Plantain (Plantago) nasa ne a cikin dangin dangi. Wannan asalin ana wakilta shi daga tsirrai, har ma da tsiro na shekara da shekara. Dangane da bayanan da aka karɓa daga tushe daban-daban, wannan asalin ya haɗu da jinsin 150-250. Ana iya samun wakilan kwayoyin halittar Psyllium a cikin yanayi na zahiri a kowane lungu na duniyar tamu. Yawancin nau'ikan sune ciyawa. Koyaya, daga cikinsu akwai waɗanda ke da kaddarorin magani, sune: ƙarar ƙwalla, ko ƙuma, da plantain ɗin da ya fi girma ko girma. A dabi'a, wannan al'ada ta fi son girma a cikin wuraren ɓoyo, a cikin tudu, a kan hanyoyi, har ma a cikin yashi. Wasu daga cikin nau'ikan plantain an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi.
Siffofin ganye na ganye
Plantain yana da ɗan gajeren rhizome, daga abin da igiyar keɓaɓɓun ƙwayar taƙasa ta tashi. Garancin ganye na kwandon ya hada da faranti na ganye. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wakilan wannan bishiyar itace ta itace ba ganye kuma cikakke. Koyaya, wasu lokuta ma akwai nau'in halittu waɗanda filayen su ke yin ganye da kuma shuɗi. Kyakkyawan ƙarshe na ƙarshe ko karuwar inflorescence ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni, waɗanda basu wakiltar kowane darajar kayan ado. 'Ya'yan itacen wannan tsire-tsire ne mai akwatin iri-iri. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, iska tana shiga cikin aiwatar da pollination na plantain.
Plantain namo
Yadda ake shuka
Wannan nau'in halitta kamar babban plantain ana bambanta shi da tsarinta na ƙasa. Amma a lokaci guda ba da shawarar yin haɓaka shi a kan ƙasa mai nauyi ko ƙasa ba. Ya kamata a tuna cewa a daidai wannan wuri irin wannan tsiron herbaceous yana girma babu shekaru 2 ko 3.
Kafin ci gaba da sarrafa seeding, shafin ya kamata a shirya. Don yin wannan, tono shi, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da takin ƙasa don ƙasa, alal misali, 30 grams na superphosphate, kilogram na takin da 15 grams na takin potassium ana ɗauka don kowane murabba'in murabba'in filin. Bayan an gama tona wurin, sai a daidaita farfajiyar, kuma yakamata a shawo kanta.
Lambu suna ba da shawarar dasa shuki na plantain a cikin ƙasa a buɗe a cikin hunturu. A saboda wannan, ya kamata a shirya tsagi, zurfin wanda ya kamata ya zama kusan santimita 0.5, yayin da nisan da ke tsakanin su ya zama daga mita 0.45 zuwa 0.6. Bayan an shirya tsinke, suna bukatar rarraba tsaba na plantain, wanda aka rufe shi da wani yanki mai tsananin farin ciki na kasa. Fa'idodi na dasa hunturu shine cewa a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi iri ke shiga yanayin ɗabi'a, kuma da farawar harbe-harben bazara wanda aka bayyana a shafin. Idan aka yanke shawarar shuka iri da za'ayi jinkiri har sai lokacin bazara, sannan zasu buƙaci sassauƙa. Da farko, an tsaftace iri na wasu 'yan kwanaki a wurin da yawan zafin jiki yake daga digiri 18 zuwa 20. Bayan haka, ana sanya tsaba a cikin gilashin gilashi ko jaka na polyethylene, wanda ke cike da yashi mai laushi a cikin rabo na 1: 4. Sa'an nan sakamakon cakuda ya kamata a sanya a kan shiryayye daga cikin firiji don watanni 2 hunturu, tsara don adana kayan lambu. Tsarin tsari, dole ne a cire kwandon iri daga firiji kuma abubuwan da ke ciki sun girgiza sosai. Hakanan, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci wajibi ne don bincika yanayin yashi, kuma idan akwai irin wannan buƙatar, to ya kasance yalwa.
Shuka da tsaba ne da za'ayi a farkon lokacin bazara kai tsaye bayan kasar gona thaws. Kafin yin shuka, kasar gona a shafin dole ne a kwance ta a zurfin milimita 30 zuwa 40, bayan wannan an yi birgima samansa. A lokacin da shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa ya kamata a binne kawai santimita 1 kawai.
Plantain kula
Plantain girma a cikin lambu ne mai sauqi mu kula. Saboda haka wannan tsire-tsire mai tsiro yana tsiro kuma yana haɓaka kullun, yakamata ya samar da lokacin shayarwa, weeding da loosening na ƙasa ƙasa tsakanin bushes. Musamman hankali ya kamata a biya wa weeds plantain a farkon shekarar da girma, domin a wannan lokacin da bushes har yanzu suna da rauni, kuma za su iya nutsar da ciyawa ciyawa da sauri. A karo na farko, sassauta farfajiyar maƙarƙashiyar, kuma har yanzu kuna buƙatar cire duk ciyawar bayan seedlings na farko ya bayyana. Thinning plantain amfanin gona ba sa bukatar thinning, ko da idan sun kasance wuce kima m.
