Dangane da ra'ayin da aka samu, ana samun kusan nau'ikan hyacinths 30 a yanayi, amma, wasu sun danganta komai ga jinsin guda, gami da ire-ire iri. Kasancewar hakan ta yiwu, hyacinth na lambu ya fito ne daga hyacinth na gabas da ire-irensa.
Iri da iri
A cikin tsari na halitta gabas hyacinth katako ne mai tsinkaye har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, tare da daskararru ko matte bel mai siffa har zuwa 20 cm tsayi a cikin launi mai haske mai haske da furanni masu kararrawa masu launuka iri-iri. Furanni suna yin inflorescences-goge na 12-35 guda. Lokacin fure yana farawa a kwanakin bazara na ƙarshe kuma yana ɗaukar kwanaki 10-15.
Daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi yarda da su game da hyacinths shine rabuwarsu daidai da launukan furanni. Misali
Pink hyacinth - yana iya zama tsayayya da yanayin yanayihyacinth m tare da inflorescences lu'u-lu'u har zuwa 20 cm tsayi da manyan fure-santimita 4.5.
Farkon ruwan hoda iri-iri - hyacinth ruwan lu'u-lu'u - tare da inflorescence a cikin kamannin mazugi, yana da tsiri mai duhu a kan tsinkayen kuma ana bambanta shi da takalmin katako (har zuwa 7 cm), yana tunatar da ganye a jikinsu.
Na waɗannan nau'ikan, ya kamata kuma a lura:
- hyacinth shayi mai ruwan hoda tare da inuwa ta apricot-salmon inuwa na furanni da ƙamshin mai daɗi.
- hyacinth anna maria har zuwa 25 cm tsayi, tare da silima na santimita 10-santimita na siliki mai laushi mai laushi, fure har zuwa 3.5 cm a diamita, yana yin fure tsawon kwanaki 15, farawa a tsakiyar Afrilu.
Farin farin iri daban-daban wakilta:
- Hyacinth carnegie tare da fari har zuwa 22 cm tsayi silili inflorescences;
- Hyacinth ailos - har zuwa 35 cm tsayi, mai kamshi kuma, mafi mahimmanci, tsayayya da cututtuka, wanda yasa ya zama mai sauƙin kulawa ko da ƙwararrun ƙwararren masarufi ne a cikin tsiro, da kuma wasu da dama.
Hyacinth shuɗi ya hada da iri kamar:
- Hyacinth Delft Blue, Nau'in farko yana haɓaka da tsayi har zuwa 23 cm, inflorescences mai fili har zuwa 12 cm tsayi, manyan shuɗi 4-santimita na fure da farkon fure - daga tsakiyar Afrilu.
- Hyacinth aidaNa biyu na da inganci saboda gabaɗaya, mai ƙamshi da ƙarancin lalacewa, wanda ya kunshi furanni masu launin tauraro mai launin shuɗi mai duhu, ƙoshin waje a rana tare da sautin launin shuɗi-shuɗi yayin furanni a watan Afrilu da Mayu.
- Hyacinth blue star da sauransu. Na uku iri-iri yana da furanni shuɗi tare da farin rim tare da diamita na har zuwa 4 cm, forming silili inflorescences, kuma fara Bloom a watan Afrilu.
Kamar yadda aka fada a sama, launuka iri-iri na hyacinths yana da yawa babba. Saboda haka, daga cikinsu akwai kirim da rawayakamar aji hyacinth garin harlem har zuwa 28, yin farauta daga kwanakin ƙarshe na Afrilu.
Orangekamar sarauniyar Hyacinth Jeepsie tare da m ƙanshi, da kyau dace domin gidan distillation.
Furanni katakan kare har zuwa 15 cm tsayi, suna da launi-rasberi-rasberi, haka ma, tukwicin ganyenta ana kuma fentin su a cikin launi rasberi - wannan sabon launuka yana fitar da ƙanshin kamshi mai ƙanshi kuma shine mafi kyawun tilasta tilasta gidan.
Babban lambun fure hyacinth miss saigon tare da tassels na curly na inflorescences na lilac mai launi, yana kuma alfahari da dagewar ƙanshi kuma ana ɗauka ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin tsakanin tsirrai don bazara (lokacin furanni ya fara a watan Afrilu) ado na gadaje na fure.
Hyacinth rembrandt 30 cm tsayi yana da furannin furanni masu furanni tare da iyaka; kuma yana farawa a cikin watan Afrilu.
