Echinopsis cacti suna daya daga cikin shahararrun tsakanin masu siyar da gida. An sanya su ba kawai a cikin tarin tsire-tsire masu nasara ba, har ma sun girma a cikin sauran abubuwan rubutun fure-fure. Fitar Echinopsis na iya yin ado da kowane sill taga, kuma rashin daidaituwa na dangi yana sa waɗannan tsire-tsire akai baƙi na gidaje da ofisoshin. Mafi yawan nau'ikan Echinopsis sun hada da lobivia, trichocereus da chamecerius.
Nau'in Echinopsis cacti da furanni
Furen gida Bayanin Echinopsis (Bayanin Echinopsis) - wani murabba'i na bayyanar gargajiya. Yankakke cikin ciyawar cikin gida, "kore shingehogs" sune tushen matasan Echinopsis marasa tushe. Baya ga su, wani nau'in Echinopsis 30 na daidai ana iya samun su a cikin al'adun (an haɗa pseudo-lobivies a cikin wannan rukunin). Ciki har da nau'ikan da aka sani da dadewa, amma saboda bazuwar zubar da jini sun zama da wuya.
Abu ne na farko kuma mai ban mamaki Shakka da Echinopsis Airiesi (B. eyriesii) A cikin "ainihin" tsirrai na wannan nau'in, karamin duhu mai duhu yana da tsayi 11-18 kuma mafi haƙarƙarin haƙoransa, waɗanda farin fari ne mai launin beola. Rnswanin a takaice, da kadan ke fitowa daga kwari daga areola. A lokacin furanni, wannan Echinopsis yana jifa da tsayi, har zuwa 25 cm, kiban-fararen dusar ƙanƙara tare da manyan fure.
Ba kamar shi ba, Echinopsis oxygon (B. oxigona) kaifi da yawa spines suna da kyau bayyana. Wannan nau'in babbar halitta ce da ke da tsintsiyar mara tushe mai tushe ta kusan 25 cm a diamita5.
Kamar yadda za'a iya gani a hoto, furanni a Echinopsis oxygon suna da launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi:
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ya zama sananne musamman. Echinopsis subdenudate (B. subdenudata), wanda yake da alama baƙon abu bane, saboda kusan babu ƙaya, kuma ƙirar '' Fuzzy Navel '' mai ƙyalƙyali ce, wacce take da ƙarau.
Na nau'ikan da wani lokaci ya fito a cikin asalin halittar-lobes, wanda ya isa ya ambaci Echinopsis obrepanda (B. obrepanda), abin mamaki tare da sabon nau'in halitta daban-daban, sun bambanta a girman sa, al'ada, haɓaka spines, yawancin nau'ikan Echinopsis da aka bayyana a baya sun zama siffofin dabi'a na wannan nau'in canji mai ban mamaki.
Kula da hoto na wannan nau'in Echinopsis - furanni ana fentin furanni a kowane nau'i na inuwa, daga fari zuwa ja mai haske:
Echinopsis ya fi dacewa da ra'ayinmu game da kwatancen, cactus na gaske. Sunan asalin "Echinopsis" (Echinopsis) yana nufin a cikin fassara zuwa harshen Rasha kamar "shingehogs". "Green Hedgehogs" - wannan shine game da Echinopsis. Tabbas, an ciccire da sarƙa mai siffa allura, da gaske kore, sune suka fi “cactus” cacti. Toara zuwa wannan marmari, amma a wani lokaci na gaba kuma da wuya ya bayyana furanni, buɗe kawai don fewan awanni kaɗan kuma yana nuna bambanci tare da tushe mara tushe, yara masu ban dariya suna girma a cikin mafi yawan wuraren da ba a tsammani. Kusan dukkanin labarun gida game da cacti, nuna bambanci game da waɗannan tsire-tsire, caricatures da tatsuniyoyi suna da alaƙa da Echinopsis.
