Balsami ko rashin haƙuri babban iyali ne na tsire-tsire waɗanda suka fito daga Asiya da Afirka, amma girma a kusan dukkanin bangarorin duniya. A cikin asalin halittar ɗaruruwan ɗimbin yawa akwai shekara-shekara da tsararraki, mita biyu da ƙananan tsire-tsire.
Tare da duk bambance-bambance a cikin bayyanar da mazauninsu, balsams, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, Bloom da kyau, don haka suna girma kamar tsire-tsire na ornamental a cikin gidajen lambuna da kan taga taga.
Gaskiya ne, a cikin nau'ikan da aka shuka a Rasha kawai 'yan kalilan ne kawai suka sami damar zama sanannen sanannun. Wannan shine balsam na lambun, balsam na Waller, wanda ya dace da narkar da na cikin gida da lambun, kazalika da sabbin Guabilar New Guinea tare da manyan furanni masu launuka masu kyau, waɗanda ke samun sabbin magoya baya.
Balsam lambun (Baliamina na ciki)
Wannan nau'in balsam ana iya ɗauka mafi tsufa daga cikin waɗanda aka horar. Bayyanai da hotunan farko na matsakaici, daga 25 zuwa 70 cm tsayi, tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara a zahiri an rufe shi da furanni masu sauƙi ko biyu sun bayyana a ƙarni na 17.
Matafiya masu balaguron shakatawa da ke ziyartar kasar Sin, Indiya da sauran kasashen yankin da ke nesa da Turai ba za su iya wuce ta hanyar samfurori da fararen furanni, ruwan hoda, ja ko shuɗi. Sabili da haka, ba da daɗewa ba, lambun, musamman maƙoƙin ƙwayar cuta mai ban sha'awa ya bayyana akan gadaje furen da kuma gidajen kore a Faransa, Italiya, Holland da Ingila.
Al'adun shekara-shekara yana da sauƙin koya:
- a kan ƙarfi, tare da ƙirar nodes, mai tushe mai laushi;
- tare da lanceolate, tare da serrate gefuna petiolate ganye, densely rufe harbe;
- wanda bai bi ka'ida ko doka ba, wanda yake a cikin axils na ganye furanni na ado.
Abincin ganye na balsam na lambu, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, reshe, wanda ke ba ku damar samun kambi mai yawa, daga Yuni zuwa Satumba an rufe shi da furanni na kowane launuka da tabarau.
Bayan an gama fure, succulent capsules tare da tsaba masu launin launin ruwan kasa suna bayyana akan tsire-tsire. Kamar sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan bals bitar a kan taɓa lambun, abubuwan da ke cikin akwatin nan da nan suna watsar da mita da yawa a kusa, kawai dole ku taɓa 'ya'yan itacen, ko tsire-tsire suna haɗuwa da iska mai iska.
A cikin yanayin subtropics, a cikin ƙasa na al'adun, wannan fasalin yana taimakawa sinadarai don daidaitawa da sauri. Amma a tsakiyar layi, tsire-tsire masu tsananin zafi ba sa jure yanayin sanyi, don haka ana shuka irin wannan balsam a gonar kawai bayan ƙarshen ɓacin danshi. Ta taɓa gonar zai yi ado da ɗakin, amma a nan tabbas zai buƙaci ƙarin humidification.
Yawancin nau'ikan balsam ba su da yawa, kuma mafi yawansu asalinsu asalin Turai ne da aka samo su da daɗewa. Masu shayarwa suna gungume tsire-tsire tare da furanni masu launuka iri-iri, a tsari da tsari mai kama wardi na lambun, camellias da carnations.
Lokacin zabar iri-iri don dasawa a kan dunƙule ko fure, ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa gonar tana iya samun tsayi har zuwa he daban daban 70. Misali, tsirrai daga ƙungiyar ta Camellia Flowered sunada tsayi, kuma babban adadin furanni yana zuwa a saman ɓangaren harbe.
Don samun tabo na asali ko iyakar karkara, zai fi kyau zaɓi subsungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa. Misali shine shahararrun balsamic Tom Thumb da aka nuna a hoto.
Tsire-tsire na ƙwayar tumatir Tom Tamb ba su wuce 25 cm ba, ana bambanta su da launuka masu girma da furanni masu tsayi. Furen furanni, yana sauya juna, buɗe daga watan Yuni har zuwa tsakiyar kaka, yayin da zafin jiki ya ba da izini.
Mai kiran Waller (Mai haƙuri da walleriana)
Balsam Waller, wanda aka fi sani akan windows Russia, kamar yadda ake amfani dashi don aikin lambu tituna na lokaci, suna da sunaye da yawa. Tun lokacin da aka gano tsiro a tsakiyar karni na 19, ana kiran shi Impatiens sultanii don girmama sarkin Zanzibar, wurin haifuwar wannan al'ada ta ado.
