Magnolia

Flowering plant Magnolia (Magnolia) wakili ne na dangin magnolia. Wannan nau’in halittar ya hada halittu sama da 200. A karo na farko, wadannan tsire-tsire sun bayyana a Turai a cikin 1688. Kuma ya sanya wa wannan suna ta Magnolia S. Plume a cikin 1703 don girmamawa ga Pierre Magnoli, wanda masanin farfesa ne. A dabi'a, ana iya samun waɗannan tsire-tsire a yankuna tare da yanayin canjin yanayin wurare masu zafi da ke Arewacin Amurka da gabashin Asiya. Magnolia wata tsohuwar shuka ce ta zamanin dinosaur, wacce ke yaduwa a zamanin Cretaceous da Tertiary. Archaeologists sun samo fure mai fure na wannan shuka, wanda ba kasa da shekaru miliyan 95 da haihuwa ba. Magnolia ya sami damar rayuwa musamman saboda yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi da sauri don daidaitawa ga yanayin canjin yanayin. A zamanin da, kudan zuma bai wanzu tukuna, kuma pollination wannan fure shuka ya faru tare da taimakon beetles, wanda a wannan lokacin riƙe wannan ikon.

Legendaya daga cikin ƙaura mai kyau da ban tsoro yana da alaƙa da Magnolia. Budurwa 'yar kasar Japan Keiko ta sanya furanni takarda masu kyau na siyarwa, amma wannan aikin ya kawo mata dinari kawai, saboda furannin ba na gaske bane. Sau ɗaya, aku ɗaya, wanda Keiko ciyar da wasu lokatai, ya tona asirin sa: furanni takarda na iya zama da rai, amma saboda wannan suna buƙatar a yi musu ban ruwa da digo na jininsu. Amma ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa wannan digo kada ya kasance na ƙarshe. Keiko ya yi amfani da wannan asirin kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya zama mai arziki, amma mutumin da ya ƙaunace ta ya kasance mai haɗama sosai har ya tilasta wa yarinyar ta yi aiki na kwanaki har ƙarshe don yana da ƙarin kuɗi. Kuma lokacin ne lokacin da yarinyar ta ba da ruwa daga fure tare da takarda ta ƙarshe ta jini kuma ta mutu. Furen, wanda ya zo rayuwa godiya ga wannan digo, an fara kiran shi magnolia. Tun daga wannan lokacin, fure mai girma ya zama alama ce ta karimci da darajar rayuwar rai.

Siffar Magnolia

Magnolia bishiyar itace mai narkewa ko itace. Haushi yana da santsi launin toka-ash ko launin ruwan kasa, ana iya zama daskararru. Tsawon irin wannan shuka na iya bambanta tsakanin mita 5 zuwa 20. A farfajiyarsa mai tushe, babban tabo daga farantin ganye, da kuma kunkuntar kunkuntar shelar shekara daga shara, a bayyane take. Kodan sunada yawa. Manyan, masu launin fata, da ganye mai launin kore-mai launin fure-fure masu launin suna da ƙarancin tsiro a farfajiyar da ba daidai ba, kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna elliptical ko obovate a siffar. Furannin furannin bisexual masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na iya zama axillary ko finti, dasudin su yakai santimita 6-35, da launi: cream, ja, shunayya, fari, ruwan hoda ko lilac. Abun da ke ciki na fure ya ƙunshi daga 6 zuwa 12 fure mai daɗin kakin zuma, wanda ya mamaye juna cikin tayal. Irin waɗannan filayen suna cikin 1 ko layuka da yawa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, Magnolia na fure a farkon lokacin bazara, duk da haka, akwai wasu nau'ikan da ke yin fure a farkon makonnin bazara. Wannan tsiro na fure da kyau wanda kowane mai lambu tabbas zai so yayi ado da lambun shi da shi.

'Ya'yan itace' yar itace ganye ne mai siffantawa, wanda ya qunshi adadin manyan ganye biyu masu tsiro guda-biyu. Black tsaba suna da triangular siffar da wani ja ko ruwan hoda fleshy seedling. Lokacin da ganye ya buɗe, tsaba suna rataye akan zaren zaren.

