Gymnocalycium (Gymnocalycium) yana da alaƙar kai tsaye ga dangin murtsunguwa. Wannan gidan caca yana da siffar ƙwallo, kuma a cikin yanayi ana iya samun shi a Kudancin Amurka (Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia, South Brazil da Argentina). Sunan wannan shuka an samo shi ne daga kalmomin Latin guda biyu: “gymnos” - tsirara da “calycium” - ƙoƙo. Wannan shi ne saboda shambura na fure, a saman wanda babu gashin baki ko gashin gashi, kuma a lokaci guda an rufe shi da sikeli mai santsi. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire, dangane da nau'in, suna iya samun girma dabam. Don haka, Gymnocalycium ragonesii yana da diamita na 2,5 santimita kawai, kuma, alal misali, Gymnocalycium sag Hone - har zuwa santimita 30. Kara yana da sihiri mai sihiri ko sihiri. Furanni ana kafa su a cikin apical ɓangaren shuka. Suna da bututu masu fure na fure, saman da aka rufe shi da ganye mai launin furanni, alhali babu ƙaya ko inuwa. Dogon furanni ana lura dashi, yayin da shuka tayi fure bayan kai shekara 2 ko 3. Ganye yana fara yin fure a lokacin bazara, kuma ya ƙare a rabin rabin lokacin kaka. Furanninsa za'a iya fentin su da launuka daban-daban.
Cactus kula da hymnocalycium a gida
Haske
Yana son haske sosai. Kuna buƙatar walƙiya mai haske a lokacin rani da damuna. Idan an sanya murtsungon a kan gilashin windowsill, to zai buƙaci a daɗa shi daga haskoki na rana a ranar rani mai zafi.
Yanayin Zazzabi
A cikin bazara da bazara, ana buƙatar matsakaicin matsakaici. Tare da farko na lokacin hunturu, ana bada shawara ga runtse zafin jiki zuwa digiri 15-18. Gidan motsa jiki yana iya yin girma a al'ada a cikin zafin jiki na sama da digiri 5.
Haushi
Ji na al'ada a low zafi. Fesa da shuka ba lallai ba ne.
Yadda ake ruwa
Daga makonnin ƙarshe na bazara zuwa makonni na ƙarshe na bazara, watering ya kamata ya zama matsakaici. Don haka, kuna buƙatar shayar da matatar ƙasa kamar yadda saman ƙasan ƙasa yake bushewa. Don yin wannan, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da tsayawa, ruwa mai ɗumi. Tun ƙarshen lokacin bazara, sannu a hankali ana rage ruwa. Daga tsakiyar lokacin kaka ya zama dole ne a shayar da ruwa kaɗan da kaɗan.
Manyan miya
Suna ciyar da bazara da bazara 1 lokaci a cikin makonni 2 ko 3. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin gargajiya don cacti.
Cakuda ƙasa
Asar da ta dace kada ta ƙunshi lemun tsami da zama ɗan acidic, yayin da ya kamata a yi ruwa tare da ruwan acidified. Don shirya cakuda ƙasa, turf da ƙasa mai ganye, da peat, humus da yashi, wanda ya kamata a ɗauka daidai gwargwado, ya kamata a gauraye. An bada shawara don ƙara kwakwalwan bulo da gawayi.
Siffofin Juyawa
Samarin samfurori matasa suna dasawa a kowace shekara, kuma manya kawai idan suka cancanta. Juyawa yana gudana ne a cikin bazara. Auki tukunya a girman kawai ɗan girma fiye da tsohon.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Wannan shuka za'a iya yaduwa ta tsaba da yadudduka na gefe.
Akwai nau'ikan halitta wanda yadudduka daga gefe suka girma. Suna da sauƙin yadawa. Rarrabe irin wannan yadudduka, wanda ba shi da tushen kansa, abu ne mai sauqi qwarai. Dole ne a juya shi a hankali tare da hancin yatsu ko yatsunsu, kuma zai rabu da shuka mahaifiyar. Bar shi ya bushe a waje na awanni 24-48. Bayan haka, dole ne a sanya shi a farfajiya mai cike da takin ƙasa (dasa shuki cakuda ƙasa, yashi ko yashi gauraye da peat). Bayar da kulawa kamar murtsunguwa na yau da kullun. Rooting faruwa a cikin sauri. Idan rukunin yana da tushe kuma suna da alaƙa da mahaifiyar, to kuna buƙatar tsayar da shi a hankali. Growararrun masu siyar da furanni suna ba da shawarar irin wannan hanyar don aiwatarwa. Irin wannan layering ana shuka shi nan da nan a cikin tukunya daban, kamar shuka.
