Dangane da nau'ikan nau'ikan pllom ɗin da suke rayuwa cikin yanayi, yana da wuya mu iya zuwa ga yarjejeniya. A cikin wasu kafofin, ana nuna adadin yayi daidai da 30, a wasu ma har sama da 40. Wannan shi ne da farko saboda gaskiyar cewa yin aski a cikin ƙwayoyin plum ya ci gaba har zuwa yau.
A al'adance, plum ba kwata-kwata bane mai yin gasa zuwa inabi da apricots da mutane ke nomawa tun zamanin da, duk da haka, dangane da amfanin dan adam game da bambancin nau'ikansa da yaduwar shi a cikin yanayin halitta, yana kan gaba idan aka kwatanta shi iri ɗaya da sauran kayan amfanin gona.
Iri da nau'in plums
Gidan plum - wani nau'in al'adun gargajiya ne, wanda ya mallaki wasu nahiyoyi da yawa. Ba za a iya samun ciyawar daji na wannan plum a cikin yanayi ba, amma tare da halartar mutane, wannan mai yiwuwa ne. Da yake bayanin wannan nau'in, mutum ba zai kasa yin magana ba game da matsayin duniya na amfani da fruitsa ,ansa, waɗanda kuma sun dace da bushewa, wanda hakan ya sa ya bambanta da sauran.
Shahararrun nau'ikan filayen kayan gida sune nau'in kayan zaki. Volga plum kyakkyawa mace da farkon farfadowa da kuma manyan 'ya'yan itace-ja mai launi (34-50 gram), an rufe ta da murɗaɗɗen kakin zuma mai laushi, mai daɗin ɗanɗano. A cikin sharuddan hardiness hunturu, iri-iri a matsayi sama da matsakaici, amma a jure fari - a sama (yanayin bushe baya tsoron bishiyoyi). Yana nuna matsakaici mai saurin rikicewa zuwa kwari (yawancin lokuta na gumming da launin toka mai 'ya'yan itace da aka yi rikodin). Takaitaccen lokacin haihuwa yana da yawa, yana da kyau yalwatacce shi ta hanyar nau'in plum Zhiguli da farkon ja.
Plum na kasar Sin - wani baƙon abu ne mai wakiltar sabon jinsi daga arewa da kudu maso gabashin China. Tana hawa saman saman duniya da nisan mita 12! Tana da kambi mai siffar maraba, launin toka-launin ruwan kasa na Trunks da 'ya'yan itaciya mai sihiri 2,5 cm a diamita, ja, rawaya ko kore a launi, ba tare da murɗa kakin zuma mai sheki. A ɓangaren litattafan almara na m plums ne muhimmi a guna ƙanshi. Zai fara haifar da 'ya'yan itace daga shekaru 7; ripa ripan itace na faruwa a watan Agusta-Satumba. Yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin hunturu, yuwuwar yawan ƙwayar itace 67%.
Pissardi plum (ja-gyaffen ceri plum)
Ya hau kan tudun tuddai a yammacin Asiya. A cikin sharuddan kayan ado, wannan nau'in ya fi tasiri a cikin duka, ya bambanta ta hanyar inuwa mai launin ja kuma, wanda ke jan hankalin musamman, ta manyan furanni masu ruwan hoda waɗanda ke bayyana kafin ganye su yi fure kuma a ƙarshen furanni sun samo launin shuɗi mai duhu. Tsawon itaciyar itace mita 6. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, da yawa, launi daga cikin' ya'yan itacen duhu duhu ceri ja.
Yawancin plum yawanci ana rarrabe su ne bisa halaye 2 masu mahimmanci - juriya sanyi da jure fari. Don nau'in sanyi mai jure sanyi sun haɗa da, misali:
- farkon maturing, cuta resistant, manyan-fruited iri-iri plum alyonushka (matsakaici mai ƙarfi);
- farkon ripening iri-iri plum Eurasia 21 tare da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari sosai, amma talauci na ɗaurewa (juriya mai ƙarfi);
- Har ila yau, da wuri, tare da 'ya'yan itace musamman masu dadi, iri-iri farkon plum (juriya mai tsananin sanyi).