Hyacinths waje dasa da kulawa
Don nasarar nasarar dasa hyacinths a cikin ƙasa a cikin yanayinmu, ya kamata a la'akari da adadin lambobi. Dasa bada shawarar yin shirin zuwa ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba, da ɗaukar kwararan fitila masu matsakaici, saboda sun fi tsayayya da mummunan yanayi.
Lokacin dasawa, ya zama dole a lura da zurfin (15-18 cm) da yawa (20 cm), da yin digging na farko, ƙara peat ko takin gargajiya da aka juya kamar yadda aka saba. Hyacinth yana neman roƙon ruwa, musamman ma a cikin lokacin zafi yayin budada, fure da makonni 2 bayan fure.
Baya ga loosening da weeding ƙasa a kan shafin, ana bada shawara cewa a sarrafa shi gaba (a cikin watan Agusta) har zuwa zurfin 40 cm. An gabatar da Humus a cikin adadin 10-15 kg a kowace murabba'in mita.
Hyacinth dashi bayan fure
Juya wadannan tsire-tsire masu sauki ne. Don yin wannan, tono hyacinth bayan fure a lokacin rani, ajiye har sai kaka, to, a cikin bazara, dasawa zuwa wani rukunin yanar gizon. Lokacin da kwararan fitila suka gama toho, zai fi kyau a jira 'yan watanni har sai sun murmure bayan kakar girma.
Taki Hyacinth
Ciyarwa a cikin yanayin hyacinths na wajibi ne kuma ana yin shi sau biyu ko sau uku a lokacin girma. Duk takin zamani da takin mai magani sun dace - a narkar da tsari suna buƙatar ɗan ƙasa kaɗan, amma ya kamata a riga an shayar da ƙasa, yayin da waɗanda busassun ke warwatse kuma an saka su a cikin ƙasa.
Ana amfani da takin mai magani a farkon matakin girma (superphosphate a cikin adadin 15-20 g, nitrate - 20-25 g a sq m), to a matakin budding (potassium sulfate - 15-20 g, superphosphate - 30-35 g) kuma a ƙarshen fure (superphosphate tare da potassium sulfate - 30-35 g kowace). Wadannan kundin suna ƙaruwa sau ɗaya da rabi akan ƙasa mai yashi. Ana amfani da suturar Nitrogen a cikin bazara da bazara.
Sai na yi ta tono hyacinths na hunturu
Hyacinths daga Netherlands, wanda aka bari a filin don hunturu, zai yi muni a cikin shekara ta 2. A wannan batun, bayan yellowing na foliage (optimally - a ƙarshen Yuni - farkon Yuli), an kwararan kwararan fitila sama, bushe, peeled kashe ganye, Tushen da aka aika don ajiya.
Bulb Hyacinth
Ingancin fure a shekara ta gaba ya dogara da ajiya, saboda haka ya kamata a ɗauka tare da babban nauyi.
Bayan an ba da peel, an kawo kwararan fitila cikin dakin da ke da iska mai bushe, bushe, inuwa. Kafin daidaita albasa, sito da kwantena an gurbata kuma an bushe. Sanya da albasarta a cikin karamin ƙaramin a cikin akwatunan katako, saka a cikin jaka ko jaka na nylon, kada a ɗaure da ƙarfi a takarda don samun damar iska.
A lokacin ajiya, mafi mahimman matakai suna faruwa a cikin kwan fitila, samuwar buds na ganye, inflorescences, tushen tsarin, sabon buds, sabili da haka, a wannan lokacin ya zama dole don tabbatar da tsarin yanayin zazzabi mafi kyau duka. A cikin kwanakin farko na farko a cikin shagon wajibi ne don kula da zazzabi na digiri talatin. Sannan, har zuwa tsakiyar watan Satumba, digiri ashirin da uku zuwa ashirin da biyar sama da sifilin, sannan kuma har sai an dasa shuki a cikin kasa, kimanin digiri goma sha bakwai sama da sifilin.
Hyacinth shima yana buƙatar kulawa lokacin adana kwararan fitila. A cikin abin da idan zazzabi tsarin mulki aka keta, aiwatar da samuwar inflorescences kuma karya, a sakamakon abin da a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa rauni peduncles bayyana tare da daban, sau da yawa rashin fure fure.