Anan zaka iya ganin hotunan fure Echinopsis cacti na nau'ikan nau'ikan:
Iri cacti Echinopsis lobivia (tare da hoto)
Groupungiyar cacti mafi girma wacce yanzu aka haɗa ta cikin halittar Echinopsis itace sananniyar sananniyar Lobivia. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan da ire-iren waɗannan tsire-tsire sanannu ne, haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwa tsakanin waɗanda ke da hadaddun abubuwa, kazalika da haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyi na kusa - Echinopsis dace, pseudo-lobes, da rebuts. Lobivia cacti suna da bambanci sosai da bayyanar.
Dubi hoto - dukkanin lobivia suna da haɗin kai ta asali daga yankunan tsaunuka da manyan furanni halayyar waɗannan tsirran da ke buɗe yayin rana:
Kamar cacti dutse, suna buƙatar hasken rana mai yawa, iska mai tsabta da ƙarancin yanayin zafi a lokacin farashi. In ba haka ba, ba su yi fure ba, mummuna shimfiɗa su, rasa kyakkyawa daga kashinsu. Gabaɗaya, yanayin ya kasance tare da Echinocereus: sun sami damar jure yanayin da bai dace dasu ba, amma babu wani abin kirki da zai same shi. Lobivia za a iya farawa ta hanyar masu tattara novice, amma idan sun sami damar ba da waɗannan tsire-tsire cikakke rana a cikin bazara da bazara. Don sanya jeri tsakanin furanni a kan windowsill ko don ado na ciki, lobivia ba ta dace ba.
Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan da ake wakilta marasa ma'ana da yaɗuwar lobivia - Bayanin Echinopsis (Lobivia) aurea (aurea) - riƙa, kamar Echinopsis na ainihi, tare da ratsu masu yawa: gajere mai laushi, gajeren allura mai ƙanƙanin gashi ko na bakin ciki.
Kamar yadda ake iya gani a cikin hoto, daskararrakin gidan aurea yana da kyawawan manyan furanni masu launin shuɗi, wanda akan kira shi "zinari":
Wani nau'in lobivia mai haske kuma mai saurin canzawa shine E. (L.) marsoneri (marsoneri), tare da dogayen ƙwarara masu tsayi, tsayi (har zuwa 6 cm) kuma yawanci an lanƙwasa a ƙarshen ƙare tare da fure da halayyar halayyar, wanda furen fenti mai launin baki ne wanda aka zana baƙi ( wannan sabon launi mai kyau musamman wanda aka bambanta shi akan nau'in launin shuɗi mai launin E. (L.) jajoiana var.nigrostoma (nigrostoma) - a cikin wasu nau'ikan da nau'ikan wannan nau'in furanni furanni masu launin ja ko lemo.
Da ke ƙasa akwai zaɓi na hotunan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙasar Lobivia:
Cactus chamecereus: hoto da kulawa a gida
Dangane da tsarin zamani, da yawa daga cikin kungiyoyin cacti sun kasance mallakar echinopsis. Ba wanda zai iya amma ambaci kyakkyawan ƙaramin daji, sananne a ƙarƙashin sunan da ya gabata - chamecereus (E. chamaecereus) Kyakkyawan girma mai ban mamaki kuma mai banƙyama mai ƙarfi cactreus, duk da ƙanananta, taushi, kashin rauni, na iya tsayayya da hasken rana mai haske (kawai dan ƙaraɗa), da daskararren yanayin sanyi (kawai ɗan lalacewa), da kuma keta duk ka'idojin kula da gidan cactus a cikin gidan (ba kawai ba fure). Idan aƙalla mafi ƙarancin yanayi don rayuwa ta al'ada an ƙirƙira shi - haske, shayarwa a lokacin haɓaka da bushewa, sanyi mai sanyi, zai yi girma da girma.