Duk da yake juriya da sanyi yana nuna yawancin nau'in nau'in plum, haƙurin fari a cikin sahihancin abu ne. Tasteanɗanon ɗan itacen ba ya tabarbarewa fari a cikin nau'ikan da ke tafe:
- kasashen waje marigayi-ripening, manyan-fruited, kayan zaki iri-iri plum karaya (ko Stanley) tare da 'ya'yan itace zagaye-oval (haƙuri dangane da fari);
- ofaya daga cikin mafi girma-fruited ('ya'yan itace nauyi - 60-100 grams), marigayi-ripening masana'antu high-samar da gwaggwabar riba shugaban plum tare da, duk da haka, ba mafi yawan 'ya'yan itace dadi ba.
Ya zama koyaushe wajibi ne a yi la’akari da waɗannan halaye yayin zabar mai amfani da ciyawar a kan wani rukunin yanar gizo, kamar yadda plum ɗin da aka ambata a sama yana girma da sauri, plum Eurasia 21, kuma peach plum Michurin, yan asalin arewa ne kuma a yankuna na kudu ba wai kawai basa yin fahariya da yawan 'ya'yan itace ba, harma zasu iya rasa yanayin hunturuwar su.
Altana
Wani abu kuma shine nau'ikan kasashen waje na gargajiya, irin su plum Kayan Altana, wanda, ya bi ka'idodin kulawa, sau ɗaya kawai kowace shekara biyar na iya ba da amfanin gona, ko ma zama mafi karko plum rakumi azhanskaya tare da kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tunanin mutane da yawa suna nufin zagaye ko 'ya'yan itace da aka zana a shuɗi ko shunayya. Lokacin da tattaunawar ta fara bayyana rawaya plum, a cikin hoton wata ila ya bayyana ceri plum. Amma a zahirin gaskiya, akwai nau'ikan wasu nau'ikan launuka masu launin rawaya musamman (zaku iya tuna nau'in plum na musamman na kasar Sin da aka bayyana a sama - a tsakanin launuka na 'ya'yan wannan nau'in akwai rawaya), kuma sun sha bamban da dandano da girma.
Wani misali shi ne farin zuma plum, mai suna don saboda dandanorsa zuma ne, mai daɗi sosai, amma ba mai rufe baki ba. Af, asalin nau'ikan suna da asalin Ukrainian. An fasalta shi da unpretentiousness, 30-50 grams na zagaye, da sauƙi rawaya 'ya'yan itace tare da na bakin ciki mai tsananin haske.
Yana ɗayan farkon farkon tsiro na kowane nau'in plum (girbi na iya farawa a ƙarshen Yuli), duk da haka, yana daɗaɗa da kansa kuma yana buƙatar pollinator, rawar da za'a iya bugawa ta wani farkon matashin ƙasar Hungary da ƙaramin kore na Karbyshev. Itacen ya kai tsayin 5 mita, yana ba da girbi mai yawa, yana tsayayya da hunturu.
Yacht plum
Wani launin shuɗi tare da nuna bambanci ga launin zinare - yacht plum - protagonist na wannan labarin, kuma za a tattauna a kan namota a ƙasa. Wannan nau'in Hardy ya samo asali ne daga mai shayarwa H.V. Enikeev da S.N.Satarova. An sami sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar ƙetare nau'in plum Eurasia 21 da resin resin. Jerin fa'idodin nasa ita ce, ba tare da ƙari ba, abin ban sha'awa - la'akari da janar hard hunturu, furen fure na wannan plum kusan baya tsoron dawo da sanyaya, da itacen saurin yarda da fari, da ƙari cututtukan kwari da kwari basu shafa.
Itace mai karfi, mai girman gaske tayi girma har zuwa tsayi mita 5.5 tana shiga lokaci mai albarka na tsawon shekaru 3-4 na rayuwa, yana baiwa mai shi da karimci daga shekara zuwa shekara. A ƙarshen watan Agusta, daga ɗayan irin wannan plum, zaku iya tattara kilogiram 45-50 na zagaye-giɗaɗinsa, zinare mai haske, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zaki tare da sourness mai ƙarfafawa, masu nauyin 25-35 a kowace. Koyaya, iri-iri na da ɗan rashi ɗaya - domin samun girbi mai wadatuwa a cikin shekara, masu aikin pollinators kyawawa ne (ɓangaren kai-da-rai), waɗanda sune ƙwayoyin plz na ƙasar Hungary, Moscow farkon farfadowa da kuma ƙwaƙwalwar Timiryazev.
