Shukewar Shuka. Kashi na 3: Zabi Tsarin Haske

Shukewar Shuka.

Kashi na 1: Me yasa baza haskaka tsirrai. Mintattun Lumens da Suites
Kashi na 2: Lamunan wuta don tsirrai
Kashi na 3: Zabi Tsarin Haske

A wannan bangare, zamuyi magana game da lissafin karfin fitilun, gwargwadon aikin haske, da sauransu.

A cikin ɓangarorin da suka gabata, mun yi magana game da mahimmin ra'ayi da kuma nau'ikan fitilu da aka yi amfani da su don haskaka tsirrai. Wannan bangare yana ba da labarin wane irin hasken wutar lantarki zaɓaɓɓu, yawan fitilu za a buƙaci don haskaka wani shuka, yadda za a auna hasken a gida, kuma me yasa ake buƙatar masu tunani a cikin tsarin hasken.

Haske na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman mahimmancin nasarar nasarar shuka. Ta hanyar photosynthesis, tsire-tsire suna "yi abinci" wa kansu. Karancin haske - inji ya raunana kuma ko dai ya mutu saboda “yunwar” ko ya zama ganima ga kwari da cututtuka.

Kasancewa ko a'a

Don haka, kun yanke shawarar shigar da sabon tsarin samar da hasken wuta ga tsirrai. Da farko dai, amsa tambayoyi biyu.

Menene kasafin ku? Idan an kasha karamin kudade domin tsarin hasken wutar lantarki gaba daya, wanda kuka tsinke daga sikirin, kuma ya kamata ku kiyaye shi, to wannan labarin ba zai taimaka muku ba. Shawara kawai ita ce siyan abin da zaku iya. Kada ku ɓata kuzarin ku da lokacin bincike. Abin takaici, tsarin samar da hasken wuta ga tsirrai ko ga akwatin kifaye ba arha bane. Wani lokaci madadin mafi dacewa shine maye gurbin tsire-tsire masu ƙauna tare da waɗanda ke da inuwa mai haƙuri - yana da kyau a sami spathiphyllum mai kyau-da ba ta buƙatar haske mai yawa fiye da yin makoki saboda lambun da ke kusa da mutuwa, wanda yake tsananin rauni.
Shin za ku fita kawai kafin bazara, bisa manufar “ba mai-girma ba, da zan rayu”? Don haka kawai sayi mafi kyawun fitilar mai kyalli. Idan kuna son tsirrai su girma gabaɗaya har ma suka yi fure a ƙarƙashin fitilun, to kuna buƙatar kashe kuzari da kuɗi akan tsarin samar da hasken. Musamman idan kun shuka tsire-tsire waɗanda ke girma shekara-shekara a cikin hasken furucin, kamar su akwatin kifaye.

Idan kun yanke shawara kan amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyin kuma kun yanke shawarar shigar da cikakken tsarin hasken wuta, to sai a karanta.

Menene kyakkyawan hasken?

Abubuwa uku masu mahimmanci suna tantance shin tsarin wutar lantarki mai kyau ne ko mara kyau:

Intensarfin Haske. Haske ya isa isa ga tsirrai. Ba za a iya sauya haske mara haske tare da dogon hasken rana ba. Babu haske sosai a cikin yanayin ɗakin. Don cimma nasarar haskakawa da ke faruwa a rana mai haske (sama da dubu 100) tana da wahala matuƙa.
Tsawon lokacin haske. Daban-daban tsire-tsire na bukatar sa'o'in hasken rana da launuka iri-iri. Yawancin matakai, alal misali, fure, an ƙaddara shi da tsawon lokacin awoyi na rana (photoperiodism). Kowa ya ga an sayar da poinsettia ja (Euphorbia pulcherrima) don Kirsimeti da Sabuwar Shekara. Wannan daji yana girma a ƙarƙashin taga gidanmu a kudancin Florida kuma kowace shekara a cikin hunturu, ba tare da dabaru ba, "yana yin komai da kansa" - muna da abubuwan da suka wajaba don ƙirƙirar takalmin ja - dogon duhu dare da rana mai haske.
Ingancin haske. A cikin labaran da suka gabata, na taba kan wannan batun, ina cewa inji yana bukatar haske a duka bangarorin ja da shuɗi na bakan. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da phytolamps na musamman - idan kuna amfani da fitilun zamani tare da fadi da yawa, alal misali, gilashin wutar lantarki ko fitilun karfe, to, bakanku zai zama "daidai".