Dukansu bishiyoyi da bishiyar magnolia sune tsire-tsire masu babban tasiri na ado. Ga alama mafi yawan lokuta a lokacin bazara. Blooming magnolia shine mafi kyawun gani wanda duk mutumin da ya gan shi akalla sau daya bazai iya mantawa ba. Koyaya, Magnolia shuka ce mai mahimmanci ba wai saboda kyawun ta bane. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa a cikin 'ya'yan itaciya, furanni da ganye suna da mayuka masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke da tasirin maganin antiseptik, ana amfani da su don hauhawar jini, rheumatism da cututtuka daban-daban na narkewa.

Waje Magnolia Shuka

Wani lokaci don shuka

Ba kowane yanki na iya girma Magnolia ba. Lokacin da zabar wani wuri don dasa shuki ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa wannan shuka yana da hoto sosai. Zaɓi yankin da ke da fitila mai nisa daga bishiyoyi masu tsayi kuma samar da shuka tare da kyakkyawan kariya daga iska da gabas. A cikin karamin inuwa, zaku iya girma magnolia kawai a yankuna na kudu. Soilasan da ke kan shafin kada ta kasance mai gishiri mai kauri ko mara nauyi, kuma matsanancin danshi, yashi ko ƙasa mai nauyi shima bai dace ba. Slightlyarancin acidic ko tsaka tsaki na ƙasa cike da kwayoyin halitta ya fi dacewa. Lokacin sayen kayan don dasawa, ya kamata a tuna cewa tsawo na seedling ya kamata ya zama kusan santimita 100, yakamata ya sami fure 1 ko 2. Yana da kyau sosai idan dirin ɗin yana da tsarin rufaffiyar tushe, wannan zai kawar da bushewar ta. A magnolia seedling tare da rufaffiyar tsarin za a iya dasa cikin ƙasa bude a cikin bazara, bazara da kaka.

Yawancin masana suna ba da shawarar dasa Magnolia a cikin ƙasa a buɗe a cikin kaka na biyu na Oktoba. A wannan lokacin, seedling ya rigaya ya huta. A cewar kididdigar, kusan kashi 100 na ƙwayoyin shuka da aka dasa a cikin bazara sun ɗauki tushe. A cikin bazara, dasa shuki a seedling a gonar yana gudana a watan Afrilu, duk da haka, ya kamata a tuna cewa ko da ƙananan dusar ƙanƙara na dare yana yin lahani mai yawa ga bishiyun da aka karɓa.

Yadda ake shuka

Girma na rami na dasa Magnolia dole ya wuce girman tushen tsarin seedling sau 2. Tsarin abinci mai sama na kasar gona, wanda ya saura bayan ya tona rami, dole ne a haɗa shi da takin da aka juya. Idan har ƙasa ta kasance mai yawa, to ya kamata a ƙara ƙara yashi a ciki.

Da farko, a kasan ramin, kana buƙatar yin tsabtataccen magudanar ruwa, kauri wanda yakamata ya kasance daga 15 zuwa 20 santimita, don wannan zaka iya amfani da faffadan yumɓun da aka murƙushe ko tubalin da ya karye. Yankin yashi mai kauri na santimita 15 a bisa zubar d. A. Kuma riga a kan yashi ana zuba wani yanki na kasar gona wadda aka riga aka shirya abinci mai gina jiki (an yi bayanin abun da ke sama). Bayan haka, ya kamata a sanya sapling a cikin tsakiyar ramin, kuma ya kamata a lura cewa bayan dasa, tushen wuyansa ya kamata ya tashi 30-50 mm sama da matakin shafin. Cika ramuka tare da cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki da ɗan ƙaramin yanayin da'irar akwati. Dasa Magnolia yana buƙatar yawan shayarwa. Bayan ruwan ya zama cikakke a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a rufe farfajiyar akwatin akwati tare da peat, kuma an shimfiɗa busasshen itacen bishiyoyin busassun bishiya a samansa. Mulching kasar gona zata guje wa bushewarta da sauri.

Kula da Magnolia a cikin lambu

Magnolia tsire-tsire ne mai ƙaunar ruwa, sabili da haka, yana buƙatar ɗaukar ruwa. 'Ya'yan itace, waɗanda shekarunsu suka cika shekaru 1-3, musamman suna bukatar wadataccen ruwa da kuma tsari. Ya kamata a lura cewa ƙasa na da'irar akwati kada ta kasance m, amma dan kadan m, kuma ya kamata a shayar da ruwa mai ruwa mai dumbin yawa. Nemo ƙasa a kusa da daji ya kamata a yi a hankali kuma kawai tare da farar fatar, tun da shuka yana da tsarin tushen farfajiya, wanda yake da sauƙin cutar da sauran kayan aikin lambun. Don rage yawan ban ruwa da namowa, ƙwararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar ku cika da'irar gangar jikin ciyawa.