Plum zane
Tebur ne iri-iri da aka gina akan tushen Eurasia 21 plum da kyawunta plum kyakkyawa, wanda akayi nufi don dalilai na fasaha. An dace da shi sosai don namo a tsakiyar yankin na Federationungiyar Rasha a cikin ƙananan yankunan kewayen birni. Tsawon itacen yana sama da matsakaici, amfanin gona yake da shi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu zagaye-suna da burgundy-lilac ko launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙaƙƙarfan kakin zuma mai laushi da dandano mai dadi tare da taɓawar sourness.
Fruiting yana farawa yana da shekaru 3-4, 'ya'yan itaccan na faruwa a watan Agusta, kuma ƙari, yana da kwanciyar hankali duk shekara. Nazarin zai iya ba da nauyin kilo 20 na girbi daga bishiya, kuma manufar sa ta ƙayyade babban alamomi na rayuwar shiryayye a cikin firiji (har zuwa kwanaki 60) da kuma damar 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka girbe. A iri-iri ya kara hunturu hardwar biyu na itace da furanni buds, da kuma dangi haƙuri haƙuri. Amma na ƙarshen, yana da mahimmanci a lura da wata ma'ana mai ban sha'awa cewa a cikin yanayin yanayi 'ya'yan itãcensa suna ɗaukar ma zaƙi mafi girma.
Candy plum - matsananci-da wuri, da wuri. Ripening yana faruwa a ƙarshen Yuli! A lokaci guda, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari suna jin daɗin gaske kuma suna da kyau. Yawan nauyinsu shine gram 30-35, kuma bishiya daya zata iya bada kilo 25 na plums. Tare da ƙarancin kiyaye ingancin, ba lallai ne ku jimre da shi ba, tunda daɗewar abincin za a ci.
Ga kyakkyawan dandano na plums, ƙawarta ta ado ta dace sosai ta hanyar - itacen da kanta ya fi tsayi (tsayin mita 2.5) kuma ya yi daidai da kowane abin da aka shirya na lambun, da farko yana yin ado da tafarnuwa fararen furanni (a lokacin bazara a lokacin fure), sannan jan-burgundy 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ruwan shuɗi (a lokacin bazara). Duk wannan ya tafi da kayan haɗin furannin furanni masu duhu.
Sanyi juriya daga iri-iri yana da girma, kamar yadda, duk da haka, shine juriya ga cututtukan / daidaitattun kwari ga plums. Takawa da kansa yana haifar da sassauyar da wata gonar gama gari mai gama kai, kogin fari ko mai kama da masara, wanda, ta hanyar, za'a bayyana shi nan gaba.
Tumbin ruwan fure
A Arewacin Amurka, ana yaba samfurin da karfin da kuma manyan blueberry plumwanda muke kira cikin ƙaunamafarkin supermarket" An ba shi wannan lakabi don girman girman 'ya'yan itacen - 70-75 grams. Suna da launin shuɗi mai duhu mai duhu tare da ɗigo-ɗumi mai ɗumi, mai girma sosai kuma za'a iya ɗaukar kaya.
Ba shi da wuya a iya tunanin cewa ana iya shafar dandano a wannan yanayin - yadda yake, amma idan ka yi la’akari da ƙwaƙwalwar agronomic na iri-iri, sai ya juya cewa wannan plum yana ta da daɗewa (a ƙarshen Satumba a cikin Krasnodar) kuma ya sami kyakkyawan zaƙi a cikin kwanakin 7 na ƙarshe na balaga (sannan ya zama mai haske), don haka kawai an tattara shi ba a farfado ba, amma tare da gabatarwa.
Yawan amfanin ƙasa da yawa yana da yawa, amma a cikin yanayin Tarayyar Rasha zai kasance irin wannan ne kawai a cikin yankunan kudanci. Ba zai zama mafi girma ba a fakaice cewa mai ruwan hoda shi ne tubalin Stanley, shugaban ƙasa ya haye tare da plum.