Kula da hoto na chametzerius - yana blooms tare da manyan furanni ja, ba tsammani suna da yawa a kan irin wannan karamin shuka:
Chamecereus yana da sauƙin yadawa ta hanyar rassa, yara, kuma yana iya yin fure a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Karantawa mai ban mamaki game da chamecereus na fure bai sha banban da masu shayarwa. Ga fa'idodin wannan shuka tare da taimakon hybridization, sun kara da wasu furanni daban-daban na wasu cacti, akasarinsu lobivia. Siffofin cakuda chamecereus sun zama ruwan dare gama gari, amma, a ganina, basu da tarin ko darajar kayan ado na musamman. Siffar kyauta ta chlorophyll wacce ta bazu cikin kasuwanci, ta girma, ba shakka, kawai a cikin wani nau'in grafted, wata inuwa ce mara wahala ta tsirrai na halitta. Anarfafawarsa da rashin isasshen ƙwaƙwalwa da ƙanshi na sa mutum yayi mamakin yadda har yanzu yake ci gaba da al'adu. Lokacin da kake kula da chamecereus a gida, kasance da shiri don gaskiyar cewa waɗannan cacti sune farkon waɗanda suka fara lalacewa da alamar farin lebur. Wannan dansandan nasa na Achilles.
Anan zaka iya ganin hoto na nau'in Echinopsis chametzerius:
Iri cacti Trichocereus da echinopsis na cibiyar sadarwa (tare da hoto)
A wannan ɓangaren labarin za ku iya ganin hotuna kuma gano sunayen ƙarin nau'ikan Echinopsis biyu.
Kuma wani babban rukunin cacti, wanda a da farko aka yi la’akari da wani nau’in halittar halittar daban, sun shiga cikin halittar Echinopsis - wannan trichocereus (Trichocereus) Trichocereus, ba shakka, Echinopsis.
Hoton ya nuna cewa trichocereus yana da ainihin manyan furanni mai ɗambin tsinkaye-tsaf-tsaf kuma yana da tushe mai kama, ya fi Echinopsis girma:
A cikin yankuna masu ɗumi, trichocereus mai yalwar cacti da waɗanda ke kusa da su, ƙarancin sanannun ne amma an yi musu ado da furanni iri ɗaya, Helianthocereus, wanda aka haɗa tare da Echinopsis, tsire-tsire ne na gama gari. Tare da mu, za su iya girma kuma su yi fure kawai a cikin mafaka. Don al'adun daki da kanana-manya-manya sanduna, sun yi girma da yawa, saboda haka ba su yaɗu cikin ƙasarmu, kuma muna ganin su suna yin fure a cikin hotuna. A cikin tarin zaka iya samun nau'in trichocereus ta tillage E. (T.) pachanoi da wasu nau'in halittun da aka yi amfani dasu azaman hannun jari. A bayyane yake, tare da yaduwar gidajen lambuna na hunturu da filayen dasa ganyaye a cikin iska, trichoceraeus na iya zama sananne.
Dubi hoton trichocereus cacti - furanni masu daɗin gaske ne:
Wani ƙaramin Echinopsis mai ban sha'awa, wanda kuma wakili ne na tsohon mai zaman kansa da monotypic (wato, ya ƙunshi jinsuna ɗaya kawai), asalin halittar, Echinopsis E. (Setiechinopsis) mirabilis. Wannan tsire-tsire yana saita iri ba tare da turɓaya ba, yakan fito da sauri da sauri - cikin shekaru biyu! - ya kai ga balaga da tsintsiya.
Kamar yadda za'a iya gani a hoto, ciyawar Ecinopsis cactus na wannan nau'in ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman: akan ƙaramin karamin santimita 2 da dare karamin kyan kyakkyawa, fure mai kamshi yana buɗewa:
Echinopsis bai gabatar da takamaiman buƙatun don kulawa ba. Babban matsalar ita ce, ba da daɗewa ba, yayin da yake girma, yana rasa ƙyalli mai ado na abin da ya shafi jariri kuma ya juya zuwa wani abu mai daure da mummuna. Domin Echinopsis ya kasance fure, ya zama dole don sabunta wadannan tsire-tsire koyaushe ta hanyar shuka.