Baya ga waɗannan abubuwan, wasu tabbas suna da mahimmanci. Intensarfafa aikin photosynthesis yana iyakantuwa da abin da ake rasa a halin yanzu. A cikin ƙananan haske - wannan haske ne, lokacin da akwai haske mai yawa, to, alal misali, zazzabi ko taro na carbon dioxide, da sauransu. Lokacin da girma tsire-tsire na akwatin kifaye, yana faruwa sau da yawa cewa a ƙarƙashin haske mai ƙarfi, haɗuwa da carbon dioxide a cikin ruwa ya zama mai iyakance kuma haske mai ƙarfi ba ya ƙaruwa da ƙima na photosynthesis.

Nawa haske ne tsire-tsire ke buƙata

Za'a iya raba tsire-tsire zuwa ƙungiyoyi da yawa bisa ga buƙatun haske. Lambobi ga kowane ɗayan ƙungiyoyi sunyi kusan, tunda yawancin tsire-tsire na iya jin daɗin duka biyu a cikin haske mai haske da inuwa, suna dacewa da matakin haske. Don shuka iri ɗaya, adadin haske ya zama dole gwargwadon idan ya haɓaka vegetatively, fure ko 'ya'yan itace. Daga bangaren samar da makamashi, fure tsari ne da yake barnatar da dimbin makamashi. Ciyawar tana buƙatar girma fure da wadata ta da makamashi, duk da cewa furen kanta baya fitar da makamashi. Kuma yawan 'ya'yan itace itace hanya mai lalacewa. Lightarin haske, energyarin kuzari “daga kwan fitila” wata itaciya na iya adana filayen fure, yayin da hibiscus ɗin ku zai kasance, flowersarin furanni zai kasance akan daji jasmine.

Areasa da ke akwai wasu tsire-tsire waɗanda suka fi son yanayin yanayi na haske. Ana bayyana matakan haske a cikin lux. Game da lumens da suites an riga an faɗi a farkon sashin. Anan zan maimaita kawai cewa ɗakunan ɗabi'a suna kwatanta yadda "hasken" tsire-tsire suke, lumana suna kwatanta fitilun da kuke haskaka wadannan tsire-tsire.

Haske mai haske. Wadannan tsire-tsire sun haɗa da waɗanda a dabi'ance suke girma a buɗe - yawancin bishiyoyi, dabino, succulents, bougainvillea, lambun, hibiscus, ixora, jasmine, plumeria, tunbergia, crotons, wardi. Wadannan tsire-tsire sun fi son babban matakin haske - akalla 15-20 dubu lux, kuma wasu tsire-tsire suna buƙatar 50 ko fiye da dubu na alatu don fure mai nasara. Yawancin tsire-tsire iri-iri na buƙatar haske mai yawa, in ba haka ba ganyayyaki na iya "dawo" zuwa launi mai kama.
Haske mai tsayi. Wadannan tsire-tsire sun haɗa da tsire-tsire na ƙasa - bromeliads, begonias, ficus, philodendron, caladium, chlorophytum, brugmanzia, brunfelsia, clerodendrum, crossander, medinilla, pandorea, rutia, barleria, tibuhin. Matsayin haske da ake so a gare su shine 10-20 dubu lux.
Rashin haske. Batun “tsire-tsire masu son inuwa” ba gaskiya bane. Duk tsirrai suna son haske, gami da dracaena tsaye a cikin kusurwar duhu. Kawai ne cewa wasu tsire-tsire za su iya girma (a wanzu su kasance) a cikin ɗan haske. Idan ba ku bi ƙimar haɓaka ba, to za su ji daɗin haske mai sauƙi. Ainihin, waɗannan sune tsire-tsire na ƙananan ƙananan - chamedorrhea, whitefeldia, anthurium, diphenbachia, philodendron, spathiphyllum, echinanthus. Ya ishe su daga 5 zuwa 10 dubu lux.

Matakan hasken da aka bayar kusan sun isa kuma suna iya zama matsayin farawa domin zaɓar tsarin hasken wuta. Ina sake jaddada cewa, wannan alkalumman na girma ne, da kuma kyakkyawan shuka, ba wai don “lokacin hunturu bane,” lokacin da za a iya bayar da ingantaccen matakin haske.