Magnolia kuma yana buƙatar madaidaiciyar miya. A cikin shekaru 2 na farko, ƙaramin tsire-tsire ba sa buƙatar ciyar da shi, saboda yana da isasshen abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa. Manyan riguna suna farawa ne kawai da shekaru uku; wadannan hanyoyin ana aiwatar dasu ne tun daga farko har zuwa tsakiyar lokacin girma. Ya kamata a ciyar da shuka tare da takin ma'adinan hadaddun, kuma ya kamata a nuna sashi a kan kunshin. Idan kuna so, zaku iya yin cakuda abinci mai gina jiki da kanku, saboda wannan, hada guga 1 na ruwa, 15 grams na urea, 20 grams na ammonium nitrate da kilo 1 na mullein. Don tsire-tsire na 1, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar buhu 4 na irin wannan maganin mai gina jiki. An shayar dasu tare da Magnolia sau 1 a cikin makonni 4. Ka tuna cewa yana da sauƙin sauƙin overfeed. A samfurin "overfed", faranti ganye fara bushe kafin lokaci. Lokacin da irin waɗannan alamun suka bayyana, ya kamata ka dakatar da ciyar da ƙara yawan shayarwa.

Juyawa

Magnolia ya danganta mummunan aiki ga turawa. Idan har yanzu kuna buƙatar dasa shi, to, kuyi ƙoƙarin bin shawarar ƙwararrun lambu. Da farko, nemo wurin da yafi dacewa don saukowa. Ana shayar da daji sosai. Lokacin tono ta, tuna cewa dunƙulewar ƙasar ya zama babba kamar yadda zai yiwu, to, inji zai iya juyar da sauƙin dasawa da sauƙin ɗaukarsa da sauri. Don canja wurin Magnolia zuwa sabon wurin saukowa, zaku iya amfani da takardar murfin katako ko kuma wani yanki na kayan mai. Furtherara, duk jan kafa tare da shuka ya zama iri ɗaya daidai lokacin da aka fara shuka. Don haka, a kasan ramin saukowa, ana yin wani magudanar ruwa, wanda aka rufe yashi da cakuda ƙasa. Sannan an saita Magnolia kanta a tsakiya kuma an rufe ramin tare da cakuda ƙasa, kuma kar ku manta cewa tushen wuyansa bayan dasa dole ne ya tashi saman farfajiyar wurin. Pingarfafa saman da'irar gangar jikin kada a cika matse ta, yana buƙatar kawai a matse shi da sauƙi.

Ya kamata a shayar da shuka mai yaduwa, sannan kuma a rufe da ciyawar da'irar. Idan aka sake gina Magnolia a lokacin faduwar, to tushen sa zai bukaci kariya daga sanyi mai zuwa, saboda wannan an samar da wani busasshiyar kasa a saman da'irar akwati. Ana buƙatar haɗa rassan da akwati na irin wannan shuka don hunturu da zane.

Karin Magnolia

Pruning magnolia domin ya samar da kambi ba ya samar. Ana aiwatar da tsabtace tsabtace tsabtace ne kawai bayan shuka tayi. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar yanke duk abin da ya shafi dusar ƙanƙancin hunturu da busassun rassan, da waɗanda suke ƙara girman kambi, kar ku manta don cire furanni da aka fizge. Wuraren sabo yankuna ya kamata a rufe shi da nau'in lambun. Ba a yin datti a lokacin bazara, gaskiyar magana ita ce irin wannan shuka ana mamayar da tsananin yaduwar hatsarin gaske, kuma sakamakon raunuka na iya haifar da mutuwarta.