Tumbi-dimbin yawa plum An buƙata sosai a cikin CIS a yau, akasari saboda ƙarfin aiki, wanda ke sauƙaƙe ɗaukar hoto da kulawa. Irin waɗannan plums ba su da rassa a kaikaice, kuma 'ya'yan itace na fashewa na faruwa, bi da bi, akan manyan su, a zahiri an rufe su da' ya'yan itace.
Itace ƙarama a cikin girmanta, amma tana bada 'ya'ya sosai, tana bawa mazaunin bazara tare da kilogram 20 na plum a kowace shekara (tare da kulawa da kyau, ba shakka) tsawon shekaru 7-10. Abubuwan da suka amfana da sauran nau'ikan da nau'ikan su ma sun haɗa da farkon balaguro, suna baka damar jin daɗin girbin bayan shekaru 2 kawai daga lokacin shuka. Firam mai kamanni da ke zaune ya yi kusan shekaru 17.
Plum dasa a cikin bazara
Don yin nasarar dasa plums, kuna buƙatar zaɓar farkon bazara don aiki yayin da itaciyar har yanzu suna cikin yanayin hutun hunturu. Wurin da yakamata ya haskaka sosai, kuma magudanan ruwa kada suyi kwance sama da mita 1.5 zuwa farfajiya.
Girman ramin saukowa yakai mita 1, zurfin shine mita 0.5, ya fi kyau a shirya shi 'yan watanni kafin saukowa. Plum seedlings tare da madaidaiciya Tushen an saita tsaye a tsakiyar ɓangaren rami, to, an yayyafa su da ƙasa turb gauraye da ma'adinai da takin gargajiya.
Kashe ƙasa ba shi da kyau, kamar yadda ake yin cikakken bacci na tushen wuya, wanda, a cikin mafi kyawun yanayi, ya ƙare centan santimita daga ƙasa. A karshen, yakamata kuyi mulmula da'irar kusa da peat ko humus kuma ku zuba plum sosai, ta amfani da buhunan ruwa guda biyu a seedling.
Rashin hankalin bishiyar bishiyar iska ga iska mai karfi da saukar ruwan sama a wannan matakin rayuwarta zata iya raguwa da taimakon tallafi (an bada shawarar sanya shi a gefen arewa).
Wani ɗan 'ya'yan itace mai ƙoshin lafiya da lafiya da tsire-tsire na bishi peach ne. Ana iya girma yayin dasawa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, idan kun bi ka'idodi na kulawa da suka dace. Kuna iya samun duk shawarwarin da suka wajaba don namowa da kulawa da wannan shuka a wannan labarin.
Watse plums
Dukkansu ruwa da bushewa daga ƙasa sune kamar matakan da ba a so. Abin da ya sa itace ke buƙatar danshi kawai idan ya cancanta, yayin da yake kula da yanayin dattako.
A matsakaici, tsaka-tsakin tsakanin hanyoyin ban ruwa sati 2-3 ne, kuma a lokacin bazara, ana wadatar da bishiyar tare da buhun ruwa 3-6 na ruwa.
Ilasa don plum
Bukatarta guda ɗaya kaɗai ga ƙasa, amma yana da matuƙar mahimmanci. Gaskiyar ita ce, matattarar ruwa tana son tsaka mai yashi da tsintsiya madaidaiciya ko ƙasa mara nauyi kuma baya son yumɓu masu nauyi. Halin farko shine yanke hukunci, sabili da haka, tare da haɓakar bishiyar, ana gwada ƙasa koyaushe don acidity.
A cikin batun gaba daya, ana amfani da acidity na ƙasa ta hanyar ƙara ruwan lemun tsami sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 4-6 (don haƙa, don ƙwaƙwalwar haske - 300-400 gram a 1 sq. M., Don mahadi mai nauyi - sau 2 more). Don tsarin ƙasa don acidification, ana yin wannan hanyar da zaran bukatar ta taso.
Plum dasawa
Kawai waɗannan plums waɗanda shekarunsu basu wuce shekaru 4-5 suna da inganci don dasawa ba. A cikin tsofaffi, Tushen tsarin yana haɓaka sosai don haƙa itace zai iya cutar dashi ba tare da wani lahani ba. Duk wani rauni ya shafi magudanar ruwa tayi mummunar barna, wanda dole ne a yi la’akari da shi lokacin da yake motsa shi zuwa wani sabon wuri, yana kulawa da tushen da kuma rassan. Na farko ya fi kyau a “saka” cikin jaka, na biyu kuma an ɗaure shi da igiyoyi.