Girman haske

Miti mai haske

Don haka, yanzu kun san yawan hasken da shuka kuke buƙata kuma kuna son bincika idan ta sami duk abin da take buƙata. Duk ƙididdigar ka'idojin suna da kyau, amma yana da kyau a auna ainihin haske inda tsire-tsire suke. Idan kuna da mitsi mai haske, to kun kasance cikin sa'a (hoto a hagu). Idan babu mita mai haske, to kada ku yanke ƙauna. Mitar watsawa ta kyamara daidai ce mita mai haske, amma a maimakon haske sai ta bayar da kyawawan dabi'u na gudu, i.e. lokacin yana ɗauka don buɗe murfin kyamara. Lowerarancin haske, da tsawon lokaci. Komai yana da sauki.

Idan kuna da mitar bayyanar waje, sanya shi a wurin da zaku auna hasken, domin sinadaran daukar hoto ya zama daidai da fadin abin da ya faru da hasken a farfajiya.

Yawancin kyamarorin dijital na zamani suna nuna saurin motsi da saurin rufewa, suna sauƙaƙe tsarin auna hasken

Idan kayi amfani da kyamara, to sai a sanya wata takarda na farin matte takamala ta gefen hasken wutar da abin ya faru (kar a yi amfani da haske - zai bada sakamako da bai dace ba). Zaɓi girman firam har takarda ta mamaye dukkan firam ɗin. Mai da hankali kan shi ba na tilas bane. Zaɓi sha'awar fim na raka'a 100 (kyamarorin dijital na zamani suna ba ka damar "sauƙaƙa" hankalin fim ɗin). Yin amfani da saurin motsi da ƙimar motsi, ƙayyade haske a cikin tebur. Idan ka saita darajar fim din zuwa raka'a 200, to dole ne a ninka darajar abin duniya, idan an saita darajar zuwa raka'a 50, sannan lambobin sun ninka ninki biyu. Shiga babban tashin hankali na gaba shima ya ninka darajar. Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya kimanta matakin haske a inda tsirrai suke.

Budewa	Wanda Aka Kwashe	Haske (Lx) don fim na raka'a 100
Budewa	Wanda Aka Kwashe	Mita hasken waje	Kamara a yayin walƙatarwa akan takarda
2.8	1/4	70	8
2.8	1/8	140	15
2.8	1/15	250	30
2.8	1/30	500	60
2.8	1/60	1000	120
2.8	1/125	2100	240
2.8	1/250	4300	1000
2.8	1/500	8700	2000
4	1/250	8700	2000
4	1/500	17000	4000
5.6	1/250	17000	4000
5.6	1/500	35000	8000
5.6	1/1000	70000	16000
8	1/250	35000	8000
8	1/500	70000	16000
8	1/1000	140000	32000

Ta amfani da tunani

Amfani da mai tunani zai baka damar kara amfani da kwararar hasken lantarkin sau da yawa

Idan kayi amfani da fitilar mai kyalli ba tare da mai haskakawa ba, to zaka rage hasken mai amfani ne sau da yawa. Abu ne mai sauki ka fahimci cewa hasken da ke karkatar da shi kawai ya shiga tsirrai ne. Wannan hasken da aka tura zuwa sama bashi da amfani. Hasken da yake makantar da idanunku idan kuka kalli fitilar budewa shima ba shi da amfani. Kyakkyawan mai haskakawa yana jagoranci haske, yana rufe idanu, ƙasa zuwa tsire-tsire. Sakamakon yin amfani da fitila mai haske ya nuna cewa hasken a tsakiya, lokacin amfani da mai haskakawa, yana ƙaruwa kusan sau uku, kuma hasken haske a saman yana ƙara zama mai haske - fitilar tana haskaka tsirrai, kuma ba duk abin da ke kewaye ba.

Yawancin kayan gyaran da aka siyar a cikin shagunan kayan gida basu da mai haskakawa ko abin da bai kamata a kira shi mai tunani ba. Tsarin na musamman don tsire-tsire masu haske ko akwatin kifaye tare da masu tunani suna da tsada sosai. A gefe guda, yin gidan gyaran gida ba mai wahala bane.

Yadda ake yin mai gyaran gida don fitilar mai kyalli

Siffar mai haskakawa, musamman ga fitilu daya ko biyu, ba ta da matsala - duk wani nau'in “kyakkyawa”, wanda adadin kwalliya ba su fi guda ɗaya ba kuma dawowar haske zuwa fitilar ba ta da yawa, zai sami kusan inganci iri ɗaya a cikin kewayon 10-15%. Wannan adadi yana nuna sashin giciye na mai tunani. Ana iya ganin tsayinsa ya kamata ya zama cewa dukkan haskoki da ke saman iyakar (ray 1 a cikin hoton) mai haskakawa ya rikice - a wannan yanayin fitilar ba zata makantar da idanunku ba.

