Danshi

Ganyen tsiro mai tsiro na Snowdrop (Galanthus), wanda kuma ake kira galanthus, memba ne na dangin Amaryllis. Wannan kwayar halittar ta hada nau'ikan guda 18, da kuma wasu mutanen halittu masu hade da juna. Sunan kimiyya na wannan shuka a cikin fassara daga tsohuwar Hellenanci yana nufin "milky-flowered", wanda ke hade da launin furanni. A Ingila, ana kiran irin wannan fure mai suna "dusar kankara" ko "dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara", kuma Jamusawa suna kiranta da "ƙwanƙolin dusar ƙanƙara", kuma a Rasha sunan ta biyu shine "dusar ƙanƙara", wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa irin waɗannan furanni suna bayyana lokacin da saman ƙasa har yanzu an rufe shi da dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin Caucasus, ana samun mafi yawan jinsunan, wato guda 16, yayin da 6 daga cikin wadannan nau'ikan ke fuskantar barazanar rugujewa, don haka an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi. Yawancin nau'ikan dusar kankara sun daɗe da shuka ta hanyar tsire-tsire kamar ornamental tsire-tsire. Misali, irin wannan nau'in terry kamar Flore Pleno a al'ada tun daga 1731. Yawancin kyawawan tatsuniyoyi suna da alaƙa da irin wannan shuka. Misali, wani daga cikinsu ya ce a ranar da Hauwa'u da Adamu suka bar Adnin, dusar ƙanƙara ce. Hauwa'u ta yi sanyi sosai kuma ta fara kuka, kuma Mahalicci, yana ƙoƙarin ta'azantar da ita, ya juya dusar ƙanƙara da yawa zuwa dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ya zama furannin farko a duniya.

Siffofin kankara

Snowdrop shine tsire-tsire mai bulbous, shine zamani. Zamaninsu na ɗan gajeren lokaci ne, kuma tsawonsa ya dogara da halayen yanayin yankin inda irin wannan fure yake girma. Kwakwalwa a cikin diamita ya kai daga 20 zuwa 30 mm, sun haɗa da sikeli, wanda shekarunsa shine shekaru 1-3. Kowace shekara, ma'aunin 3 yana girma akan kwan fitila, kuma ana kafa yara a cikin zunubansu. Amintattun fayila ko laushi, matte ko m takardar faranti akan ƙarkashin kula ana kiyaye su. Ganyayyaki da furanni suna bayyana a lokaci guda. Fenti ana fentin cikin tabarau daban-daban na kore. A cikin sashin giciye, ana iya zagaye kibiyar fure ko dan kadan. Zai iya zama launin toka ko m, kibiya kuma ta ƙare tare da furen fure mai fure. Lokacin da furanni ya kusan kare, kibiya fure zata zama mara nauyi. Bracts sun hada da takalmin katakon takalmin. Perianth ya ƙunshi ganye na 6, wato, uku na waje, fentin fararen fata, da iri guda na ciki - akan farin su akwai faran bakin launi wanda shtriks suka kirkira, an sanya shi kusa da gwaggwon biri. Ana lura da ruwa a farkon rabin lokacin bazara. Don pollination, furanni suna buƙatar kwari. 'Ya'yan itace akwati ne mai buɗe nama, wanda a ciki akwai wasu nau'ikan da aka zana.

Dasa dusar ƙanƙara a sararin sama

Wani lokaci don shuka

Gardenerswararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar siye da dasa kwararan fitila na dusar ƙanƙara a cikin ƙasa a cikin Yuli-Satumba. Idan lokacin kaka ya yi tsawo da dumi, to za a iya dasa shukar kwan fitila har sai Nuwamba. Kwararan fitila tare da furanni ba a ba da shawarar za a saya ba, saboda bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa za su bushe su mutu. Koyaya, kwan fitila ba zai mutu ba, amma a kaka mai zuwa fure irin wannan daji zai yi rauni sosai, kuma a wasu halaye ba zai yi fure ba kwata-kwata. Kwararan fitila suna da shawarar zaɓi mai nauyi da mai yawa, yayin da kwaskwarimar kariya dole ta kasance. Hakanan yana da kyau idan kayan dasa ba su da alamun farkon girma (primordia na peduncles ko Tushen), in ba haka ba akwai buƙatar a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa buɗe nan da nan bayan sayan. Cuts na iya kasancewa a kan kwan fitila, amma ka yi hankali kada ka cutar da sikeli. Broken ko matattarar kayan shuki bai cancanci siyan kaya ba, tunda akwai yuwuwar yiwuwar sassan da ke karyewar zasu fara jujjuya su. Kada a adana fitilan da aka saya fiye da makonni 4. Koyaya, idan dole ne a adana kayan dasawa na dogon lokaci, to, an bada shawarar sanya shi cikin jakar filastik mai lalacewa, yayin da kwararan fitila ya kamata a yayyafa shi da ɗanɗano ko shasha.