Shekaru da yawa, masu noman fure na Rasha sun kware sosai da wannan nau'in a ƙarƙashin wani sunan barkwanci da aka saba da shi na balsam Vanka Mokry ko kuma a ƙarƙashin sunan sunan "haske" don hasken furanni mai haske akan daji. Saboda ƙaunar ruwa da ɗimbin yawa, ana kuma kiran balsam "ruwa fuchsia."
Ba kamar takwaran lambun ba, Waller balsam shine tsiro mai tsiro wanda ba shi da ƙima sosai. A cikin yanayi na gida, al'adar tana ba da ƙaramin juzu'i na jeji har zuwa 30-40 cm a cikin yanayi na cikin gida, tsire-tsire suna juye sama fiye da yadda ake yin lambun, kuma tare da pinching na yau da kullun, suna daji da kyau kuma ba sa rasa kayan ado na shekaru.
A cikin lambun, sinadarin Waller suna da dan kadan, za su iya girma kuma su yi fure kawai a watannin bazara yayin rashin sanyi mai saurin mutuwa. An dasa al'adun tare da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa, kuma fure yana farawa kwanaki 50-70 bayan dasawa zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
An bambanta wannan nau'in ta furanni guda waɗanda ke da siffar laushi da launuka da yawa. Tsirrai sun fi son inuwa mai kariya daga abubuwan da aka shirya. Rana tana sa furanni ya zama mara nauyi, kuma iska tana iya karya fashewar lamuran a cikin nodes.
Al'ada ta ba da dama ga shahararrun dabbobi, kamar hotuna, shahararrun nau'ikan balsam. Gamma da ire-iren furanni da aka samo kawai abin al'ajabi ne, amma tare da dukkan himma, masu botanists basu sami damar samun tsire-tsire tare da furanni cikin rawaya da shuɗi ba. A iri da kuma hybrids na Waller balsam an haɗe su zuwa rukuni na corolla mai kama da siffar, kwanakin furanni zuwa wasu halaye na waje na tsire-tsire. Anyi wannan ne don sauƙaƙa rarrabuwa da kuma dacewa da lambu.
Misali, babban rukuni na balsami na matasan na Impreza shine tsire-tsire na 15 cm cm, tare da mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, gajeriyar ƙarancin internodes da kyakkyawan ikon samar da bugun nesa. Jerin ya hada da tsire-tsire tare da rasberi, violet da carmine, furanni masu sauƙi. Kawai samfuran tare da fararen fari ko ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda, wanda aka yi wa ado tare da tabo ja mai haske a tsakiyar.
A yau, shahararrun nau'ikan balsami tare da furanni biyu masu lush. Manyan abubuwa masu yawa suna sa shuka ya zama abin ado da kyan gani.
Bugu da ƙari ga iri tare da harbe-gyaren kafa, ana ba da lambu mai ƙaran gaske waɗanda ba su da tsada, waɗanda ke girma da kyau a cikin kwanduna da tukwane, waɗanda suka dace da ado ba kawai na ciki ba, har ma da wuraren shakatawa na waje a cikin gidan ƙasa.
A cikin iska, Waller's balsamin fure a lokacin bazara, samuwar budan gida na dindindin, amma lokacin da yake kula da ƙarancin zafin tsakanin 16-19 ° C.
Balsam Hocker
Irin wannan nau'in balsam a cikin daji ya girma a New Guinea da tsibirin Solomon. A cikin bayyanar, yana da kama sosai da bututun mai na Waller, amma furanni a wannan yanayin sun fi girma, launin su yafi kyau, kuma tsire-tsire kansu suna dawwama.
Dabbobin da ke girma-daji da aka gano a cikin 1884 basu sami aikace-aikacen da yawa ba kamar tsire-tsire na ornamental a Turai ko wasu ƙasashe, amma ya zama tushen aikin kiwo mai girma.
Balsam na New Guinea (Mai haƙuri Neugu Guinea)
A shekara ta 1972, an gabatar da wani rukuni na balsams, wanda aka sanyawa sunan asalin ƙasarsu na kakanninsu na daji zuwa duniya na masu noman fure. Sabbin abubuwan balsami na Guinea sun lalata ta hanyar wasu ma’adanan tarihi, guda dari da aka basu izinin cim ma:
- babban juriya daga tsirrai zuwa fari;
- manyan furanni;
- fadada kewayon launuka;
- samun nau'ikan iri dabam dabam.
Kamar Wals na bututun mai, sabbin tsirrai a cikin yanayin ɗakuna sune perennials na ado. An rarrabe su da kambi mai yawa, kambi mai kyau, babba, har zuwa 6 cm a diamita, ci gaba da samar da furanni da kulawa ba tare da kulawa ba. A cikin ƙasa buɗe, al'adar ba ta yarda da hunturu, saboda haka an girma a matsayin shekara-shekara.
Sabon balsami na Guinea shine jagora a tsakanin nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da girman corolla, amma suna samar da fure mai sauƙi ko rabin. Ba a cika yin amfani da sinadaran bals a cikin wannan yanayin ba.