Lokacin da kuka fara juyawa, ya kamata ku fara ɗaukar itacen ɗan ƙaramin abu (bulo 4 na ruwa zai isa) - don haka zai zama sauƙi a haƙa. Bayan haka, itacen an haƙa shi a cikin radius na 70 cm daga akwati zuwa yanki mai siffar mazugi tare da asalinsu.
Tare da tsananin taka tsantsan, an cire shi daga ƙasa kuma a canza shi zuwa wani wurin bisa ga ka'idar saukowa da aka bayyana kaɗan a baya. Dangane da shawarwarin dasa shuki plum, lokacin da ake buƙata don dasawa wani rauni ne na bazara.
Tufafin miya
Yana da Dole a takin kasar gona a wani tsari. A cikin shekarar farko, ba a buƙatar ciyar da abinci, a karo na biyu na biyu sau biyu mai dauke da nitrogen-(a cikin kwanakin farko da na ƙarshe na Yuni).
Amma a cikin shekara ta 3 da kara (farawa daga shekarun fruiting) - nitrogen (kwanakin ƙarshe na Afrilu), nitrophosk (Yuni), phosphorus-potash (Agusta kuma bayan girbi).
Yi datti
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan kulawa shine shayar da plum. Yana farawa a cikin bazara tare da samuwar kambi tare da tsinkayen karar of 27-40 cm 5. An bar kyawawan rassa zuwa kambi, waɗanda aka gajarta a farkon, don hana haɓakar haɓarsu da ba daidai ba.
Bin farko na lokaci na fruiting, an yanke mai jagoran sama sama da gefen gefen babba, don haka yana ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawar kambi mai haske.
Tsabtacewa da sikantar da ita tare da cire cikakkun rassan da suka lalace, harbe da mai tushe sun yi girma a cikin bangaren akwati da kuma tsoma baki da juna ana yin su kamar yadda ya cancanta.
Plum a cikin hunturu
A cikin farkon matakan haɓaka, kazalika a gaban masu tsananin sanyi, matattarar ruwa tana buƙatar tsari. Zasu iya zama murfin peat ko ganye mai ganye.
Wani dusar kankara da aka jefa a yankin da'irar zagaye ita ma zaɓi ce mai kyau, kuma za ta samar da danshi ga itacen tun farkon bazara.
Plum grafting
Ana iya yada yadudduka ta amfani da tsaba, harbe, kore ko tushe mai tushe da inoculation. Daga cikin dukkanin hanyoyin ciyayi, wanda, ta hanyar, sun fi dogaro fiye da irin zuriyar, mafi mashahuri awannan zamanin shine kore kore, wanda ya fice daga tsadar rayuwar matasa. Amma ba duk nau'in plum zai iya ɗaukar tushe a cikin wannan hanya ba (iri tare da tushen ci gaba suna da kyau a yanka), wanda, musamman, ya shafi yakhontov plum - ana yaduwa ko dai ta hanyar alurar riga kafi ko ta hanyar budding.
Kamar yadda rootstock, tushen shoot guda farkon ja ripening dasa kusa da pollination ya dace.Inoculation a cikin sharewa ana yin shi ta hanyar fitar da tushen gangar jikin, samar da share a cikin tsakiyar satin zuwa zurfin 3 cm, yankan kara daga tushe a bangarorin biyu zuwa ga sifar da ake sawa, ana sa shi cikin ciki na sharewa da kuma shimfidar yanki da kayan ado da kayan polyethylene.
Don yin budding akan butt (a cikin busassun yanayi, lokacin da wahalar tanƙwara haushi), ana yin santimita 7 (mai tsawo) akan ƙwayar rootstock, ana kama bakin itace na bakin ciki. Kara yana kafe sosai har zuwa kasan sa tare da yanke wani abu mai kama da kai tsaye nan da nan a koda yana dauke da leben da aka saka cikin hannun jari a gindin itace da itace.
Kuma, bayan an yi aikin alurar riga kafi, yakamata a ɗaura hancin ta amfani da polyethylene iri ɗaya kuma ya bar ƙyallen fitsari kyauta. Lokacin da makonni 3 suka wuce, dole ne a cire fim ɗin. Dole ne a yanke saman tushen farawar a farkon bazara wanda ya sa kimanin santimita 15 (a tsayinsa) ya tsinkaye sama da koda.