Karin kwari da cututtuka

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an yi imanin cewa magnolia baya cutar da kowace cuta ko kwaro, amma har yanzu yana iya haifar da matsaloli da yawa. Misali, chlorosis na iya haɓakawa, daga wanda rawaya mai launin shuɗi zata fara bayyana akan farjin ganye, duk da haka, jijiyoyin baya canza launin launirsu. Chlorosis yana ba da shawarar cewa ƙasa tana ƙunshe da lemun tsami mai yawa, wanda ba shi da illa ga ci gaba da haɓaka tsarin tushen magnolia kuma yawanci yakan haifar da mutuwar gaba ɗaya na shuka. Ana iya gyara ƙasa ta hanyar gabatar da ƙasa mai cike da ruwa ko peat acid a ciki. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da sinadaran da ke cikin kowane shagon musamman, misali, baƙin ƙarfe.

Magnolia da haɓakawa na iya zama mai santsi saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙasa tana mamaye shi da abubuwan gina jiki, wanda ke haifar da salatin sa. Don fahimtar cewa shuka an overfed, zaku iya gudanar da bincike sosai a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Yuli, zaku iya samun bushewa gefuna na fararen ganye. Idan akwai alamun wuce gona da iri na magnolia, to kuna buƙatar dakatar da sanya takin mai magani da kuma ƙara yawan ban ruwa.

Mealybugs, thrips rosacea da peach aphids zasu iya tsayawa akan irin wannan shuka, yayin da ake fama da fari, zazzabi ko kuma gizo-gizo gizo suna cutar dashi. Wadannan kwari suna cin ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wanda ke haifar da babbar illa ga Magnolia. Don haka, faɗuwar ƙwayar ta iya farawa a watan Yuli ko Agusta. A wasu halaye, saboda kwari, ana iya raunana shuka sosai har zuwa shekara mai zuwa ba zai sami ci gaba ba. Hakanan, waɗannan karin kwari sune masu ɗaukar cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo. Don kawar da kwari, ya kamata kuyi amfani da acaricides, alal misali, za a iya kula da daji tare da Actara, Actellik ko wasu hanyoyin yin wannan.

A cikin hunturu, ƙwayoyin da ke lalata tushen wuya da asalinsu na iya haifar da lahani ga shuka. Amma don fahimtar ko akwai irin waɗannan matsalolin, dole ne ku cire saman. Abun da aka samo daga bugun ya buƙaci a fesa shi da maganin Fundazole (1%). Kuma ku tuna, don hana daga sarƙoƙi, kuna buƙatar rufe da'irar gangar jikin Magnolia don hunturu kawai bayan daskarewa.

Lokacin da girma a tsakiyar latitude, Magnolia na iya kamuwa da cutar fungal, alal misali: mildew foda, ƙwayar sooty, scab, tumatir mai ɓarna, launin toka ko botrytis. Za a iya magance daji da ya shafa kawai idan an gano cutar da sauri kuma a lokaci guda, za a kula da shuka da maganin kashe ƙwaro. Ka tuna kuma rage shayarwa. A wasu halaye, don samun sakamakon da ake so, dole ne a yayyafa tsire sau da yawa. Idan daji yana kamuwa da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, to lallai akwai buƙatar magance shi tare da sulfate na jan karfe.

Magnolia yaduwa

Magnolia zai iya yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, kazalika da saka filayen, yan itace da grafting. Amma yakamata a yi la’akari da shi don kiyaye ire-iren tsire-tsire, dole ne a yaɗa shi gaba ɗaya a cikin ciyawar. Koyaya, lokacin girma Magnolia daga tsaba, sau da yawa ana iya samun sabon iri, tsari ko nau'ikan iri. Kuma hanyar samarda abubuwa shine mafi sauki.

Tsarin iri

Shuka iri na faruwa a watan Satumba. Ka tattara 'ya'yan itacen ka sa su a takarda. Sa'an nan tsaba suna girgiza su kuma nutsar da su a cikin wani akwati na ruwa, inda ya kamata su tsaya daga kwanaki 2 zuwa 3. Sannan ana shafa su ta hanyar sieve, saboda haka zaku iya cire ƙwayar. Bayan haka, ana wanke tsaba a cikin maganin sabulu, wanda zai cire adon mai daga garesu, sannan a shafe su cikin ruwa mai tsafta. Tsaba yana buƙatar daidaitawa kafin shuka. Don yin wannan, an saka su a cikin jaka na polyethylene, wanda dole ne a cika shi da kayan yaji ko yashi (1: 4). Cire kayan kunshin a kan shiryayyen tsakiyar firiji na akalla kwanaki 20.