Idan aka ba da jagoranci na katako mai nuna alama (alal misali, ƙasa ko a kusurwa), za mu iya yin jujjuyawar zuwa saman haskakawa a yayin tunani (aya 1 a cikin adon), wanda ya raba kusurwa tsakanin abin da ya faru da katako a cikin rabin - dokar tunani. Ta wannan hanyar, an tabbatar da madaidaicin a wasu wuraren (aya 2 a cikin siffa).

Don tabbatarwa, an bada shawara a ɗauki pointsan maki don yadda halin da aka nuna a aya 3 bai juya, inda katako da ke nuna ba ya sauka. Bayan haka, zaku iya yin firam ɗin polygonal, ko kuma gina madaidaiciya kwana kuma tanƙwara mai haskakawa bisa ga samfuri. Kada ka sanya saman haskakawa kusa da fitilar, saboda haskoki zasu sake komawa cikin fitilar. A wannan yanayin, fitilar za ta yi ɗumi.

Ana iya yin tunatarwar ko dai daga alumilun tsare tsare, alal misali, abinci, wanda yake da kwarjini sosai. Hakanan zaka iya fenti mai haskakawa tare da farin fenti. Haka kuma, ingancinsa kusan iri daya ne da na mai “madubi”. Tabbatar yin ramuka a saman mai ba da damar samun iska.

Tsawon lokaci da ingancin haske

A cikin hoto: tumatir girma a ƙarƙashin hasken fitilu daban-daban. 1 - fitilar Mercury ba tare da tacewa ba, 2, 3 - fitilar Mercury tare da abubuwan tacewa wadanda ke cire wasu bangarori na bakan. 4 - fitilar incandescent. Daga littafin Bickford / Dunn “Haske don Shuka Shuka” (1972)

Tsawan lokacin haske yawanci 12-16 ne, gwargwadon irin tsiro. Za a iya samun ƙarin madaidaitan bayanai, kazalika da shawarwari a kan photoperiodism (alal misali, yadda ake yin poinsettia da aka ambata a sama Bloom) ana iya samun su a cikin takaddun marubutan. Ga yawancin tsire-tsire, adadi na sama ya isa.

Game da ingancin hasken wutar lantarki an faɗi fiye da sau ɗaya. Misali ɗaya hoto ne na tsire-tsire da aka girma a ƙarƙashin hasken wuta tare da fitilar Mercury (hoto daga tsohuwar littafi, yayin da kusan babu wasu fitilu) da fitilar incandescent. Idan baku buƙatar tsayi da tsire-tsire masu tsayi, to, kada kuyi amfani da fitila mai ɓoyewa ko sodium ba tare da ƙarin hasken wuta ba tare da fitilun fitila mai ƙona haske da fitila a cikin shudi mai shuɗi.

Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, fitilar shuka yakamata ya haskaka tsirrai domin ya zama da daɗi idan aka duba. Fitilar sodium a cikin wannan ma'anar ita ce mafi kyawun fitila ga tsire-tsire - hoton yana nuna yadda tsire-tsire suke kama da irin wannan fitilar in an kwatanta da hasken wuta tare da fitilar ƙarfe.

Lissafin wutar fitila

Don haka mun zo mafi mahimmancin abu - fitilu nawa za a ɗauka don tsire-tsire masu haske. Yi la'akari da tsare-tsaren haske biyu: fitila mai fitowar wuta da fitila mai fitar da iskar gas.

Yawan fitilar mai kyalli ana iya tantance ta ta hanyar sanin matsakaicin matakin hasken a farfajiya. Wajibi ne a sami kwararar mai amfani a cikin lumens (a yawaita haske a cikin lux ta yankin farfajiyar a cikin mita). Rashin haske kusan 30% ne don fitilar da aka rataye a tsayin 30 cm daga tsire-tsire, kuma 50% don fitilu a nesa da 60 cm daga tsire-tsire. Wannan gaskiyane idan kayi amfani da tunani. Ba tare da shi ba, asara yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa. Bayan an ƙaddara kwararar fitilar fitilar, mutum zai iya samun ƙarfin ikon su duka, da sanin cewa fitilun mai kyalli suna ba da kusan 65 Lm a Watt na ƙarfin.