Dokokin saukarwa

Don dasa shuki na baznthus na bazara, ya kamata ka zaɓi wuraren buɗe rana, amma kuma ana iya girma cikin wuri mai inuwa a ƙarƙashin bushes ko bishiyoyi. Rigar, sako-sako da ƙasa mai kyau ya fi dacewa da shuka irin furanni. Yankunan da ke da yumbu da ƙasa mai nauyi, har ma da wuraren da ake lura da kwararar ruwa, basu dace da dasa dusar ƙanƙara ba. Irin waɗannan furanni suna da ikon sarrafa zurfin dasa, don haka idan an dasa su sosai zurfi, to, sabon kwan fitila zai samar a farfajiyar a farfajiyar, a zurfin da yake buƙata. Idan aka dasa kwararan fitila a wani zurfin zurfin, to sannu a hankali za su karaya, amma zasu fara girma cikin sauri ta yara. Ya kamata a dasa Galanthus a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin ƙasa da mm 50. Mafi kyawun dasa daskararren dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ya ƙunshi 10-30 bushes.

Kula da dusar kankara a cikin lambu

Girma galanthus a cikin lambun ka yana da sauqi. Ba a buƙatar irin wannan al'ada ba, tunda a cikin bazara bayan murfin dusar ƙanƙara ya narke, isasshen adadin ruwa mai isasshen ruwa yana ƙunshe cikin ƙasa. Koyaya, idan a cikin hunturu akwai dusar ƙanƙara sosai, kuma an lura da fari a cikin bazara, to a wasu lokuta ya zama dole a shayar da bushes ɗin, in ba haka ba zasu zama ƙasa. Wannan shuka kuma baya buƙatar weeding, tunda yayin girma na dusar ƙanƙara, babu wasu ciyayi duk da haka.

Wajibi ne a ciyar da irin wannan shuka a kai a kai, amma a lokaci guda dole ne a kiyaye wasu ka'idoji. Noman da ke kunshe da dumbin nitrogen basa buƙatar amfani da ƙasa, wannan mahimmin abu yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin haɓakar kore, idan akwai wadataccen ganye, to a ƙananan zafin jiki da babban zafi akwai babban yuwuwar samun cutar fungal. Takaitaccen takin ma'adinai, wanda yakamata ya ƙunshi babban adadin phosphorus da potassium, ya fi dacewa da ciyar da irin shuka. Gaskiyar ita ce, potassium yana taimakawa wajen samar da lafiya da kwararan kwararan fitila tare da tsananin tsananin sanyi a daji. Kuma phosphorus yana ƙarfafa fure na galanthus.

Juyawa

Zai yuwu a haɓaka irin wannan al'ada a wuri guda na dogon lokaci, amma, masana sun ba da shawara ga dasawa sau ɗaya kowace shekara 5-6. Wannan saboda a cikin shekara 1 kimanin yara 2 ake kafawa a kan kwan fitila, kuma a tsawon shekaru 6 suna girma sosai, kuma sun fara jin karancin abinci mai gina jiki. Dangane da wannan, yakamata a ɗauki nauyin kwararan fitila a kai a kai, rarraba da kuma dasa.

Snowdrop yaduwa

An dasa ciyayi kuma ya kasu kashi, yayin da ragowar dusar kankara bata gama bushewa da bushewa gaba daya. Kwararan fitila suna buƙatar rarrabewa, ba a raba su da sauran filayen ƙasa ba. Bayan wuraren da aka yanyanka da kwandon shara, an dasa fitilar nan da nan a cikin ramuka a cikin dindindin.