Ya kamata a cire tsaba masu sulɓi daga firiji, sanya su a cikin ɗan lokaci a cikin maganin ƙwari don lalata. Sa'an nan an sanya tsaba a cikin moistss gansakuka kuma jira har sai sun naklyuyutsya. Idan an yi komai daidai, to, ɓoyayyen zai ba da rabin tsaba. Idan an yi watsi da sahihiyar damuwa, to ba za a sami seedlingsan tsire-tsire masu yawa ba.

Yi tsagi tare da zurfin 20 mm kuma yada tsaba a ciki, wanda dole ne a rufe shi da santimita santimita na substrate. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da tushen tushen tushe, don haka kuna buƙatar ɗaukar akwati mai tsayi don shuka, zurfin abin da zai zama aƙalla 0.3 m.Tassara zuwa cikin ƙasa ana yin shi ne bayan barazanar dawo da daskararren hagu an bar shi a baya, yayin da dole ne a canja jigilar seedlings a cikin rijiyoyin. Don hunturu, ya kamata a 'rufe bushes' matasa bushes tare da bushe peat.

Yankan

Don girbi girbi, kuna buƙatar zaɓar tsirrai matasa, yayin da kuke buƙatar yanke su cikin lokaci kafin a buɗe furanni. Zai fi kyau idan an sanya ƙananan ɓangaren shank, kuma babba - kore. An dasa cutukan a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na watan Yuni ko kuma a farkon kwanakin Yuli, ana amfani da gidan kore don wannan, tunda zai yuwu a kula da yawan zafin jiki da keɓaɓɓun iska da ƙasa a ciki. An dasa cuttings a cikin yashi ko cakuda wanda ya ƙunshi peat, vermiculite, yashi da perlite.Ya kamata a kiyaye yawan zafin jiki na iska a cikin yashi a kusan digiri 20 zuwa 20, a wannan yanayin ganyen yana iya yin tushe a cikin makonni 5-7. Idan ka dauki tsirkiya daga babban daskararre, to yakamata a zartar da tunanin cewa zai iya daukar wasu lokuta 2 na lokacin don kauda shi. Yi ƙoƙarin adana yawan zazzabi a cikin zangon da aka ba da shawarar. Gaskiyar ita ce idan ya zama mai sanyaya, tushen tushen tozartar zai rage zafi sosai, kuma zazzabi da ya wuce digiri 26 zai iya lalata shuka. Yayin da peranin suna cikin gidan shinkafa, kar a manta da tsari ta kwantar da shi, kuma a tabbata cewa kasaran da take ciki kadan ne a kullun.

Yadda ake yaduwar Layering

Yankakken yadudduka yana dacewa kawai ga ƙwayoyin shrub. A lokacin bazara, kuna buƙatar zaɓar reshe wanda ke girma kusa da ƙasa. A gindin kana buƙatar jan murfin jan ƙarfe mai laushi, sannan reshe ya ƙwanƙwasa ƙasa kuma an daidaita shi a wannan matsayin. A wurin da reshe ke hulɗa da ƙasa, dole ne a yayyafa shi da ƙasa domin an sami ƙaramar motsi. Don kimanta lokacin da Tushen ya bayyana, ya zama dole a wannan wurin inda reshe ya taɓa ƙasa, a yanka shi a duk shekara.

Don kiwo wani lokacin amfani da saka iska. A ƙarshen bazara na ƙarshe ko makonni na bazara na farko, kuna buƙatar zaɓar reshe kuma kuyi yanke madauwari na haushi a kai, nisa wanda ya kamata daga 20 zuwa 30 mm. Yana da Dole a yanke shi da kyau don kada a cutar da itacen. Bayan haka, ana kula da yanki tare da heteroauxin, sannan an rufe rauni tare da daskararren gansakuka kuma an nannade shi da fim ɗin manne, wanda dole ne a gyara a ƙasa da saman yanki. Bayan wannan, an ɗaura wannan reshe tare da rassan da ke kusa, wanda zai guje wa raunirsa saboda tsananin iska mai ƙarfi. Moss yakamata ya zama ɗan daɗaɗa a koyaushe. Don yin wannan, sau da yawa a wata kana buƙatar "allurar" ruwa ta sirinji a ciki. Tushen ya kamata ya bayyana bayan makonni 8-12. A lokacin bazara, ya kamata a cire haɗin Layering daga tsire na iyaye, kuma ya girma cikin yanayin ɗakin.