Irin wannan tsiron herbaceous yana buƙatar ciyarwa na yau da kullun. Lokaci na farko don ciyar da plantain ya zama dole a farkon lokacin bazara. A karo na biyu saman miya na bushes ne da za'ayi bayan na farko tarin ganye faranti ne da za'ayi. Kuna iya ciyar da plantain tare da Nitrofos, yayin da sashin da ake so ya kamata a nuna akan kunshin wannan takin. Hakanan, a maimakon Nitrofoski, ga kowane murabba'in mita ɗaya na shafin, zaku iya yin daga gram 15 zuwa 20 na kowane takin da ke ƙunshe da nitrogen.
Girma plantain a cikin rukunin yanar gizonku ba zai zama da wahala ba ga malamin gona ko gogaggen shiga. Babban abu shine a bi duk ka'idodin fasahar aikin gona na wannan al'ada kuma ku kula da shi sosai, sannan kuma tabbas kun sami matsala tare da wannan shuka.
Plantain girbi
Masana sun ba da shawarar tattara albarkatun magunguna daga dalar bushes kawai bayan ruwan sama ya wuce. Koyaya, kafin girbi, ya kamata a jira shuka don bushewa da kyau. A cikin farkon shekarar shuka na girma, sau 1 ne kacal a kowace shekara ana girbe daga bushes. Daga tsire-tsire na shekaru biyu ko uku, dole ne a cire amfanin gona sau 2 a cikin kakar, tare da girbin farko nan da nan bayan an shirya farawar, da kuma makonni na shida na 6-8 kafin farkon lokacin kaka. Gaskiyar ita ce a kan bushes kafin ƙarshen kakar ya kamata ya sami lokaci don yin sabon ganye.
Kawai faranti waɗanda ke kimanin santimita 10 - 12 a tsayinsu ya kamata a yanke su. Don bushe kayan da aka tattara, ya kamata a shimfiɗa shi a wuri mai inuwa, ana kuma iya sanya shi a cikin ɗakin da ke da iska ko iska mai iska, yayin da yawan zafin jiki mafi kyau don bushewa ya kasance daga 40 zuwa 50 digiri. Idan ana so, faranti na takarda za a iya ɗaure shi kuma a rataye shi daga rufi don bushewa. A lokacin da rage ganyayyaki lokacin tattara kayan albarkatun ƙasa, yana da matukar muhimmanci kada a cutar da rhizome, har da rourinte ganye. Lokacin da kayan abinci na ƙasa suka bushe, yakamata ya sami launin ruwan-kore ko launin kore kuma yana da ƙanshi mai rauni da dandano mai ɗaci.
Bayan ƙananan ɓangare na inflorescences ripen da kyau, ya zama dole don tattara tsaba na wannan shuka, gaskiyar ita ce, su, kamar faranti na ganye, suna da warkarwa na warkarwa. Kuna buƙatar yanke inflorescences a gindi, bayan sun bushe don kwanaki 3-5, ya kamata a buge su.
Iri da nau'ikan plantain tare da hotuna da sunaye
Daga cikin yawan nau'ikan plantain a cikin al'adun, 2 ne kawai ke girma waɗanda ke samar da kayan abinci masu magani. Za a ba da cikakken kwatancin ƙasa.
Plantain yashi (Latin Plantago arenaria), ko m, ko Indiya, ko ƙuma, ko ƙuma
Wannan nau'in plantain yana wakiltar tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara. Tsawon harbe harbe zai iya kaiwa kimanin mita 0.4. A cikin ɓangare na sama, harbe suna glandular-pubescent. Farantin ganye na akasin wannan nau'in layi ne mai kauri da kauri, a tsawon su sun kai milimita 70. A cikin sashin na sama, ana ganyen ganyen. Theaƙƙarfan inflorescences, waɗanda ke da siffar ƙetare, sun ƙunshi ƙananan furanni. A saman inflorescences akwai kuma mai yawa pubescence, kunshi glandular hairs. 'Ya'yan itacen wannan tsire-tsire akwati ne na siffar ellipsoidal, a ciki wanda akwai ƙwaya. Duk ciyawa da iri na wannan nau'in plantain suna da kaddarorin magani waɗanda ake amfani da su a madadin magani.
