Yanzu da Botany ya tara bayanai masu yawa game da tsire-tsire iri-iri, mun yi imani cewa zai zama sauƙi ga masu karatu su sami masaniya game da mulkinsu.
Kowa ya san tun daga makaranta cewa ilimin da ke karatun tsirrai Nerd. Don saurin nazari, dukkanin tsirrai sun kasu kashi biyu, i.e. rarraba. Rarrabawa la'akari da juyin halittar tsirrai kamar bishiyar danginsu. Tsire-tsire suna ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin mazaunan duniyarmu. Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa tsire-tsire na farko sun kasance algae. A lokacin juyin halitta, tsirrai suka tashi zuwa kasa suka yada a duk duniya, suka dace da yanayin canjin wurin da suke girma, samun sabbin alamomin da suka wajaba don rayuwa da inganta wadannan canje-canjen masu amfani daga tsara zuwa tsara. A lokaci guda, bayyanar tsirrai ma sun canza. Daga nan tashi irin wannan arziki iri-iri. Don haka, nau'in nau'in tsire-tsire masu alaƙa, da kasancewa cikin yanayi daban-daban, na iya canzawa kuma ya bambanta sosai da juna. Dangane da haka, tsirrai sun fito daga magabata daban-daban, sun fada cikin muhalli guda, suna iya samun kamanni dayawa.
Don samun haɗi tsakanin magabatan tsire-tsire da zuriyar tsirrai, ana rarrabasu su kuma tsara su. Ta hanyar bincika tsire-tsire na zamani da kwatanta bayanan nazarin halittu da nazarin ƙwayoyin halitta, mutum zai iya yin hukunci game da asalin wani nau'in tsire-tsire kuma ya ƙaddara magabata. Shuke-tsiren da ke da magabata na yau da kullun suna haɗuwa cikin rukuni ɗaya, da bambanci da wani nau'in shuka. Idan da tsire-tsire na kakanni suna da alaƙa da juna, to ƙungiyoyin zuriyarsu sun kasance mafi yawan rukuni. Saboda haka, “rassa” da “rassa” na gidan dangin tsirrai an kafa su.
Hoton nuna bambancin shuka © RkitkoZa'a iya tsara janar na tsire-tsire kamar haka: waɗannan rayayyun halittu ne waɗanda zasu iya aiwatar da kuzarin rana zuwa kayan gini don jikinsu. Wannan tsari ana kiransa photosynthesis. A cikin aiwatar da photosynthesis, abubuwan da ba su da kyau (carbon dioxide da ruwa) a ƙarƙashin rinjayar hasken rana sun canza zuwa kwayoyin - sukari da sitaci - kayan gini na sel. Hakanan, ta hanyar photosynthesis, tsire-tsire suna samar da iskar oxygen da ke buƙatar numfashi.
Yawancin tsire-tsire suna da tushe, tushe, da ganye. Kara daga ganyayyaki ana kiransa tserewa. Ana ɗaukar tushe na bishiyoyi. Tushen kuma yana barin ciyayi. Ganyayyaki suna shiga cikin ayyukan photosynthesis, kuma tushen yana ba da danshi da ma'adanai. Tushen kuma yana riƙe da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa. Kasancewar duniyar dabbobi, gami da mutane, ba zai yuwu ba tare da tsirrai, wanda ke tantance matsayinsu na musamman a rayuwar duniyarmu. Daga dukkan kwayoyin halitta, tsirrai da kwayoyin cuta masu daukar hoto suna iya tara kuzarin Rana, suna haifar da kwayoyin halitta daga abubuwan da basu dace ba. Haka kuma, kamar yadda muka fada a baya, tsirrai suna fitar da CO2 daga yanayin da kuma fitar da O2.
Leaf ilimin halittar fata © Viktor KravtchenkoDon haka, photosynthesis da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suke ɗauka shine asalin asalin da kasancewar duk rayuwa a duniyarmu. Masanin ilimin kimiyya K.A. Timiryazev ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa wajen karatun daukar hoto. Kullum ya nanata muhimmancin aikin kwalliya na ƙananan ganyen ciyayi.
Masanin kimiyya musamman ya bayyana mahimmancin hasken rana da shuka yayi amfani da shi don aiwatar da abubuwan da ke faruwa a jikin mutum: “Da zarar, wani wuri akan aasa hasken rana ya faɗi, amma bai faɗi a kan ƙasa mara nauyi ba, ya faɗo bisa ruwan kore na alkama, ko kuma mafi kyau, akan hatsin chlorophyll. Bude shi, ya mutu ya mutu, ya daina zama haske, amma bai ɓace ba. Ya ciyar kawai kan aikin ciki ... A cikin tsari ɗaya ko wata, ya zama ɓangaren burodin, wanda ke ba mu abinci. An canza shi zuwa cikin tsokoki, jijiyoyin mu, yanzu kwayoyin zarra a jikin kwayoyin halitta suna iya komawa tare da iskar oxygen, wanda jini yake ɗauka zuwa duk ƙarshen jikin mu. A wannan yanayin, hasken rana yana lullube da su a cikin hanyar damuwar sunadarai, kuma ya sake daukar hanyar karfi. Wannan hasken rana yana mana dadi. Yana sanya mu a motsi. Zai yiwu a wannan lokacin yana wasa a cikin kwakwalwarmu”(Timiryazev K. A. Shuka shuka).