Yawancin waɗannan cacti za'a iya yaduwa ta zuriya. Abu ne mai sauki a yi haka, kuma irin wadannan tsirrai za su fi karfi, da kyau da lafiya, sabanin wadanda suka girma daga farawa. Haka kuma, mafi yawan tsire-tsire ana iya girma ne kawai daga tsaba. Don shuka, ana amfani da cakuda sameasa guda asaya don ta dasawa, amma a lokaci guda ya kamata ya zama mai finer-grained. An ba da shawarar yin gasa shi a cikin tanda ko tururi don keɓewa. Sown a cikin ƙananan tukwane, yayin da ba a binne tsaba a cikin ƙasa. Dole ne a jika duniya kodayaushe, kuma a wannan batun, an rufe akwati da fim. Kula da zazzabi na digiri 20. Kasar da ta bushe bushe ana shayar da mai sprayer ko ta hanyar sump. Shuka ana yi aƙalla a lokacin rani, aƙalla a cikin hunturu, babban abinda yake shine cewa ƙannann mutanen suna da kyau kuma suna da ɗumi. Matasa plantlets suna halin saurin girma, kuma bayan watanni 12 kawai za'a iya dasa su a cikin kwantena daban.
Alurar riga kafi
Cacti-chlorophyll-free cacti kawai ana shuka, amma ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar don inganta nau'in rarest, kamar yadda ya adana shuka mai lalacewa. Inoculate kamar haka: da scion da rootstock (dole girma da lafiya) dole ne a yanka a hankali ta amfani da sosai kaifi da disinfected kayan aiki, to, suna guga man tam a cikin wurin yanke, yayin kokarin kara da conductive daure, sa'an nan kuma gyarawa har sati daya tare da bandeji, wani na roba band ko dai ta kaya.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Ba mai saukin kamuwa da kwari.
Lokacin da ruwa ya zama turɓaya a cikin ƙasa, tsarin tushen yakan lalace, kuma wannan na iya haifar da mutuwar gidan cactus. Idan kun lura cewa hymnocalicium ya fara jujjuyawa, zai buƙaci a cire shi daga ƙasa kuma a goge shi sosai. Bayan wannan, ya kamata a datse tushen da ya lalace, sannan shuka ya ɗan bushe sosai sannan a ɗora saman ruɓaɓɓen ƙasa don rooting.
Batun bidiyo
Babban nau'ikan
Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire da yawa, wanda ya bambanta da siffar harbe, girma, da kuma nau'in ƙaya. Sau da yawa, yana yiwuwa a faɗi da tabbacin irin nau'in hymnocalycium na nasa ne kawai bayan ya girma kuma ya fara girma.
Gymnocalycium tsirara (Gymnocalycium denudatum)
Girma mai duhu mai duhu mai haske yana da nau'i mai laushi, kuma a diamita zai iya kaiwa daga 8 zuwa 10 santimita. Ya ƙunshi daga 5 zuwa 8 zagaye mara tushe mai kaifi waɗanda ba a rarrabasu ba zuwa cikin tubercles. Babu yankin kumburin tsakiya. Radial spines na guda 5 (a ƙasan lokacin da aka ƙera guda 8), a cikin tsayi sun ɗan ɗanɗana milimita 10. Rnsawanin suna cikin ruwa, an matse su harbi da zanen launin shuɗi. An tattara spines a cikin ɗayan bi-gizo kamar gizo-gizo. Furannin suna da girma sosai, galibi fari, amma ana iya fentin su da launin ruwan hoda mai haske.
Gymnocalycium humpbacked ko bututun ƙarfe (Gymnocalycium gibbosum)
Kara yana da maras kyau kore ko launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Yana da sifa mai sihiri, wanda tsawon shekaru ya canza zuwa silima, yayin da samfurin mutum ya kai girman santimita 50 da diamita na santimita 20. Akwai haƙarƙarin riba 15 waɗanda ke rarrabasu ta hanyar guguwa. A kansu akwai yankuna masu launin toka-toka. Akwai kashin tsakiya guda ɗaya kaɗai, ƙashin abin da yake mai ɗanɗano, kuma gininsa mai launin ja. A wannan yanayin, akwai kimanin yanki 10 na radial spines. Sun yi guntu fiye da kashin tsakiya kuma sun kai tsawon santimita 1-2. Furen furanni ana fentin a cikin inuwa cream. Wannan inji yana da nau'i mai ban sha'awa musamman - baƙar fata (nigrum). An bambanta ta da launin kore mai launin kore-kore, har ma ƙayayuwa akan fenti a baki.