Hakanan ana iya yin dusar ƙanƙara daga zuriya, yayin da kuke buƙatar la'akari da cewa irin wannan al'adar tana haɓaka da kyau kuma shuka-kai. Farkon fure, wanda aka girma daga tsaba, tsire-tsire zai zo ne kawai bayan shekaru 4 ko 5 bayan bayyanar seedlings.

Bayan fure

Lokacin da bushes yayi fure, ba a yanke ganye nan da nan, amma bayan ya mutu ne da kanshi, in ba haka ba za'a rushe tsari na kwan fitila, kuma daji bazai yi fure a kaka mai zuwa ba. Haka kuma, ciyayi yana haɓaka tattara abubuwan gina jiki ta kwararan fitila, godiya ga wanda zasu iya tsira da kullun hunturu a cikin ƙasa. A lokacin dasa shuki da kwararan fitila a ƙarshen kaka, farfajiya na yakamata a rufe humus ko peat.

Karin kwari da cututtuka na dusar ƙanƙara

Cutar

Galanthus lokacin da yayi girma a cikin lambu na iya kamuwa da cuta ko kwayar cutar fungal. A wani bangare na sashi na shuka da cutar hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, ana kafa alamomi da datti na shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko launi mai launin shuɗi, launin fatar ganye ya zama bututu, kuma gefen furen yana nannade. Dole ne a kakkarye daji da abin ya shafa da wuri-wuri, yayin da yankin da ya girma ya kamata a zubar da mafita mai ƙarfi na potassiumgangan.

Idan foliage suka launin launin ruwan kasa ko baƙar fata, to wannan yana nuna cewa tsatsa ta shafi shuka. Idan ta kamu da rashin lafiya tare da toka, to, zazzagewa da launin launin toka mai kauri akan fuskarta. Dole ne a yanke sassan da cutar ta kamu da cutar, yayin da bushes kansu da ƙasa mai kusa da su dole ne a fesa tare da maganin ƙwayar cuta, wanda aka shirya sosai bisa ga umarnin da aka liƙa da miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Har ila yau, rawaya na iya bayyana akan ganyaye, wannan na iya zama saboda gaskiyar cewa tsiron ya shafi chlorosis sakamakon rashin ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa ko kuma magudanar mara kyau. Don warkar da dusar ƙanƙara, ya kamata a gabatar da baƙin ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa a cikin nau'in chelated.

Karin kwari

Nematodes, har ma da caterpillars na scoop malam buɗe ido, na iya sasantawa kan irin wannan al'ada. Caterpillars na diba cutar da kwararan fitila da dusar ƙanƙara, da tarin da halaka ne da za'ayi a cikin kaka tare da weeding. A wannan lokacin, matafila suna shirya don ɗalibi.

Yana da matukar wahala a rabu da nematodes. Nematodes ƙananan tsutsotsi ne, amma ba za'a iya ganin su da ido tsirara ba. A daji wanda wannan tsutsotsi suka zauna, ciwace-ciwacen daji na yau da kullun na launin rawaya launin shuɗi tare da gefen faranti. A ɓangaren kwan fitila, duhu mai duhu ana iya bambance shi, yana raba ɓangaren lafiyarsa daga mai haƙuri. Dukkanin cututtukan bushes dole ne a cire daga ƙasa kuma a ƙone su. Kwararan fitila na kyawawan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar haƙa shi, an cire ragowar ƙasa daga gare su, sannan a adana su na tsawon awanni 3 zuwa 4 a cikin ruwa mai ruwa (digiri 40 zuwa 45). Ba'a amfani da rukunin yanar gizon da ke ɗauke da cutar ne don tsiro kowane albarkatu na akalla shekaru biyar.

Abubuwan kwari kamar bera da moles suna iya lalata dusar ƙanƙanƙan, suna cutar da kwararan fitila a ƙasa, kuma suna iya ɗaukar su zuwa cikin matattarar su. Wadancan wurare a kan kwararan fitila da aka gnawed, a matsayin mai mulkin, rot, da bushes rage gudu a cikin girma, kuma suna duba waje zalunta. Dole ne a tono kwararan fitila da kuma datse duk wuraren da suke da lalacewa zuwa nama mai lafiya. Ana kula da wuraren da ake yankewa da baƙin ƙarfe ko toka na itace, bayan wannan sai su jira har sai sun bushe. Don hana lalacewar da kwararan fitila ta rodents, bai kamata a dasa su akan wani shafi mai 3 m a diamita ba wanda ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire ko ciyawar perennial tare da sods wanda ke samar da labule. Gaskiyar ita ce beraye sun fi so su zauna a cikin su, amma ƙwayoyin dabbobi ba sa motsawa sama da 3 m daga mazaunin nasu .. Don kawar da moles, ana bada shawara don sanya bait da yawa tare da guba ko tarko a shafin.