Yadda ake yin fure Echinopsis a gida
Echinopsis suna da irin wannan dogon tarihin namo a cikin ɗakuna, kuma magabatansu - nau'ikan halitta - suna da sauƙin haɗin gwiwa tare da juna cewa duk abin da muke gani akan windows dinmu bayyananne ne sakamakon ƙin jini da zaɓi na tsawan tsari. Gabaɗaya, cacti sune "mongrels." Kuma kamar sigarin, cute da kyakkyawa.
Kira su daidai. "Matattarar matasan Echinopsis" (Echinopsis hybr.) Babban banbanci tsakanin Echinopsis da wasu “kyakkyawan murtsunguwa” shine ba tsire-tsire ba ne. Ba kamar ɗayan na ƙarshen ba, suna jin daɗi sosai a cikin substrate na gina jiki (tare da ƙari na humus, peat, ƙasa mai ganye), yayin da substrate na iya zama mafi nauyi fiye da na sauran sauran cacti. Kuma jita-jita don kula da Echinopsis, bi da bi, za'a iya amfani dashi mafi girma.
Wadannan succulents, musamman a lokacin rani, za a iya shayar da yalwa fiye da bushe-m dangi, hadu (har ma da Organic, amma ba sosai mayar da hankali takin mai magani), kuma sau da yawa aka fesa. Za su iya sarrafawa ba tare da zafin rana ba, ko da yake, tun da aka shirya su tun tuni, za su tsaya a rana ba lokacin zafi ba tare da ƙonewa ba. Basu buƙatar zafi: a tsakiyar layi zasu iya ciyar da watanni na bazara a cikin iska a buɗe. Yana da godiya ga wannan kulawa ta rashin hankali a gida cewa Echinopsis sun sami tushe sosai cikin ɗakunan. Ko da take hakkin duk ka'idodi don kula da cacti (matsanancin shayarwa, shayarwar hunturu, taki, iyakance haske), mai siyayyar necactus ba zai lalata Echinopsis ba. Sakamakon mummunan sakamakon kulawa mara kyau zai zama mai kara mai zurfi mai zurfi, maras kyau, ƙananan jarirai masu launin fata, fure mai wuya ko rashin sa.
Idan kana da irin wannan shuka da aka shuka? Yadda za a yi fure Echinopsis a cikin gidanka? Da farko kuna buƙatar tunanin irin kyakkyawan Echinopsis mai kyau da lafiya. Wannan tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire ne, mai gajeren zango mai gajeren silima tare da shekarun da ya kai 15 cm a diamita, kore mai duhu a launi, tare da ƙarfi, mai haske, yawanci duhu, da ƙananan yara - kawai a cikin samfuran balaga. Idan, bisa manufa, shuka da kuka samo za'a iya kawo shi wannan jihar, gwada yin shi kamar haka. A hankali (ba tare da fasa ƙaya ba kuma ba tare da barin tabo a kan tushe ba), cire duk yara idan zai yiwu (zaku iya barin ma'aurata a gindin tushe, har ma da waɗanda ba za a iya cire su ba tare da mummunar rauni ga ƙwayar mahaifiyar ba). Sa'an nan kuma dasa shuki a cikin sabon tukunya, isa ga wurin zama kyauta na tushen sa, tare da kayan abinci mai gina jiki. M zurfafa zuwa ƙananan - kunkuntar, corked - ɓangare na tushe zuwa cikin magudanar ta sama, bayan shigar da shuka kai tsaye. Sannan ka samar masa da wajibcin kulawa. Yana za a canza a gaban idanunmu kuma zai Bloom sosai gaba shekara bayan wannan hanya.