Quel Gymnocalycium (Gymnocalycium quehlianum)
Ganyen shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi-sigin a cikin ƙararrakin samari yana da girman santimita 10. Akwai kimanin haƙarƙari 10 kuma yana iya ɗauka cewa sun haɗa da furen zagaye da suke da kusanci da juna. Babu tsintsiyar tsakiya, da radial - akwai guda 5. Suna fitowa daga gefuna tare da gefen, kuma suna da launi na hauren giwa, gindinsu yana da launin ja. Furanni masu matukar ban sha'awa sune sautin biyu. Fari ne fari kuma fatalwarsu ja ce. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan suttura masu launin launin shuɗi, fari da launin shuɗi.
Gymnocalycium kankanin (Gymnocalycium parvulum)
Ana zana siffar mai siffar mara mai tushe a cikin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Akwai haƙarƙari 13 wanda akwai manyan ɗakuna masu kyau da kuma manyan biyun. Akwai daga guda 5 zuwa 7 na radial spines wadanda suka dace da snugly a kan kara, wasu daga cikinsu suna mai kauri. Furanni furanni.
Ymaramin jini Gymnocalycium (Gymnocalycium leptanthum)
Faɗaɗɗen tudun da ke kwance a diamita na iya kaiwa santimita 7. Akwai manyan ƙananan bera 8 da suka kasu kashi biyu biyu biyu. Akwai kashin rake 7 dake gefen da tushe. A cikin fararen furanni, filayen suna da ƙananan tushe mai tushe. A farfajiya na bututun fure, kyawawan sikirin da ke zagaye suna bayyana bayyane.
Gymnocalycium Mikhanovich (Gymnocalycium mihanovichii)
Ganye mai launin kore mai launin shuɗi-kore yana iya kaiwa tsayin 5 cm. Akwai haƙarƙari 8 zuwa 10 waɗanda ke da madafan iko, kuma a ɓangaren su triangular. Areoles suna kan gefunan. Hannun yatsun kafaffun yatsun da suke yadawa sun haɗu a saman cinyoyin haƙarƙarinsu kuma a lokaci guda suna ficewa daga kowane yanki. Yana iya yin kama da cewa shuka tana da haƙarƙari biyu kuma a tsaye. Akwai spim na centimita 5. Suna mai kaɗawa (ƙarshensu ana karkata zuwa ga tushe) da fentin launin toka. Furanni suna da launin ruwan hoda mai haske-mai haske. Akwai nau'ikan furanni waɗanda aka fentin furanni a ruwan hoda, fari ko rawaya.
An samo abubuwa masu ban mamaki masu ban mamaki a cikin tsirran wannan nau'in a farkon rabin karni na 20. Sakamakon zaɓi, cacti mai launin shuɗi ya bayyana. A yau, irin waɗannan tsire-tsire sun zama abin da ake kira Mikhanovich Gimnokalitsium, nau'in Friedrich (friedrichiae). A cikin irin waɗannan tsire-tsire, chlorophyll ba ya nan, kuma zasu iya girma da haɓaka kullun ba tare da cikakken musayar gas ba (carbon dioxide - oxygen). Suna iya girma ne kawai zuwa girma zuwa wani murtsunguwa, wanda ya kamata yayi girma a hankali kuma ya kasance na bakin ciki. Dankin da aka dasa zai iya karba daga gare shi dukkan abubuwanda zasu zama dole. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an samar da wasu nau'ikan cacrophyll-free cacti, waɗanda masu launuka masu ruwan hoda, rawaya ko lemo.
Glonocalycium Sallo (Gymnocalycium saglione)
Kyakkyawan ƙwayar kore mai launin toka-launin toka mai siffar maras nauyi yana da daskararren yanayi, kuma a diamita zai iya kaiwa santimita 30. Karatun na baya yana nan. Tare da haɓaka, hauhawar yawan adadin haƙarƙari daga guda 13 zuwa 32 yana faruwa. An rarrabasu cikin manyan bangarori da oan katako da tsagi. Akwai guda 1 ko 2 na tsakiyar launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan hoda mai launin ja. Akwai fannoni sama da 10 na madaidaicin radial mai tsinkaye, kuma a tsawon su zasu iya kaiwa santimita 4. Furanni ana fentin ruwan hoda ko fari.