Filastik ƙarƙashin ƙasa na iya cutar da galanthus, ya kamata a lura cewa sun fi son zama a cikin ƙasa mai daɗin yumɓu. Don share ƙasa daga irin waɗannan kwari, ana amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman. Don dalilai na hanawa, lokacin dasa shuki shuka, albasa da ke cikin ramin ana zuba saman kogin da yashi mai cike da ruwa, sannan ramin ya cika saman da ƙasa mai laushi.

Iri da nau'ikan dusar kankara tare da hotuna da sunaye

An riga an faɗi a sama cewa a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya akwai bayanin nau'ikan 18. Koyaya, har zuwa yau, masana kimiyya basu cika fahimtar inda jinsin, nau'in halitta suke ba. Da ke ƙasa za a bayyana mashahuran wakilan Galanthus na ɗabi'a, waɗanda suka fi son noma shuki.

Alpine dusar kankara (Galanthus alpinus = Galanthus schaoricus)

Wannan dusar ƙanƙara yana da matuƙar gargaɗi ga Yammacin Transcaucasia. Albasa ya kai mm 35 a tsayi, kuma 20 mm a ƙasan. A saman faranti masu launin kore mai duhu-lanceolate ganye akwai hari na launin launin toka. Tsarin Peduncle tsawo 60-90 mm. Furen an yi fentin fari.

Caucasian dusar kankara (Galanthus caucasicus)

A cikin yanayin, ana samun irin wannan shuka a cikin gandun daji na tsakiya da ƙananan bangarorin Central Transcaucasia. Tsawon faranti mai launin fulawa yakai kimanin 0.3 m, suna da sifar layin kwance. Tsawon ƙafafun kafa na kimanin santimita 10. Furannin furanni masu kamshi sun kai mm 25 a tsayi, kuma mm 15 a fadin. A lobes na ciki abune mai launin shuɗi, waɗanda ke kusa da tukwicin dabbobin. Irin wannan dusar kankara da aka noma tun daga 1887.

Kawasaki Aldon (Galanthus bortkewitschianus)

Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai matuƙar gargajiyar Arewacin Caucasus, ya samo sunan ta don girmamawa ga shahararren masanin ilimin kimiyar arziƙi da dendrologist V.M. Bortkevich. Tsawon kwararan fitila shine 30-40 mm, yayin da a diamita zasu iya kaiwa daga 20 zuwa 30 mm. Takaddun faranti masu launin shuɗi masu duhu suna lanceolate, kuma a saman su akwai hari na launin launin toka. Tsawon kibau na fure ya kai mil 60; akwai aibu kore a saman fararen furanni.

Cilician Snowdrop (Galanthus cilicicus = Galanthus rizehensis)

Ana iya samun irin wannan shuka a yankin Batumi, har ma da ƙafafun ƙafa da duwatsun Asiya orarama. Matte mai duhu mai duhu na kayan ganye suna layi a layi. Tsawon farfajiyar yakai santimita 18. Furanni furanni suna da fatar kore a jikin tepals na ciki.

Shankidan (Galanthus elwesii)

Wannan tsiro ya samu sunan ta don girmamawa ga sanannen mai tattara John Henry Elvis. An samo shi a cikin tsaunukan Asiya oraramar, Kudu maso Gabashin Turai, a yankin Odessa na Ukraine da kuma a Moldova. Tsawon kibiyoyin fure na wannan dogayen shuka ya kai kimanin santimita 25. Wen faranti na faranti ana fentin launin shuɗi-shuɗi. Manyan furanni masu ƙanshi suna da siffar mai sihiri. Wannan nau'in yana da canji, saboda haka a Turai suna girma nau'i 15 na irin wannan dusar kankara. Misali, Galanthus elwesii var. maxima: wannan nau'in yana da faranti na ganye da girma fiye da babban yadda ake gani, kuma suna da warin fuska.