Idan bayanin Echinopsis wanda ya fada hannunku ya bar yawancin abin da ake so (inji ya fi sakaci, ya tsawaita, yana da maƙarƙashiya - burbushi na cututtuka da lokutan girma a cikin duhu), sikari, aibobi, ƙaya, amma har yanzu kuna da nadama a raba shi, gwada radadin juya shi. Don kula da irin wannan iskar gas na Echinopsis, ya zama dole a yanke sashin gindi daga nesa daga kolin ɗan ƙaramin firam daga tsinkayen kara (zai fi dacewa a wurin kunkuntar tushe). Sa'an nan kuma yanke ƙarshen gefen yanke kuma ba da damar sakamakon ya bushe ya bushe. Sannan ana iya sanya shi a ƙasa a kan tukunyar wofi kuma a bar shi a wannan matsayin na kusan wata ɗaya, kuma idan an yi aikin a cikin kaka ko hunturu - har sai lokacin bazara. Tushen daga tsakiyar ɓangaren cuttings na iya samar da riga a wannan lokacin. A kowane hali, ana sanya shuka bayan wannan lokacin kai tsaye a cikin tukunya cike da kayan dasa tare da babban Layer (0.5 cm) na yashi mai laushi ko tsakuwa mai laushi. Kyakkyawan ƙwayar itace za ta ɗauki tushe cikin sauri tare da taka tsantsan kuma yana iya girma a nan gaba.
kyakkyawan echinopsis.
A ƙarshe, ana iya samun kyakkyawan shuka tare da kulawa ta dace da gidan cicus Echinopsis a gida. Yawancin lokaci, 'ya'yan waɗannan alamun suna da kauri, gajeru, "bincike" tushen riga akan mahaifiyar, kuma ana iya saka su nan da nan a cikin tukunya tare da abin da za a dasa tushen ("igiyar igiyar") haɗa su zuwa ga mahaifiyar shuka mai kunkuntar cewa rauni ya yi ƙarami, ba bukata tsawon lokacin bushewa).
Kamar yadda za'a iya gani a cikin hoto, jaririn Echinopsis fure a cikin kyawawan yanayi yana girma cikin sauri kuma yana iya yin fure a shekara ta uku bayan dasa:
Koyaya, idan kuna son samun ba kawai mai kyau ba, amma kyakkyawan shuka, kuna buƙatar haɓaka shi daga tsaba. Yaduwar ciyayi mai tsayi yana haifar da rauni daga halayen kayan ado na Echinopsis - haɓaka yara yana inganta, kuma fure yana raunana. Bugu da kari, yaduwar ciyayi tana haifar da tara cututtuka daban-daban.
Ana iya samun tsaba Echinopsis da kanka, pollinating guda biyu lokaci guda fure da aka samo asali daban-daban (ba daga yara daga uwa ɗaya giya ba!) Shuke-shuke. Abubuwan Echinopsis suna da yawa, mai sauƙin shuka, shuka suna girma da sauri, tare. Za a iya tsammanin furen su a shekara ta huɗu ko biyar na rayuwa.
Daga cikin sauran 'yan matan gida, Echinopsis sun fi kamari wajen kai hari ta hanyar jan kaya, kwari da tsutsotsi. Na farko mafi yawa ana samo shi ta hanyar tsatsa suturar matasa kyallen takarda a saman tsirrai, sauran a bayyane suke a bayyane akan tushe ko tushen (lokacin dasawa). Za a iya haifar da lalacewa da rashin fure na Echinopsis a cikin yanayin da ya dace da waɗannan kwayoyin. Fitar da kwari da rigakafin magungunan kashe kwari da sanya idanu na tsirrai na zamani zasu taimaka matuka wajen magance mummunan tasirin kwari. Wadannan succulents suna tsayayya da cututtukan fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Anan zaka iya ganin hoto na kulawar gidan abinci na Ezinopsis:
