Lokacin bazara ya zo cikin nasa kuma masu farin ciki na gidaje ko ƙasa a cikin filin karkara suna zuwa ƙasar mahaifiya. Amma galibi murnar yin aiki a kasarsu ya mamaye karancin amfanin gona na mediocre. Hadin takin zamani ba koyaushe yana ba da sakamakon da ake tsammanin ba. Hanya mai kyau ta fita daga wannan mawuyacin halin shine fasahar dawo da ƙasa asarar kuzari da asarar jiki da rashi. Tare da girbin, an cire gishiri da sauran abubuwa daga filin, waɗanda sune ɓangaren haɗin humus, wanda ke ƙayyade takin ƙasa. Da yawan humus, da mafi girma da takin kasar gona. Wato, idan kun koma ƙasa kwayoyin halitta da za a sarrafa ta ta ƙasa biota zuwa humus, to lallai akwai yiwuwar dawo da haɓakar haihuwa.
Kayayyakin halittu sun mayar da takin ƙasa. USDAgovHalittu masu samfuran halitta na takin ƙasa
A Rasha, cibiyoyin cibiyoyin bincike sun sami nasarar tsunduma cikin ci gaban samfuran halitta da aka yi amfani da su a cikin aikin gona, gami da shirye-shiryen tallafin kayan sirri da kuma gidajen rani. Abubuwan ƙirar halitta sun bayyana a cikin siyarwar sayarwa, babban dalilin wanda shine aiki da ƙananan kwayoyin halitta a cikin kowane nau'i (taki, humus, takin, bambaro, ciyawa, sawdust da sauran sharar gida) cikin humus. Ba wai kawai sun mayar da kasar gona da takin gargajiya bane, har ma suna kara ta.
Menene shirye-shiryen microbiological?
Kayayyakin da aka samar da kayan halitta gaba daya suna dauke da nau'ikan kwayoyin halittu masu rayuwa, wanda wasu ke aiwatar da tsarin tsinkayen kwayoyin, da sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwan hakar ma'adinai wadanda ake iya shukawa. Bugu da kari, suna da ikon kunna tsarin tsabtace kasar gona daga magungunan kashe kwari. Abubuwan halittu masu ban mamaki sune abubuwan da suke kashewa ta yadda suke murƙushe cututtukan ƙasa, fiye da inganta ci gaban tsirrai, da rage yawan abin da ya faru.
- Tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tsari na takin ƙasa da ƙwayoyin cuta an tsara su don dawo da haihuwa ta dabi'a kuma suna kula da ƙasa da gurɓataccen abu.
- Suna da tasiri a cikin aiki da ƙasa a cikin ɓoyayyen ƙasa don manufar disinfection daga microflora pathogenic.
- Theara yawan wadatar abinci a cikin tushen abinci da ciyar da foliar.
- Hanzarta lalata bazuwar kwayoyin halitta lokacin da ake kwanciya takin.
- Rarraba greenhouses daga mummunan fungi a lokacin lura da ganuwar da ceilings.
- An yi nasarar amfani da shi wajen sarrafa tsaba da sauran kayan shuka.
- Inganci a cikin kula da seedlings da tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Fasaha don maido da tsarin ƙasa tare da samfuran halitta
A yau a cikin manema labarai ana samun ƙarin ra'ayoyi masu kyau game da illolin samfuran halitta akan maido da ƙwayar ƙasa. Fiye da shekaru 3-4 na amfani da kullun, yanayin ƙasa ya ɓace, tsarin sa ya inganta. Yana asarar yumbu. A cikin balagagge, ya fara samo friability. Launin ƙasa ya canza zuwa duhu, wanda ke nuna tarin humus.
Za'a iya yin la'akari da fasaha ta maidowa da ƙasa da ƙarin bayani dalla-dalla ta amfani da samfurin kimiyyar Ekomik Urozhayny a matsayin misali.
Hanyar da aka gina ta ta samar da maganin. Lan Alan KotokHalittar halittu "Girbi Ekomik"
Samfurin samfuran halitta "Girom Ekomik" yana samuwa a cikin nau'i na ruwa a cikin kwalayen filastik tare da ƙarfin 0.5 da 1.0 lita. Abun da samfurin halittar ya hada da rayuwa halittu na kananan halittu don kara aiki. Yana nufin samfurin abokantaka. Kwayoyin cuta wadanda suka zama samfurin halittu basa cutar da lafiyar mutum da muhalli. Ta hanyar rage cututtukan ƙasa, kayayyakin ƙwayoyin halitta suna rage tushen cutar ƙasa, kamuwa da tsire-tsire tare da cututtukan fungal, da kuma haɓaka haɓaka da haɓaka. Rashin cutarwa na samfuran halitta yana ba ku damar cire kayan amfanin gona na kayan lambu wanda ke da kayan lambu da kayan lambu da kayan marmari.