Magnolia bayan fure

Yadda ake kulawa bayan fure

Furen magnolia yana farawa ne daga bazara ko a farkon lokacin bazara. Farin-fure mai rufe-fure shine sarauniya a cikin itatuwan lambu. Bayan shuka ta lalace, zai zama dole ne a datse shi don dalilan tsabta. Don yin wannan, yanke duk furanni wilted, da rauni da kuma rassan-lalace rassan da mai tushe, kazalika da waɗanda girma a cikin kambi. Nonollen da ba fure-fure ba kuma yana da ado sosai, saboda yana da kyawawan faranti masu launin fata.

Cin nasara

Ana shirya shuka don hunturu ya kamata a yi a ƙarshen kaka. Tsari yakamata ya kasance mai kyau kuma abin dogaro, saboda koda kun shuka tsiro mai tsayawa hunturu na Magnolia, har yanzu zata iya daskarewa, musamman idan damina tayi iska kuma ba dusar ƙanƙara ba. Don hana daskarewa shuka, dole ne a narkar da gangar jikinta a cikin shimfidar 2, yayin ƙoƙarin kare rassan mai laushi daga rauni. Bayan sanyi na farko, dole ne a mulkar da'irar akwatin akwati tare da lokacin farin ciki.

Iri da nau'ikan Magnolia tare da hotuna da sunaye

Babban tarin manyan maganganun maguzawa suna a cikin Burtaniya, wato: a cikin gidan gonar Royal Botanic da kuma a cibiyar gabatarwar Arnold Arboretum. Hakanan ana samun kyakkyawan tarin tarin abubuwa a cikin Kiev. Abubuwan da suka fi shahara tare da lambu za a bayyana su a ƙasa.

Magnolia Siebold (Magnolia sieboldii)

Tsawon irin wannan bishiyar itace mai rauni. Koyaya, galibi wannan nau'in ana wakilta shi ta hanyar tsirrai. Yana da farantin ganye na elliptical ko'ina, kuma sun kai tsawon santimita 15. A kan bakin ciki wanda aka kewaya a farfajiya akwai wata fure mai fure mai laushi mai kamannin furanni. Furanni a cikin diamita na iya isa santimita 7-10. Wannan nau'in yana daya daga cikin mafi tsauri lokacin hunturu, yana da ikon jure gajeren sanyi zuwa ƙarancin 36. Noma tun 1865.

Magnolia obovate (Magnolia obovata), ko fararen-canza launin masu launin fata

Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga Japan da tsibirin Kunashir, wanda ke tsibirin Kuril. Tsawon wannan itaciyar itace mai nisan mita 15. A launi na m haushi ne launin toka. A ƙarshen mai tushe, an tattara faranti na ganye guda 8. Girman daddaɗin furanni masu launin farin-fure mai kusan santimita 16, ana bambanta su da gaskiyar cewa suna da ƙanshin yaji. Tsawon cikakken 'ya'yan itaciyar ja kusan santimita 20 ne. Irin wannan tsire-tsire yana da ban sha'awa a duk shekara, yana da inuwa-mai jure yanayin sanyi kuma yana iya jurewa, amma yana buƙatar ƙasan yanayin iska da ƙasa. Noma tun 1865.

Magnolia officinalis (Magnolia officinalis)

Wurin haifuwar wannan nau'in shine China. Wannan tsiro ana ɗaukarsa analog ne na Magnolia officinalis, amma faransa ganye sun fi girma. Manyan furanni masu kamshi masu kama da juna sun bayyana zuwa furen furanni na ruwa, amma suna da ƙananan kararraki, aka nuna a saman. A gida, ana amfani da wannan nau'in a matsayin tsirrai na magani, kuma a cikin tsakiyar latitude ana iya haɗuwa da shi da wuya.

