Yawancin compan asalinmu suna noma farin kabeji a ƙasarsu ko filayen gida, wasu suna noma kabeji da kabeji ja. Amma sauran nau'ikan kabeji babban shago ne na abubuwa masu amfani. Haka kuma, suna da babban palatability. Shahararrun nau'ikan kabeji tare da hotuna da kwatanci suna da ban sha'awa ga mazauna rani da yawa, tunda wannan samfurin abincin abinci mai mahimmanci shine ɓangaren abincinmu.
Daban-daban na Kabeji
Kalmar "kabeji" botanists sun fahimci asalin halittar dangin tsirrai na dangin Kabeji, wanda kuma ake kira Cruciferous. Ya ƙunshi albarkatu irin su mustard, rutabaga, turnips, kuma, a zahiri, nau'ikan kabeji iri-iri. A yau, akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri 50. Yawancinsu suna girma a cikin kwari na Bahar Rum, a Tsakiyar Turai da Asiya. A cikin Amurka, kawai irin nau'in kabeji da aka kawo daga Turai da Asiya ana horar dasu.
Wannan nau'in halittar ya hada da ganye daya-biyu, da biyu-daren-tsire-tsire. Lobed ko pinnately daban ganye halayensu ne. Mutane sun koyi yadda ake shuka kabeji dubunnan shekaru da suka gabata. Wannan kayan lambu yana da wadatar fiber, carotene, glucose, bitamin, abubuwan da aka gano. Kabeji za a iya ci raw, Boiled, pickled, soyayyen. Ana kiyaye wasu nau'ikan kabeji da kyau har sai sabon amfanin gona.
Kusan duk kabeji sun fi son ƙasa mai kyau, haske mai kyau da laima. Su za a iya girma ta hanyar seedlings ko sown a bude ƙasa.
Mafi mashahuri nau'in kabeji da za a iya girma a cikin ƙasa:
- fari-kai;
- ja-kai;
- Brussels
- launi;
- broccoli
- kohlrabi;
- Savoy
- Peking
- Sinanci
- Kale kabeji.
Ya danganta da gabobin tsire-tsire da aka cinye cikin abinci, ana bambanta nau'ikan kabeji:
- ganye (Beijing, Sinawa, Kale), wanda ganye yakan je neman abinci;
- kai (fari, ja, Savoy), wanda shine babban koda na farji;
- masu launin launuka da tsintsiya, waɗanda shugabanninsu masu launin furanni ne masu launin furanni masu launin furanni;
- Brussels, wanda ake amfani da shi don kabeji na abinci, yana girma a cikin axils na ganye;
- kohlrabi, a cikin abin da busassun kara ne edible.
Mafi kyawun irin kabeji suna ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa, a ƙarƙashin dokokin fasahar aikin gona na wannan amfanin gona. An gabatar da nau'ikan kabeji iri iri tare da hotunan da suka yi girma a cikin ƙasar an gabatar dasu a ƙasa.
Farin kabeji (lambun) kabeji
Mafi shahararren kabeji a cikin latitude ɗinmu shine kabeji na lambu, wanda galibi ana kiransa farin kabeji. An yi noma ta a ƙasarmu na ɗaruruwan shekaru. Yana da arziki a cikin bitamin (C, B), ma'adanai (alli, sulfur, potassium, phosphorus, baƙin ƙarfe, magnesium, zinc), furotin. Ana iya amfani dashi a kowane nau'i. Ko da mazaunin rani novice na iya yin farin kabeji. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana girma dashi ta hanyar shuka.
Mafi mashahuri nau'in kabeji na farko: Canja wurin F1, Cossack, Samur F1, Yuni, Stakhanovka 1513, Express F1, Arctic F1, hectare na Golden, Ditmar da wuri. Mafi yawan nau'ikan kabeji da suka fi dacewa: Moscow ƙarshen 9, Amager, naman kaza na hunturu 13, Moscow ƙarshen 15, Morozka, Arctic F1, Guarantor F1.
Brussels tsiro
Wannan nau'in kabeji ana yaba shi saboda ƙananan kabeji na ƙananan ƙananan, tare da diamita na 4-5 cm, yana da kyakkyawan dandano. Ya dace da dafa miya, dafa, adanawa. Wannan samfurin abincin yana da alaƙa da kasancewar yawancin abubuwa masu amfani ga ɗan adam. Shugabannin kabeji na wannan kabeji suna da dandano mai ƙoshin lafiya.
Lokacin da aka shuka shi a watan Afrilu, Brussels na tsiro a cikin Oktoba.
Ja kabeji
Wannan nau'in kabeji ana amfani dashi sosai don dafa sabo da salati da girki, saboda tare da tsawan lokacin jinya yana canza launi mai kyau. Ganyenta sun sha wuya fiye da ganyen farin kabeji. Suna da launi mai launin ja-violet. Amfaninta shine mafi yawan furotin, bitamin C, ma'adanai, pantheic acid, cyanine, aidin.
An bambanta farkon, tsakiyar da marigayi nau'in kabeji ja. Tuni a watan Yuni, zaku iya yanka manyan ganye a cikin salatin ba tare da jiran shugaban tumatir ba.
Farin kabeji
Ga wannan kabeji iri-iri, mazauna bazara da yawa suna son nuna wariya, saboda galibi ana amfani da shi wajen tuƙa abinci, saladi, soya a cikin maɓoɓɓu da gyada. Koyaya, yawancin nau'ikansa ba'a yi niyya don ajiya na dogon lokaci ba. Farin kabeji yana da ƙarin bitamin da furotin fiye da farin kabeji, wanda ya fi ƙoshin abinci mai gina jiki. Akwai nau'ikan fararen fata, ja, rawaya da shunayya. Shugaban farin kabeji yana da dandano mai kyau da tsarin fleshy.