Amintaccen ruwan sanyi (Galanthus plicatus)

A dabi'a, ana samun irin wannan galanthus a cikin jerin ƙasashen Romania, Moldova da Crimea. A cikin wannan asalin, ana ganin wannan nau'in mafi girma. Wani fasalin irin wannan tsiron shi ne cewa faranti na ganye da aka nada suna da gefen kunne. Da zarar furanni ya fara, tashin fararen launin toka ya bayyana a kan faranti na ganye, kuma a ƙarshen sa sai su zama shuɗi mai duhu mai launi. Tsarin Peduncles zai iya kaiwa santimita 25. Furanni ya kai tsawon mm 30, kuma mm 40 a ƙasan; suna da ƙanshi mai daɗin ji. An shuka wannan tsiron ne tun daga 1592. Wannan nau'in yana da nau'ikan lambun 10, tare da Wagram shine mafi mashahuri: furanni mai ban sha'awa na wannan nau'i.

Dansana dumama (Galanthus platyphyllus = Galanthus latifolius)

A dabi'a, ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin subalpine da bangarorin ruwan tsayi na Babban Caucasus Range. Irin wannan shuka ya dace sosai don namowa a yankin arewa. Tsawon kwararan fitila kusan 50 mm, kuma a cikin nisan sun isa mm 30. Fentin faranti mai launin fenti mai launin kore. Tsawon peduncle na iya bambanta daga 10 zuwa 20 santimita. A farfajiya da fararen furanni kore ne mai launin shuɗi.

Icarius dans (Galanthus ikariae)

Ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin m, mai laushi da yashi a cikin ƙasa mai duhu, ƙasa mai laushi na Girka. Kwan fitila ya kai mm 25 a ƙasan, kuma 30 mm a tsayi. Fararen ganye na ganye kore suna da launi mara nauyi. Peduncle ya kai tsayin kusan centimita 21. A farfajiya da furen fure wani yanki ne mai launin shuɗi.

Snowdrop fari (Galanthus nivalis)

Ana iya haɗuwa da wannan nau'in a gefuna, a tsakiyar bishiyoyi da kuma wuraren bude wuraren tsabtace ciki da ƙananan tsakiya na Ciscaucasia, da tsaunukan Tsakiya da Kudancin Turai. Wannan nau'in ya fi shahara tsakanin 'yan lambu a tsakanin duk wakilan halittar Snowdrop.Kwan fitilarsa a diamita na iya kaiwa kusan milimita 20. Flat ɗin farantin faranti ana fentin duhu ko launin shuɗi. Peduncles tsawo game da 12 santimita. Fure fure mai ƙyalƙyali sune keɓe, suna fenti fari, kuma a diamita sun kai mil 30. A tukwicin cikin tepals na ciki na furanni, akwai takaddun launin kore. Wannan nau'in dusar kankara yana da siffofin lambun da yawa, akwai kusan su hamsin daga cikinsu. Mafi shahararrun nau'in lambun terry:

• dabaru - a cikin wannan nau'in terry, fure na fure ya kai girman santimita 10, tsinkayen ya hada da manyan ganyayyaki 12 (kuma ba 6 ba, kamar yadda aka saba), suna da furucin launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi;
• Uwargidan dameer - an yi ado da bushes tare da fure mai fure na farin launi, kuma a lokaci guda alamun rawaya suna kan bangarorin da'irar ciki;
• Galanthus nivalis subsp. Angustifolius - wannan nau'in kunkuntar-tsattsage, sabanin babban nau'in, yana da ƙarami kaɗan.

Mafi mashahuri a tsakanin lambu shine irin waɗannan nau'ikan dusar ƙanƙara-fari-snow:

1. Arnott. A cikin furanni, kayan tepals na waje gajere ne kuma suna da fadi.
2. Lutescens. An bambanta wannan nau'in ta hanyar kulawa da buƙatarsa. Furanni masu kyau suna da launi mai launin palo.
3. Scharlockii. Smallan ƙaramin fure fure mai fure a daji, yana da dogon reshe a kan kibiyar furen.

Har yanzu a cikin al'ada, nau'ikan waɗannan nau'in wannan dusar kankara sun shahara sosai: Ophelia, Type Green Green da Viridapicis.