Tsaunin Mountain, Goms, Switzerland © josef.stueferAikin plantsan tsire-tsire ne wanda ya kirkiro yanayin da ya ƙunshi O2, kuma ta rayuwarsu ana kiyaye shi a cikin yanayin da ya dace don numfashi. Tsire-tsire sune babba, ƙayyade hanyar haɗi a cikin hadaddun sarkar abinci na halittar heterotrophic, gami da mutane. (Kwayoyin Halittar kwayoyin cuta sune kwayoyin da suke amfani da abubuwan gina jiki na kwayoyin halitta don abincinsu). Tsirrai na ƙasa suna samar da tutoci, makiyaya, gandun daji da sauran gungun tsire-tsire, suna samar da yanayi mai faɗi iri-iri na duniya da kuma abubuwan rayuwa masu ɗorewa na rayuwar duk masarautu. A ƙarshe, tare da halartar tsire-tsire kai tsaye, ƙasa ta tashi da siffofin.
Wikipedia ta sanar da mu cewa tun farkon shekarar 2010, a cewar kungiyar ungiyar kasa da kasa don kiyayewa da Yanayi, kusan Nau'ikan tsirrai dubu 320, wanda game da nau'ikan fure dubu 280 na fure, nau'ikan 1 na gurneti, kusan dubu 16 na bryophytes, kusan nau'ikan 12,000 na manyan tsirrai na tsiro (Plaua-dimbin yawa, Fern-like, Horsetail). Koyaya, wannan lambar tana ƙaruwa yayin da ake samun sabon nau'in halittu koyaushe. Man mutum ya mallaki fiye da nau'ikan tsire-tsire 200 wanda mallakar sama da 100 na tsiro. Yankunan da suke da yawa suna nuna bambancin wuraren da aka mallaki su. An yi imanin cewa manyan tsire-tsire masu abincin da ake nomawa a yanzu sun kasance a cikin kudu maso yamma Asiya.
Ra'ayin Banyan, Fort Farwala, Pakistan © Khalid MahmoodYa kamata kuma a iya tunawa cewa tushen tushen kuzari na yau - ƙarfe da mai - ya fito ne daga tsirrai da suka mamaye ƙasar a zamanin da. Energyarfin haskoki na rana, da zarar waɗannan tsire-tsire suka kama su, mutum ya sake shi kuma yana amfani da shi ta hanyar ƙonewa. Peat, wanda ake amfani da shi don mai da takin mai magani, ya fito ne daga tsire-tsire da aka girma cikin fadama. Duk da haka, photosynthesis - wannan tsari na duniya da na musamman a cikin yanayi, wanda aka gano ƙarni biyu da suka gabata - gabaɗaya, ya kasance abin asiri. Yi tunanin cewa mun koyi yadda ake aiwatar da photosynthesis a cikin yanayin wucin gadi. Sa’annan zamu samar da duniyarmu gaba daya ta abinci, makamashi, magance sau daya kuma ga dukkanin matsalar kare muhalli daga gurbatawa, tunda inganci (yadda zaku so) na amfani da makamashin hasken rana a cikin tsarin mu na kayan adon zai zama ya fi na tsirrai. Amma wannan har yanzu mafarki ne.
A ƙarshe, mun lura da mahimmancin kare duniyar shuka. Ya ƙunshi adanawa ko ɗaukar wasu nau'ikan da nau'ikan tsire-tsire, da kuma adana duk tsarin fure-fure na duniyarmu, musamman yau, lokacin da humanan adam ke tasiri a duniyar tsirrai ya yi yawa. Gurɓar muhalli ta masana'antu, haɓaka sabbin ƙasashe; kwace filaye da sauran wurare na mutane da ba a yarda su ba, suna haifar da raguwa a kan iyakokin rarraba wasu tsire-tsire, wani lokacin kuma lalata lalata nau'in halitta ko fadada iyakokin wasu. Kodayake yana da daraja ambaton nan da nan cewa ta hanyar samar da sabbin nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu tsiro (ingantaccen aiki, sanyi mai jurewa, fari-mai haƙuri), gabatar da sabon kayan ado, magani da sauran tsirrai masu mahimmanci na tattalin arziki a cikin al'adun, mutum yana wadatar da fure na wani ko wata ƙasa. Amma tare da tsire-tsire masu ciyawa, yana shigo da ciyawa. Wasu daga cikinsu sun bazu cikin sauri kuma sun sami ƙasa ta biyu a cikin sababbin yankuna. Don karewa da kare yanayi, kuna buƙatar ƙaunarsa, saboda kyakkyawa ce sosai.
“Wani mutumin daji bazai iya furta komai ba face kisan kiyashi idan bai lura da kyawawan halaye a yanayin ba"- inji Leonardo da Vinci. Kuma Fedor Dostoevsky ya ce da kyau game da kyakkyawa:Wani mutum yana ƙishirwa, ya sami kuma ya yarda da kyakkyawa ba tare da wani yanayi ba, sabili da haka kawai saboda kyakkyawa ne, kuma yana bautar da shi, ba tambaya me amfanin da kuma abin da zaku iya siya don sa ba". Kuma tunda kowane ɗayanmu yana da ɗan gajeren lokacin da zai rayu a wannan duniyar da ke cike da kyawawan halayen halitta, za mu so mu kare ta ta kowace hanya.