Yankakken yadudduka ta hanyar kore kore
Komawa ga batun kore kore, ya kamata a bayyana cewa hanya ya kamata a da za'ayi a watan Yuni, tare da harbe girma na rayayye. Tsawon abin rikewa yakamata ya zama cm 30-40, yana da kyau a yanke shi cikin yanayi mai gajimare daga ƙuruciya.
Bayan sanya hannun a cikin ruwa, ta amfani da ingantaccen kayan aiki, ana leveled daga ƙasa tare da cire lokaci ɗaya na kasan takardar zuwa rabin petiole. A wannan yanayin, an saita wurin babban yanka kai tsaye bayan takardar 3. Bayan haka, wani yanki na yanki na daren yana saukar da ƙananan iyakar zuwa cikin maganin heteroauxin zuwa zurfin 1.5 cm.
Dukkanin tsarin rooting yakamata ya faru a cikin karamin-greenhouse, tsarin abin da ya kamata a kula dashi gaba. Shiri na musanya don hatsi ya ƙunshi a cikin haɗa peat da yashi daidai gwargwado, yayyafa ruwan tare da yashi mai kauri zuwa kauri 1 cm, yin ruwa da haɗaɗɗen haske.
Wajibi ne a dasa tsiron, lura da kusurwar 45, zurfin daidai yake da tsawon daga ƙasan yankan zuwa ragowar daga ganyen 1 na petiole, nisan juna na 5-7 cm da rata na santimita 5-5. Bayan haka, an yi musu murfin kwance kuma a ƙaura zuwa wani wuri mai haske tare da kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Ana gudanar da ruwa ta amfani da rabawa, ana yin miya babba kwanaki 30 bayan dasa, ta amfani da maganin nitrogen taki (30 grams a kowace lita 10 na ruwa). Biyo bayan tushen, kana buƙatar cire murfin.
Arin kulawa ya rage zuwa tanadin tsiron har sai lokacin bazara, wanda ya ƙunshi narkar da su a cikin kwanakin Satumba na ƙarshe, rufe Tushen tare da daskararru gurnani, haɗa su da tsare da adanar su wani wuri a cikin sito. Da zuwan bazara, ana sake dasa su a cikin ƙasa. Girma kafin sauka a shafin yana tsawon shekaru 2.
Cutar da kwari
Kyakkyawan lafiya na plum, kuma musamman ma yachting plum, yana sauƙaƙe shi da yawa daga cututtukan bishiyoyi. Koyaya, rashin kulawa da hankali da wasu abubuwan da ake keɓancewa da keɓaɓɓu na har yanzu suna raunana tsarin kariya na wasu tasirin waje.
Misali cakuda gum - ofaya daga cikin cututtukan da suka zama ruwan dare tsakanin bishiyoyin plum, amma takamaiman yachon plum kusan ba ya fama da ita. Abubuwan da ke haifar da shi lahani ne a cikin kulawa, kamar lalacewar injin ɗin saboda rashin kulawa tare da kayan aiki, yawan wuce gona da iri a cikin abubuwa, da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi ɗabi'a kamar su fashe da haushi bayan canje-canjen zafin jiki.
Idan kun fara wannan cutar, plum zai iya mutuwa. Don kawar da cutar, dole ne a tsabtace kowane yanki mai ƙarfi da ke jikin bishiya tare da wuƙa har sai an buɗe katako wanda ba a taɓa ɓata shi ba kuma ya kamata a tsaftace wuraren rauni tare da sulfate na jan karfe (1%), to ya kamata a rufe su da nau'in lambun.
A gefe guda plum aphid yana haifar da babban haɗari ga tarkace biyu da yawun jirgin. Wadannan kwari, densely dotting da ganye, tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga itacen, wanda yake shi ne fraught bushewa da ganyayyaki.