Don kiyaye shugabannin kabeji dusar ƙanƙara-fari, an rufe su da ganye daga rana.
Broccoli
Wannan nau'in kabeji mai nisa yana kama da farin kabeji, amma yana da duhu kore inflorescences. Kwanan nan, iri tare da launi masu launin shuɗi sun bayyana. Tasteanɗana da broccoli inflorescences yayi kama da farin kabeji, amma yafi dacewa da daɗin ci. Wannan kayan lambu mai karancin kalori shine kayan abinci. Baya ga bitamin, furotin, ma'adanai, ya ƙunshi folic acid, methionine da antioxidants. An dafa shi, an dafa shi.
Irin wannan kabeji mara misalai ne. Broccoli yana tsayayya da sanyi zuwa ƙasa -7 ° С. Wannan kabeji ba ya buƙatar kawunan shading. Kullum yana girma akan kusan kowane ƙasa Broccoli yayin girman kai yana buƙatar yawan ruwa. Dole ne a yanke inflorescences a cikin wani yanayi mai dacewa don kada su yi fure.
Kohlrabi
Abin takaici, wannan nau'in kabeji ba shi da wata ma'ana ta mazaunin bazara. Wannan kayan lambu ba ya ci ganye ko inflorescences, amma wani lokacin farin ciki kara (stembled). Ana cinye shi da ɗanɗano, stewed, dafa shi, soyayyen, cakuda shi da gasa. Tana dandanawa kamar turnip tare da kyakkyawan jita-jita. Kohlrabi ya shahara saboda ingantaccen tsarin sunadarai. Yana da karin bitamin C fiye da 'ya'yan itacen citrus. Ana bada shawarar wannan kayan lambu ga masu ciwon sukari.
Wannan kabeji sanannen ne domin unpretentiousness. Ana iya shuka shi kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Haka kuma, tana farfadowa bayan watanni 2-2.5. Dole ne a tsabtace Kohlrabi a cikin lokaci domin babu wadatattun ƙwayoyin ciyawar tsire a cikin matattakala. Wannan kayan lambu a yanayi mai kyau za'a iya adana shi na dogon lokaci.
Kabeji Savoy
Ana bambanta irin wannan kabeji da ganyen ganye. Ya ƙunshi abubuwan gina jiki fiye da farin kabeji. Ganyenta suna da kyau da kyau. Suna da kyau don cin abinci. Ana amfani dasu don yin salads da kabeji cike da takaddara.
Kankarar Savoy kabeji yayi daidai da farin kabeji. Yana da tsayayya da zafi, rashin danshi da lalacewa na kwaro.
Kabeji na Beijing
Pekin kabeji yana a lokaci guda yayi kama da ganye na ganye da kabeji. Maganin kabeji da elongated na ganyen magarya an bambanta shi da ganyayyaki masu ratsa da m. Yana girma da sauri sosai (watanni 2-2.5). Yi amfani da shi don yin salads da kim-chi.
Sown tsaba kabeji kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude, saboda ba ya yi haƙuri dasawa. Shuka shi a watan Afrilu-Mayu. Ya kamata a kiyaye wannan kabeji da hankali daga kwari kamar slugs, saboda suna iya lalata dukkan tsire-tsire na kabeji na Beijing.
Kabeji na kasar Sin
Kayayyakin kabeji na kasar Sin an fara noma su a cikin 'yan kwanan nan. Wannan Kale ba shi da kabeji. A cikin kayanta, yana da matukar kusan farin farin kabeji.
Kabeji Kale
Irin wannan kabeji mai farawa ne a cikin gidajenmu na rani. An noma shi, duka biyu a matsayin kayan lambu mai cin abinci, da kuma matsayin ornamental shuka. Wannan kabeji ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani da yawa kuma yana da bayyanar ado sosai. Tana da kyawawan ganye "sassaka".
Siffofin fasahar aikin gona
Kabeji a wuri guda ba za a iya girma sama da shekaru biyu ba. Bayan shi, an dasa filayen tare da cucumbers, beets, dankali. Tsarin dukkan kabeji ya girma a 2-3 ° C. Yara tsirrai suna jure yanayin sanyi har zuwa 5-7 ° C. Kabeji yayi girma mafi girma a 13-18 ° C. A yanayin zafi, waɗannan tsire-tsire na iya buɗewa da sauri don samar da dogayen ciyawa. Duk kayan lambu na wannan nau'in soyayyen ƙasa mai kyau.
Tsawon kakar girma na nau'ikan kabeji daban daban:
- kabeji - kwanaki 100-170 (dangane da aji);
- launi da broccoli - kwanaki 80-180 (dangane da aji);
- Brussels - kwanaki 150-160;
- Kohlrabi - kwanaki 70-80.
Farin kabeji da tsintsiya ba su da ƙyalli a ƙasa kamar sauran nau'ikan kayan lambu. Su za a iya girma a kan yumbu da ƙasa mai yashi. An zaɓi nau'ikan kabeji dangane da yanayin. A cikin latitude na arewa, galibi da farkon nau'in sune galibi ana yin ciyawa, kuma a kudanci - marigayi.
Wadannan kwari masu zuwa na iya lalata ganimar kabeji:
- Balagaggun
- Aphids;
- Matsawa.
Don sarrafa kwari, ana amfani da kwari na musamman. Daga cikin magunguna na gargajiya, ciyawar tsire-tsire tare da bayani na ash ko kuma ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa albasa musamman sananne. Yawancin nau'ikan kabeji suna ba ka damar shuka girbin girke-girke na kayan lambu masu daɗi da ƙoshin lafiya a ƙasar.