Plantain yayi girma (Latin Plantago manyan), ko kuma plantain yayi girma
Wannan nau'in tsirrai ne na herbaceous, wanda ke da perennial. Tushen Filamentous tashi daga wani ɗan gajeren rhizome. Ganyen ganye na kankara yana kunshe da ruwan kuli-kuli na ganye da ke da faffadar mugu da kuma tsayin daka mai tsayi. Tsawon tsayin daka yana daga mita 0.15 zuwa 0.45, yana ɗaukar inflorescence mai ƙyalli, yana da siffar silima kuma ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni. 'Ya'yan itacen wannan nau'in akwati ne mai yawan iri. Abubuwan da ke warkarwa na wannan nau'in plantain suna da ciyawa mai kyau, da kuma fararen ganye.
Plantain kaddarorin: cutarwa da fa'idodi
Abubuwan da ke warkar da cutarwa
Gaskiya cewa plantain yana da kaddarorin magani ya zama sananne ga mutum daɗewa ba. Don haka, ana amfani dashi sosai a madadin magani yayin lura da hukunce hukuncen hukunce hukuncen gargajiya, cututtukan da ke fama da cutar huhu, asma, cututtukan hanji, da kuma tarin fuka. Shirye-shirye da aka yi akan tushen plantain yana taimakawa wajen rage kumburi, haɓakar ruɓaɓɓiyar ciki da kuma tsarkake jini. Hakanan, wannan tsire-tsire na magani yana da tasiri sosai a cikin gastritis, cututtukan peptic, whooping tari, enteritis, enterocolitis, zazzabin cizon sauro, cututtukan fata, da cututtukan fata, da kuma hanyoyin kumburi a cikin mafitsara.
Ruwan ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka samo daga ciyawar plantain yana taimakawa hanzarta aiwatar da haɓakawa a cikin kyallen da ya lalace, haka kuma yana lalata raunuka da cire cire farji Hakanan an san cewa wannan tsire-tsire na herbaceous yana da sakamako mai guba, dangane da wannan ana amfani dashi don neurosis, rashin bacci da haɓaka haushi. Shirye-shirye da aka yi a kan tushen wannan shuka yana taimakawa ga matsin lamba, kazalika da cire haɓakar edema.
Hakanan ana amfani da kaddarorin magungunan wannan shuka a cikin cututtukan gynecological. Don haka, ana amfani da plantain don kawar da kumburi da mucous membrane da tsoka na mahaifa, sannan kuma suna dakatar da zubar jini na mahaifa tare da kawar da rikicewar aikin ƙwayar ciki. Hakanan, ana amfani da wannan shuka don yin daidaituwa a cikin maza. Wani plantain yana nuna ingantaccen aiki sosai lokacin jiyya, enuresis da zawo
Plantain kuma an yadu amfani da shi waje. Don haka, idan akwai fasa ko yanke akan diddige, to wannan tsiron zai taimaka ga warkar da su cikin sauri. Don yin wannan, ana bada shawara don amfani da jiko wanda aka shirya daga plantain, ya kamata a haɗe shi da ruwa, wanda ake amfani dashi don wanka na ƙafa. Idan akwai scuffs da calluses, to a wannan yanayin ana bada shawara don haɗa sabon ganye na wannan shuka zuwa wuraren matsalar da dare. Washegari da safe, fata mai lalacewa ya kamata a maido da ita.
Ana kuma amfani da Plantain don kula da fata na hannu. Daga ita a gida, zaku iya dafa kirim mai inganci wanda ya warke kaddarorin. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar haɗa man shanu ko zuma tare da jiko na plantain. Ruwan ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka samo daga wannan shuka cikakke ne don bushewar fata. Kafin amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace a jikin fatar, ana bada shawarar daka shi da ruwa mai tsabta. Daga sakamakon da aka samo, zaku iya shirya abin rufe fuska, don wannan, zuba adadin sitaci cikin cakuda ruwan 'ya'yan itace da ruwa. A sakamakon taro dole ne a shafa wa fata na fuskar da yin tsayayya daga na uku zuwa rabin sa'a. Bayan haka, ana wanke fuskar da kyau tare da ruwa mai gudu.
Abun ganye na wannan tsiron ya ƙunshi flavonoids, provitamin A, ascorbic acid, bitamin K, enzymes, polysaccharides, acid uronic, tannins, da haushi. Abubuwan da ke cikin plantain sun hada da mai mai, gamsai, carbohydrates, amino acid, da acid acid na oleanolic.
Ga wanda plantain ne contraindicated
Duk da gaskiyar cewa plantain ne, ba shakka, shuka mai amfani tare da kaddarorin magani, shi, kamar dukkan tsire-tsire masu magani, yana da adadin contraindications. Don haka, shirye-shiryen da aka yi akan ginin plantain an hana su sosai a wa mutanen da suka karu da ruwansu da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki. Idan mutum ya kara yawan karfin jini, to irin wadannan kwayoyi na iya cutar da shi. Hakanan kuma waɗanda ke da ɗanɗanar haƙuri na plantain baza su iya amfani da su ba. Masana sun ba da shawara, kafin amfani da psyllium a karo na farko a lura da kowane ciwo, tabbatar da tuntuɓar ƙwararrun kwararrun.