Danshi a cikin ɗakin ajiyar kada ya wuce kashi saba'in; tare da babban zafi, cututtukan fungal da sauri ke haɓaka. A lokacin ajiya, kar ka manta don bincika kwararan fitila a kai a kai, yayin da kafirta marasa lafiya. Idan aibobi suka bayyana fure, kwararan fitila sun bushe, kuma idan kwari suka ci gaba, ana bi da su da ƙwayoyin kwari.
Hyacinths dasa da kulawa a gida
An dasa manyan kwararan fitila a cikin tukwane masu tsabta, har zuwa 10 cm a cikin girman tare da ƙasa mai loamy, wanda ya sa firam ɗin ƙwanƙwasa ya zame tare da gefan tukunyar, sauran ya kamata a binne su a cikin ƙasa ta 2/3.
Tukwane an rufe shi da makullan takarda ko kuma jita-jita masu jujjuya su kuma sanya su cikin wuri mai sanyi (6-10 ℃). Yi ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi a kan busasshiyar ƙasa na makonni 12. Lokacin da fure suka kai 10 cm, ana sake shirya su a cikin rana.
A farkon Disamba, zaku iya cire murfin kuma canja wurin kowane hyacinth a cikin tukunya zuwa windowsill na ɗakin da aka kunna. Duk da yake wajibi ne don kula da yawan zafin jiki na akalla 23 ℃, ruwa mai tsayayye da furen furanni har zuwa farkon budding. Wata daya daga baya, hyacinth zai yi fure har tsawon makonni 3.
Girma Hyacinths daga Tsaba
Tare da tsarin zaɓaɓɓen hanya, an fi son hanyar iri, wanda ya rage ga shuka iri a ƙarshen Satumba a cikin akwatuna tare da canzawa, gami da humus, yashi da ciyawar ganye a cikin girman 2: 1: 1, da kuma kara namowa a cikin gidan sanyi na shekaru 2.
Hyacinth yaduwa ta yara
A sakamakon seedlings kusan ba gaji da kaddarorin iyayensu, dangane da abin da lambu mai son fi son vegetative hanya more. Kodayake ba shi da matsala ba - kowace shekara za ku iya dogaro kan ci gaban yara 1-3 kawai.
Idan yara a sauƙaƙe su ɓoye daga kwan fitila, ana shuka su kuma girma, idan yana da wahala a raba su, to, za a dasa ƙwayar fitila tare da su.
Hyacinth yaduwa a gida
Gidan hyacinths ana yada shi ta amfani da kwararan fitila masu matsakaici. Na farko, an kirkiro yanayin girke-girke masu dacewa, gami da motsawa cikin tukunya tare da ƙasa ta musamman don hyacinths (wanda aka sayar a cikin shagunan) kuma yafa masa a saman ƙasa.
Don haka an bar kwararan fitila na tsawon makonni 8-10 a cikin wani ɗaki mai cikakken haske tare da zazzabi ƙasa da digiri 8 (gabaɗaya, firiji ya dace sosai), yana riƙe da matakin danshi na ƙasa.
Cutar da kwari
A cikin yanayin yanayi na tsakiyar latitude, hyacinths kusan ba sa samun saukin kamuwa da cuta. Mafi haɗarin haɗari shine kasancewarsu a gidan. Alamun waje kamar lalata kwaro rashin iya shimfiɗa, yellowing da wuri.
A matsayin hanawa mai hanawa, ana amfani da daskararru a cikin shirye-shiryen phosphorus mai dauke da shiri na mintina 15 kafin dasa shuki da kwararan fitila. Kamfanoni na marasa lafiya dole ne a haƙa su kuma a lalata, sauran ya kamata a kula da su tare da wakilai masu ɗauke da sinadarin phosphorus.
Daga cikin cututtukan da ake yawan gani rawaya ƙwayar cuta rot, yana canzawa ta hanyar canjin kyallen ƙugu zuwa cikin gamsai, yana fitar da ƙanshi mai daɗin ji. Matsaloli tare da shimfiɗawa suna da alaƙa da shi, ƙari, abin da ya faru na ratsi da aibobi akan ƙwayaji da farfajiyoyinsu, lalata su.
Dukkan sassan sassan tsire-tsire marasa lafiya dole ne a lalata (musamman ta hanyar ƙonewa), kuma ya kamata a kula da ramin tare da formalin (5%) ko Bleach. Bayan haka, an bada shawarar girke-girke na hyacinth a wuri guda kawai bayan fewan shekaru.