Samun gano ɓoyayyun ƙwayoyin cuta, ya zama dole don ɗaukar matakan da suka haɗa da maganin kashe kwari (1 kwamfutar hannu na 1 a kowace lita na ruwa) da tsabtace kaka na tsohuwar tsohuwar haushi tare da kwari hunturu a ciki. A wannan yanayin, a matsayin prophylaxis, da bayyanar boles da kwarangwal rassan, kazalika da dace halakar da harbe (ba shakka, a iri da cewa rayayye samar da shi) ana bada shawarar.
Ganyayyaki dafaffen Turawa
Akwai girke-girke da yawa tare da plums. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kayan zaki, kayan gwari da abubuwan sha. Wannan 'ya'yan itacen ana sarrafa shi sosai ta hanyar wuta kuma yana tafiya da kyau tare da nama.
Kuna iya fara dafa abinci mai daɗi tare da dafaffen plums, wanda muke ɗauka:
- 6.5 kg magudana,
- 1 jaka na cloves
- 1 jakar kirfa
- 2,5 lita na ruwa
- 1 kilogiram na sukari
- rabin lita na sukari kashi tara.
Muna wanke 'ya'yan itãcen, mun cire maɓoɓinsu, bargo a cikin ruwa mai digiri 80 na minti 2-3 kuma cikin sanyi da sauri a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudana.
A kan kwalbar gwangwani, sanya cokali da kirfa kuma a daskararren yada 'ya'yan itacen a kansu, sannan a zuba mai da marinade mai zafi a ciki, a rufe da lids kuma a sanyaya a zazzabi na 90 ℃ (rabin gwangwani rabin-mintuna 12-15, lita - 17-20, 3-lita - 30-35).
Mun mirgine shi, jujjuya shi kuma mu bar shi ya yi sanyi a cikin iska. Wadannan plums suna da kyau kawai don nama. Jimlar adadin kayan abinci da marinade yakamata ya isa gwangwani lita 10.
Gumbo girke-girke daga plum jam
Yin plum jam da ake kira Gumbo abu ne mai sauki. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar:
- 2 kg magudana,
- finely yankakken bakin ciki kwasfa na lemu 2,
- finely yankakken bakin ciki kwasfa 1 lemun tsami,
- 1.5 kilogiram na sukari
- 250 grams na finely crushed seedless raisins,
- 125 grams na yankakken yankakken walstuts.
A cikin babban saucepan, yada duka peels, plums, sukari, raisins kuma matsi ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami da lemo a saman. A kan wuta mai natsuwa, kayan hade da ya kamata a tafasa na tsawon rabin sa'a, har sai komai ya yi kauri kuma abubuwan karau su yi laushi.
Na gaba, ƙara ƙwayayen, saro ruwan tafasa don wani minti 10 (wuta tayi jinkiri), kuma ƙarancin sa zai zama mafi ma'ana. Shirye jam za a iya zuba cikin kwalba mai dumi haifuwa da alkama.
Ruwan Gwanin Gida na gida
Ruwan ruwan hoda, kamar giyar innabi, ya sha bamban sosai dangane da launi, a wannan yanayin, 'ya'yan itacen. Don haka daga shudi masu launin shuɗi da shunayya zaka iya samun ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi, da fari da rawaya (kamar yachting plum) sun dace da haske, kusan fari.
A kowane hali, kuna buƙatar ajiye sama da cikakke ko ma dan kadan overripe 'ya'yan itace, ba shakka, dole ne su kasance sabo, ba a lalata ba kuma m. A wannan yanayin, zai fi kyau a bar su “yi kwance” a rana tsawon kwana 2. Ba lallai ba ne a wanke 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka yi a gida, saboda za su yi yawo sosai, amma ya kamata a wanke waɗancan kantin.
Don haka, don shirya giya mai ƙarfi na gida daga plums, muna ɗaukar 'ya'yan itacen, waɗanda aka peeled, don jimlar nauyin 6 kilogiram, yanke da dan kadan tamped, zuba lita 2-3 na vodka tare da saman, nace don makonni 3, to shiga cikin wani jirgin ruwa.
A ragowar ɓangaren litattafan almara kadan sama da yadda muke ƙara ruwan mai tsananin ƙarfi, bar shi sanyi, tace da matsi. Ruwan da yake haifar shine gauraye da sukari daidai gwargwado. Haɗa syrup tare da vodka tincture, rufe shi tare da kulle ruwa kuma bar ruwan inabin a cikin wannan halin har sai ya gama yawo.