"Girbi na Ekomik" yana da fa'ida don amfani. Hanyoyin aikinsa na aiki, suna shirye don amfani, suna da tattalin arziƙi, tunda an fara amfani da mafita don shirya ma'aikaci a maida hankali kan 1: 1000-1: 2000. Sau ɗaya a cikin yanayin halitta, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna fara ninkawa da sauri. Kafin shirya hanyoyin magance aiki, samfurin halittu ya girgiza. Don mafita mai aiki koyaushe yi amfani da ruwan da aka bushe (+ 25 ° C). Kasancewar chlorine yana kashe microflora.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin sayen magani, kula da ranar samarwa. Matsakaicin tasirin samfurin halittu yana samarwa a cikin shekara ɗaya daga ranar da aka ƙera shi.
Amfani da takin zamani
Babban abin da ake buƙata lokacin da ake amfani da fasaha don mayar da takin ƙasa na ƙasa ta amfani da takin zamani na ƙwaƙwalwa shine cikawa da kwayoyin halitta. Hadaddun kwayoyin halitta masu amfani suna aiki da kwayoyin halitta zuwa cikin humus kuma ya kara zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan gishiri, wadanda sune abincin shuka. Saboda haka, yayin da ake samun kwayoyin halitta a cikin taki, dattin tsuntsu, tarkace, takin, ciyawa, sawdust da sauran sharar kwayoyin da suke shiga cikin kasar, haka humus zai samar da microflora mai amfani. Tsire-tsire ba za su sami lokacin yin amfani da duk humus ba. Zai tara abinci, takin ƙasa kuma zai yi girma tare da shi. Bugu da kari, masu noman kasar gona sun lalata halakar microflora na pathogenic, tsaftacewa da warkar da kasar. Amfani da samfurin kwayoyin Ekomik Urozhayny tare da wadatar mai mai kyau tare da kwayoyin yana haɓaka samuwar ƙwayoyin humus a cikin ƙasa sau da yawa.
Tumatir seedlings bi da tare da nazarin halittu samfurin. Ro Phil RoederTsarin iri
Samfurin kwayoyin halitta yadda yakamata ya lalata iri. Tare da shirya kai na seedlings, ana iya sarrafa tsaba cikin sauri. Don shirya mafita mai aiki a cikin 150-200 g na ruwan dumi (+ 25 ° C), a zahiri an saukar da pipette 5 na samfurin halittar. Cakuda yana zuga kuma ana nutsar da tsaba a cikin bayani na minti 30, a nannade cikin kananan gauze nodules. Dry ta hanyar yada a kan tawul na takarda ka shuka. Lokaci da aka kashe akan lalata shine kaɗan, tunda ba a buƙatar ƙarin magani.
Applicationasa aikace-aikace
Bayan an girbe, an cire taki, humus, takin da sauran sharar shuka kuma a warwatsa su a gonar gonar. Ba tare da juyawa ba, an toshe saman (10-15 cm) kuma ana shayar da shi. A rana ta 2-3, ana zubar da ƙasa mai withwa withwa tare da bayani mai aiki na samfurin nazarin halittu da mulched. Ana yin aiki na kaka kafin farkon yanayin sanyi (Agusta-Satumba, yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa ba ƙasa da + 10 ... + 12 ° С). A cikin bazara tare da bayani mai aiki, ana kulawa da ƙasa 7-10 kwanaki kafin dasa shuki ko shuka iri. Bayan an yi ruwa tare da yin ruwa tare da bututun ƙarfe, saman (a zahiri cm 5) an kwance shi kuma ya ɗanɗaɗa mulched da ƙananan ciyawa. Don shirya mafita mai aiki, ana ɗaukar 10 l na ruwa, mai zafi zuwa + 25 ° C, gauraye da 100 ml na babban shiri, wanda ya dace da maida hankali kan mafita na 1: 100. A cikin bude ƙasa ta 1 sq Km. m yankin ciyar a kan watering 3 lita na bayani. A cikin ƙasa mai kariya, yawan amfani da lita 1 a kowace murabba'in 1. m Forarin ƙarin tsabtace na greenhouse, ana yayyafa ganuwar da rufin da gyada.
