Girbi mai zuwa kai tsaye ya dogara da abin da ƙasa zata shuka. Abubuwan da aka shirya na ƙasar kafin dasa shuki za'a tattauna su sosai dalla-dalla a ƙasa.
Mutane da yawa mazauna rani fara rayayye shirya don dasa dasa a cikin bazara, a lõkacin da suka shirya ƙasar for seedlings domin na gaba kakar. Tsarin ƙasa mai zaman kanta yana da mahimman abubuwa masu mahimmanci waɗanda dole ne a lasafta su a cikin tsarin ƙirƙirar ƙasa mai ƙoshin ƙasa. Lokacin da aka yi watsi da aƙalla mahimman abubuwan guda ɗaya, haɗarin cutar shuka ko rashin wadataccen amfanin gona yana ƙaruwa sosai. Karanta labarin game da shuka barkono na shuka!
Janar bukatun ƙasa na shuka
Da farko, muna yin la’akari da manyan halaye waɗanda ƙasa don shuka dole ne su hadu. Jerin babban bukatun ƙasa gaba daya ya hada da:
- ma'auni - duk abubuwan haɗin ƙasa dole ne su kasance cikin wasu ƙayyadaddun abubuwa;
- rashin kwayoyi - lokacin da ake samun ƙwayoyin cuta ko tsaba a cikin ƙasa, babu buƙatar magana game da yawan aiki;
- haihuwa - mafi kyawun ƙasa don tsire-tsire koyaushe yana ƙunshe da adadin abubuwan buƙata na gina jiki;
- friability da danshi - danshi mai ba da rai tare da isasshen iskar oxygen dole ne ya kwarara zuwa tsarin tushen;
- tsabta - kasancewar abubuwan karafa masu cutarwa, vatattun masana'antu, sinadarai masu cutarwa, da sauransu, an cire su a doron kasa na shuka
Yarda da duk waɗannan sharuɗɗan yana ba da tabbacin lafiyar shuka, saurin haɓakar su, tare da ripan fruitsyan itaciyar mai zuwa, girman da dandano wanda, ba tare da wata shakka ba, zai faranta wa lambu.
Yadda za a fara shirya ƙasa don shuka?
Don amfani da ƙasa don dasa shuki a cikin hanyar da aka karɓa daga infield ba a ba da shawarar sosai ba. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa ba ta da kaddarorin da suka wajaba don saurin shuka, kuma a wasu halayen na iya haifar da lahani ga tsire-tsire. Bugu da kari, ana iya tursasa irin wannan kasa, sakamakon abin da amfanin gona ya girma ba zai sami isasshen danshi ko iska ba. Saboda haka, tambayar yadda za a shirya ƙasar don shuka ya kamata a kusantar da shi tare da duk nauyi da ƙima.
A matakin farko, yana da muhimmanci a haɗa ƙasar da aka ɗauka tare da abubuwan gina jiki masu zuwa:
- kogin kogi;
- sawdust (wani lokacin za'a iya maye gurbin shi da ƙananan peat);
- rotted taki (a wasu lokuta, zaka iya yin takin ko humus).
Amma dangane da adadin abin da ake buƙata don haɗa abubuwan da aka lissafa, yawanci suna kama da wannan: 1: 1: 0.5: 0.5.
A takaice dai, ana ɗaukar wani sashi na humus don wani sashi na ƙasar da aka horar, a ɗayan biyun za a iya haɗa taro da sassan ruwan yashi da ruwan ɓauna. Za a tura wannan abin da keɓaɓɓen ta hanyar shirya sieve da ƙananan buɗewa don rabu da manyan dunƙulen da ke haifar da haɗin ƙasa.
Amfani da kasar gona da shuki
Mataki na gaba a cikin shirya ƙasar don shuka zai zama karbuwarsa ga wata al'ada. Don haka, alal misali, lokacin da tumatir ke girma, ana bada shawara don ƙara ƙoshin ƙanƙara wanda ya wadatar da alli zuwa ƙasa.
Don cucumbers, yana da amfani don ƙara kimanin gram 200 na ash a cikin substrate, wanda ke da wadatar abubuwa masu amfani waɗanda ke kare tsirrai daga kowane irin cututtuka.
Don beetroot, ana iya hadi da ƙasa da busasshen saw, tare da samar da cikakken iska.
Kusan kowane al'ada, ƙirƙirar ƙasa mai rai yana da fa'ida. Wannan nau'in ƙasa ya ƙunshi isasshen adadin danshi da humus, ba da izinin shuka don inganta tushen tushe ba da yardar rai.
Haramun ne a gabatar da takin zamani na roba a cikin irin wannan kasa, gurbatar da ma'adanai tare da nitrates da kuma rage yawan zaren halitta.
Za'a iya amfani da Peat, ɓoye, takin, digawar tsuntsu, da sauransu azaman abubuwan shigar da abinci .. A wannan yanayin, ƙasa mai rayuwa don shuka itace wuri mafi dacewa don shuka kowane kayan lambu da kayan lambu.
Disinasa mai rarraba
A matakin karshe na shirye-shiryen ƙasa, ana noma shi daga wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da larvae na kwari, kazalika da wadatar sa da microflora mai amfani. Hanyar tururi shine mafi inganci don dalilai da aka ambata.
Don aiwatar da wannan tsari, zaku buƙaci:
- babban tanki na baƙin ƙarfe;
- Lita 10 na ruwa;
- rawar soja;
- karfe ƙarfe.
Ana amfani da babban iko a nan a matsayin tanki, wanda kusan kwata ke cika da ruwa, bayan wannan an kunna wuta. Holesaramin ramuka an bushe da su a ƙarshen guga da bangonsa tare da rawar soja, bayan wannan ya cika da ƙasa mai dausayi tare da saka kayan masarufi a cikin tafki mai ɗora. Wajibi ne a shigar da kasan guga kai tsaye sama da matakin wani ruwa mai tafasa. Jirgin da aka samar zai wuce ta cikin kasar, yana tsallake shi daga kwayoyin cutarwa. Hanyar ba ta wuce minti 25-30 ba, yayin da ƙasa ke buƙatar hadewa lokaci-lokaci. An kwashe ƙasa da tukunya daga cikin guga kuma a hankali a jere cikin trays don dasa shuki.
Me zai yi idan ƙasa ta zama m?
Wani lokaci, tare da danshi mai yawa a cikin ƙasa don seedlings, mold na iya faruwa wanda hakan ke shafar ci gaban seedlings. Wannan sabon abu da sauri za'a iya kawar dashi ta hanyar daina shayar da kasar gona. A cikin kwanaki 2-3, matsalar za ta shuɗe kanta, bayan haka ya kamata a tsage ƙasa gaba ɗaya, tare da tabbatar da kwararar iska zuwa tushen tsirrai.
Idan ba zai yiwu a rabu da ƙirar ba, to, kula da ƙasa don tsire-tsire ya ƙunshi fesa ruwa da ƙari tare da ƙarin ƙwayoyin potassium. Bayan kusan 3-4 na shayarwa, dukkanin ƙwayoyin cuta za su shuɗe, ƙasa kuma za ta sake komawa launin ruwanta na al'ada. Bugu da kari, za a iya kara madaidaici na musamman tare da ci a cikin qasa, wanda zai lalata yawan danshi, kuma inji ya zama dole matattarar abubuwanda ake amfani da su.
Don haka, yi-da-kanka ƙasar don shuka na bukatar tsananin aiwatar da hanyoyin da aka yi la'akari, wanda ke ba da damar samar da yanayi mafi kyau duka don 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari na kayan lambu kuma daga baya su sami girbi mai kyau.
