kafin a dasa ko dasa dankali. Kuna iya dafa su da kanku. Don yin wannan, yayyafa 5 kilogiram na babban superphosphate tare da bakin ciki a kan fim ɗin filastik kuma fesa tare da ɗayan magungunan kashe kwari (actellik - 15 ml, decis karin - 4 ml, karate - 1 ml) diluted a cikin ruwa mai maganin Acetone mai ruwa (80 ml na ruwa + 200 ml na acetone) . Bushe sakamakon shiri a cikin inuwa kuma yayyafa kan makircin (ana lasafta wannan adadin na 100 m²), bayan wannan tona shi. A wata hanyar, lokacin da dasa shuki dankali a karkashin shebur, saka manyan granules 5 na sarrafa superphosphate a cikin kowane rami;
• kafin dasa shuki dankali, zuba ƙasa tare da bayani na potassium permanganate (5 g da 10 l na ruwa) a cikin kudi na 0.5 l kowace rijiya ko a ƙarƙashin tushe. Aiwatar da mafita kawai a kan kasa na alkaline. Hakanan zaka iya zuba dankali tare da jiko na kwana uku na celandine (100 g na yankakkiyar shuka a kowace 10 na ruwa), nettle (500 g da 10 l na ruwa), Dandelion (200 g da 10 l na ruwa), coltsfoot (200 g da 10 l ruwa) kuma maimaita wannan hanya sau 2-3 tare da tazara daga 7 kwana.

Wireworm shine tsutsa na kwaro na nutcracker. Mb Lmbuga

Hanyar Kulawa

Akwai wajen aiki, amma sosai m hanya don kama larvae da beetles a koto. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a duba tarkuna a kowane kwanaki 2-3, amma za ku yi mamakin ganin yawancin larvae suna taruwa a can mako guda kafin dasa shuki dankali. A aikace, ya faru ne don zaba daga irin wannan tarko har zuwa lardin 8-10. Yana da matsala, amma idan kun tuna cewa kowace tsutsa zata sha dankalinku na tsawon shekaru 3, to wasan ya cancanci kyandir. Ana ba da shawara koyaushe a yanka yanka na dankalin turawa a kan sandunansu sannan a binne su a cikin ƙasa, a bar ƙarshen kyauta a waje. Bayan an gano tarkuna da zaɓi larvae, an sake sanya sandunan, amma tuni a wani wurin. Don haka ana bada shawarar yin shi idan ya cancanta duk lokacin bazara.

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kwalba na gilashin wanda dankali, karas ko beets suna kwance a ƙasa. Bankunan sun kafa wuya a cikin Inuwa na wuraren, kuma ya kamata a zabi kwari a kowane kwanaki 2-3. Haka ne, ta hanyar, kar ka manta da sabunta yanka a guda ko maye gurbin koto a gaba ɗaya, in ba haka ba tsutsa zai rage ci.

Maƙiyan lambu suna kama larva a layin kamun kifi. Don yin wannan, an tumɓuke dankalin dankalin turawa a kai, nisan da ke tsakanin su ya zama kusan 10 cm, an binne koto zuwa zurfin 10-15 cm a cikin tsagi. Ta wannan hanyar, kamun kifi zai kasance mafi girma. Bayan kwanaki 4-5, an zaɓi layin kamun kifi, larba ɗin an ƙoshi da ruwan zãfi ko an ƙone su. Af, kaji suna cinye larvae da ci. Idan an bayar da lardin zaɓi na dankalin turawa, ko yanka na alkama, sha'ir ko masara, za su bar dankali kaɗai. Kafin dasa shuki dankali ko daga baya - a cikin hanyoyin - shuka tsaba na amfanin gona koto. An zaɓi wireworms a kan tushen ne ta hanyar fitar da tsire-tsire. Ana ba da shawarar masara don shuka amfanin gonar gaba ɗaya - har zuwa gonar ta sami 'yanci daga larvae.

Wani lokaci ana ba da shawara don kula da ƙwayar sha'ir, alkama, masara ko wasu albarkatu na kayan ado tare da shirye-shiryen Decis da Karate kafin shuka. Sannan kuna buƙatar bushe tsaba a rana kuma ku shuka. A wannan yanayin, wani ɓangare na larvae an bugu da byari yana shirye-shiryen, saboda sun fi son ciyar da seedlings, kuma a wannan lokacin shirye-shiryen har yanzu suna aiki. Ingancin waɗannan magungunan kusan wata guda, kuma har zuwa lokacin da ake girbi amfanin gona, abubuwa masu cutarwa ba masu haɗari bane ga mutane.

Aiwatar da hanyoyin dabaru na kama, hakika, yana da matukar wahala, amma alƙawari. Bayan duk, da yawa ƙarni na larvae yawanci zauna a shafin. Kuma su da kansu ba za su taɓa barin filayenku ba - babu mu'ujizai. Hanyar da bata wuce lokaci-lokaci ita ce tono ramuka da yawa a cikin yankin a farkon lokacin bazara, wanda za'a saka manyan dakaru na ciyawa, ciyawa ko bambaro. Wireworm larvae lalle zai tattara cikin waɗannan ramuka don neman zafi da abinci mai gina jiki. Kuma bayan 'yan kwanaki, wannan ciyawar dole ne a zaɓa ta kuma ƙone. Ingantaccen aiki zai dogara da ƙoƙari, saboda dole ne a maimaita aikin sau da yawa (bisa ga sake dubawa, an sami raguwar 20 zuwa 90% cikin adadin kwari).

Dandana lambu musamman muhimmanci, varietal plantings dankali rika shawarci preplant soaking na tubers a cikin wani karfi bayani na celandine. Yana da guba a cikin kanta, amma idan an girma tubers don tsaba, wannan hanya kuma za a iya amfani dashi.

Potganate na potassium yana da kyau kawai tare da karamin yawan wireworms.

Daga cikin wadannan hanyoyin sarrafawa, mafi cutarwa shine shayar da daskararren potassium kafin dasa shuki. Maganin zai zama ruwan hoda, amfani - guga na ramukan 10-15. Kuna iya aiwatar da kayan dasa dankali kafin dasa shuki mafi ƙarfi na potassiumgangan. Gaskiya ne, tasirin wannan hanyar yana da kyau kawai tare da ƙaramin yawan ƙasa wanda ke da wireworms. Masana sun ba da shawara don gabatar da takin mai magani na ammonium kafin shuka tushen amfanin gona da dasa dankali, ba tare da faduwa tare da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ba, saboda a kiyaye kamshin ammoniya. Kuna iya ƙara 15 g / m2 na ammonium nitrate, ko har zuwa 30 g / m2 na sulfate ammonium. Latterarshe ya fi dacewa.

Wireworm shine tsutsa na kwaro na nutcracker. Ny Danny Steaven

Idan ba zai yiwu a shawo kan matsalar ba ta hanyar agrotechnical, na inji da sauran hanyoyin, to amfani da maganin bazudine ya rage. Abunda yake aiki, diazinon, mai guba ne ga mutane da sauran dumu dumu-dumu. Kuma ka'idojin yin bazudine sunyi kyau sosai - har zuwa 40g / m2, saboda haka yana da amfani a yi amfani da wannan hanyar kawai tare da dumbin kwari. Har yanzu ba a ƙirƙiri hanyoyin da yawa masu cutarwa ba.

Yaya kuke magance wannan kwaro?