Misali, mu kiyasta yawan fitilolin da ake buƙata don hasken wuta don shiryayyen ma'aunin 0.5 × 1 mita. Yankin farfajiyar da aka haskaka: 0.5 × 1 = 0.5 sq.m. Da ace muna buƙatar kunna tsire-tsire waɗanda suka fi son matsakaicin haske (15,000 Lux). Zai zama da wahala a haskaka dukkanin duniyan tare da irin wannan hasken, don haka zamuyi kimantawa bisa matsakaicin hasken 0.7 × 15000 = 11000 Lx, sanya filayen da suke buƙatar ƙarin haske a ƙarƙashin fitila inda wutar take saman tsaka.

Jimilla, kuna buƙatar 0.5x11000 = 5500 Lm. Lankunan a tsawo na 30 cm ya kamata ya ba da kusan sau ɗaya da rabi ƙarin haske (asarar 30%), i.e. kusan 8250 lm. Jimlar ƙarfin fitilun zai kasance kimanin 8250/65 = 125 W, i.e. Wurare mai haske 55 W mai fitowar fitila tare da mai haskakawa ya ba da adadin daidai hasken. Idan kuna son sanya bututu na yau da kullun a 40 watts, to zasu buƙaci guda uku ko ma hudu, tunda shagunan da aka sanya a kusa da juna sun fara kare juna, kuma ingantaccen tsarin hasken wutar lantarki yana raguwa. Yi ƙoƙarin amfani da fitilun fitilun zamani na zamani maimakon na yau da kullun, don mafi yawan ɓangarorin ana ɓacewa, shambura. Idan bakayi amfani da mai haskakawa ba, to a wannan tsarin zaku sami karin fitila sau uku ko hudu.

Lissafin yawan fitilun fitila

Zaɓi matakin haske.
Mahimmancin kwararar hasken fitila a farfajiya:
L = 0.7 x A x B
(tsayi da faɗi a cikin mita)
Ana buƙatar kwararar hasken fitila, la'akari da asarar (a gaban mai tunani):
Fitila = L x C
(C = 1.5 don fitila a tsayin 30 cm da C = 2 don fitila a tsayin 60 cm)
Jimlar wutar fitila:
=arfi = Fitila / 65

Don fitilu fitilu, lissafin yana kama da haka. Fitila ta musamman tare da fitilar Wodium 250 W yana ba da matsakaicin matakin haske na 15,000 lux a kan wani yanki da yake auna 1 sq.m.

Tsarin walƙiya na haske don shuka

Idan an san sigogin haske na fitilar, to yana da sauƙin ƙididdige hasken. Misali, adadi a gefen hagu ya nuna cewa fitilar (OSRAM Floraset, 80W) tana haskaka da'irar da yazarar kusan mita a nesa nesa ba kusa da rabin mitan daga fitilar ba. Matsakaicin darajar haske shine 4600 Lux. Hasken haske zuwa gefensa ya sauka da sauri, saboda haka ana iya amfani da wannan fitilar don tsire-tsire waɗanda basu buƙatar haske mai yawa.

Hoto na gefen hagu yana nuna ɓacin lokacin tsananin haske (fitila ɗaya kamar ta sama). Don neman haske a nesa daga fitilar, ya zama dole a raba ƙimar hasken hasken ta hanyar murabba'in nesa. Misali, a nisan rabin mil a qarqashin fitilar, darajar hasken zata yi daidai da 750 / (0.5) 0.5) = 3000 Lux.

Muhimmiyar ma'ana - fitilun kada su yi zafi. Tare da kara yawan zafin jiki, fitowar hasken su tana raguwa sosai. Mai tunatarwa dole ne ya kasance yana da budewa don sanyaya. Idan kayi amfani da fitila mai yawa, yakamata kayi amfani da fan don sanyaya sanyi, kamar kwamfuta. Babban fitowar fitilun fitilun galibi suna da ginanniyar fan.

Kammalawa

A cikin wannan jerin labaran, an magance matsalolin da yawa game da hasken shuka. Yawancin batutuwa ba su da tasiri, alal misali, zaɓin mafi kyawun da'irar lantarki don kunna fitilun, wanda shine muhimmin mahimmanci. Waɗanda ke da sha'awar wannan batun za su fi dacewa su koma kan wallafe-wallafe ko kuma kwararru.

Mafi kyawun tsarin dabara don tsara tsarin hasken wuta yana farawa tare da ƙaddara matakin da ake buƙata na haske. Sannan yakamata ku kimanta adadin fitilun da nau'in su. Kuma kawai bayan haka - rush zuwa kantin sayar da fitilu.

Godiya ta musamman ga ma’aikatan shafin toptropicals.com saboda izinin buga labarin a kan arzikin mu.