Tsarin seedling
Samfurin kwayoyin "Ekomik Urozhayny" yadda yakamata ba kawai microflora na ƙasa ba ne, har ma ya sami nasarar kare ƙarancin seedlings daga cututtukan fungal, da haɓaka juriya ga sauran cututtuka.
Lokacin sarrafa amfanin gona tare da aikin Ekomik Urozhayny, dole ne a lura da abubuwan da ake shawarar dillancin. Dole ne a shirya mafita mai aiki don fesawa a cikin dilution na 1: 1000, wato, 10 ml na farkon bayani an zuba cikin lita 10 na ruwa, gauraye, aka yayyafa shi ta hanyar bindiga da aka raba sosai. Ana maimaita jiyya bayan makonni 2-3. Bayan dasawa seedlings a cikin ƙasa buɗe ko a rufe, da farko spraying ne da za'ayi bayan kwanaki 8-9.
An fesa tsire-tsire na cikin gida tare da mafita iri ɗaya bayan makonni 1-2 (ƙasa da sau da yawa). A lokacin furanni, ba a fesa tsire-tsire ba.
Yin sarrafa tsire-tsire da ƙasa tare da biofertilizerManyan miya
A lokacin girma, an gabatar da shirye-shiryen ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar tushen miya. Ruwan miya mai laushi tare da mafita na samfuran kayan halitta koyaushe ana yin sa ne akan ƙasa mai laushi. A cikin bushewa, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna mutuwa da sauri kuma ana tsammanin sakamakon jiyya ba zai yi aiki ba. Don tushen girki, yi amfani da maganin 10 lita na ruwa (+ 25 ° C) tare da 20 ml na samfurin halittu. Haɗin ruwan shine 1: 500. Aiwatar sau 1-2 a wata ga ƙasa 2-3 a kowace muraba'in. m square. Foliar saman miya ta hanyar spraying tsire-tsire na 'ya'yan itace ana yin su sau 2: a gaban fure kuma a lokacin' ya'yan itace overgrowth. Yawan gudanawar mafita mai aiki ya dogara da girman kambi kuma shine lita 5-10 a kowane daji da lita 10-20 a kowace itaciya. 'Ya'yan kayan lambu ana fesawa tare da mafita na taro ɗaya kawai a lokacin cutar, babu fiye da sau 2-3 tare da hutun mako. Don dalilai na rigakafi kuma don kula da tsire-tsire masu lafiya a duk lokacin girma, ana fesa kayan lambu na lambu da ƙarancin bayani mai mahimmanci 1: 1000 (samfurin 10 na kayan halitta a kowace lita 10 na ruwa). Ana aiwatar da aiwatarwa bayan makonni 2-3 kuma an gama kwanaki 10-15 kafin a girbi.
Hadin gwiwa
Samfurin kayan halitta "Girom Ekomik" yana da wani muhimmin abu. Ana iya amfani da wannan samfurin ƙirar halitta don aiki da sauri na sharar gida a cikin jerin kwayoyin halitta. A lokacin da kaka-spring pruning bishiyoyi, shrubs, innabi bushes, girbi na kaka ganye, tsaftacewa na mãkirci na lambu daga fi, tsirar da sharar gida ana tattara a wurare daban-daban. Tumbin da aka kafa bai buƙatar canja shi daga wuri zuwa wuri. Ya isa ya kwance su ta amfani da rassa, itacen zaitun, poan sanduna kamar kayan magudanar ruwa. Kowane Layer 20-30 cm na kwayoyin kwance-kwance, an yayyafa shi da ƙasa, dole ne a zubar da shi tare da maganin maganin. A gida, zaka iya amfani da bututun ruwa tare da bututun ƙarfe. An shirya mafita mai aiki a maida hankali kan 1: 100, wato, 100 ml na ainihin shiri an ƙara shi zuwa lita 10 na ruwan dumi. Kasancewar iskar oxygen a cikin wani sako mai tsiro yana haɓaka bazuwar (fermentation) na kwayoyin halitta sau da yawa. Takin zamani yana shirye don amfani a cikin watanni 1.5-3 kuma yana hidimar abinci mai kyau don “ma’aikatan ƙasa” lokacin da ake amfani da shirin ƙasa na kaka ko lokacin bazara. Biocompost shine tushen samar da microflora mai amfani don rayar da ƙasa, ko kuma ayyukan ƙasa.