Magnaukaka Magnolia (Magnolia acuminata), ko kokwamba magnolia

Asali shuka ce daga tsakiyar yankin Arewacin Amurka. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ya gwammace ya girma a cikin gandun daji mai tsafta a gindin tsaunuka, da kuma kan tsaunukan bakin kogunan tuddai. Wannan bishiyar mai lalacewa tana iya kaiwa tsawon mita 30. Karamin tsire-tsire yana da siffar kambi na dalaramram, amma a hankali ya zama mai zagaye. Farantin farantin farantin ko m ya kai tsawon santimita 24. Fuskokinsu na fentin duhu ne, gefen da ba daidai ba kuma mai launin shuɗi ne, akwai ɗan gajeren zango a saman sa. Girman daddaɗin furanni masu launin rawaya sun kusan santimita 8, ana fentin su da launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, a wasu halayen akwai farar fata mai haske a saman. Wannan nau'in shine mafi yawan zafin-sanyi na dukansu. Wannan nau'in yana da tsari tare da faranti mai siffa da farantin zuciya a gindi. Furen furanni na Canary ba su da girma kamar yadda suke a babban jinsin. A cikin Amurka, kwararru sun sami magnolias na matasan ta hanyar tsallake magnolia liliaceae da nuna alama magnolia, an hade su a ƙarƙashin sunan Brooklyn magnolia.

Magnolia dolo (Magnolia dostel)

Wannan kallon yana daya daga cikin kyawawan launuka da kuma kyan gani. Ya zo daga Japan. Itatuwa tsintsiya ce ko ba itace babba ba, tsayin danshi wanda zai iya kaiwa santimita 250. Rassan sun nuna launin launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Siffar farantin ganye na daɗaɗɗen ellipt, tsayin su kusan santimita 12. Girman dutsen furanni masu kama da kusan 10 santimita, suna da adon filayen dusar ƙanƙan wuta mai kama da sikirin, suna shimfidawa ta dukkan kwatance, wanda yayi kama da haskoki na tauraro. Akwai nau'ikan ado na 2: maɓalli, da ruwan hoda. Duk da haka sanannun tare da lambu suna da yawa iri da kuma hybrids. Misali, Susan magnolia wani nau'in halitta ne wanda yake da furanni, wani bangare na waje wanda aka zana shi da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kuma ciki yana cikin inuwar paler. Wannan nau'ikan nau'ikan samfurori ne tare da sunayen mata: Betty, Pinky, Jane, Judy, Anna, Randy da Ricky. An ƙirƙiri jerin wannan karni na hamsin na karni na ƙarshe.

Magnolia liliflora (Magnolia liliflora)

Wannan nau'in ya shahara sosai a tsakanin lambu. Wataƙila wurin haifuwar irin wannan tsire-tsire ne gabashin China, ya juya ya kasance a Turai a 1790. Furen yana daɗaɗɗa, ƙaddarar furanni tare da ƙanshin ƙwaƙwalwa kusan kusan santimita 11, siffar su tana kama da ruwan Lily. Fuskokinsu na ciki fari ne, waje na waje kuma launin shuɗi ne. Siffar ado na wannan nau'in na Nigra (Nigra) ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman: saman farfajiya na fure-ja-ja, ciki kuma yana da farin launi, fure yana farawa a kwanakin ƙarshe na watan Afrilu ko na farkon a watan Mayu.

Magnolia Kobus (Magnolia kobus)

Wurin haifan irin wannan shuka shine Koriya ta kudu, da tsakiyar da kuma arewacin Japan. Ya zo New York a cikin 1862, kuma daga can an kawo shi Turai a 1879. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, tsayin bishiya na iya zama mita 25, amma a al'ada ba ta wuce mita 10. Wuraren furen ganye da yawa Fuskokinsu na gaban cike da koren launi ne, kuma gefen da ba daidai ba ana fentin cikin inuwa mai paler. Diamita na fararen furanni masu kamshi kusan santimita 10. Farkon fure na irin wannan magnolia za'a iya gani kawai lokacin da ya juya shekaru 9-12. Wannan nau'in sanyi, ƙura da juriyar gas. Tsarin arewa shine tsiro tare da furanni mafi girma, wanda yafi sanyi-mai-tsauri.

Magnolia kakkwana (Magnolia kakkwana)

Asali daga kudu maso gabas Arewacin Amurka. Ganga mai santsi yana da siffar silima. Crohn yana da sihiri mai ban sha'awa sosai. A launi daga cikin manyan faranti ganye faranti ne duhu kore. Girman daddaɗin fararen furanni kusan santimita 25, suna da ƙanshin yaji mai ƙanshi. 'Ya'yan itatuwa ma na ado ne, suna da haske sosai kuma suna da kamannin kamanni. Duk da yake shuka yana ƙarami, ana saninsa da ɗan ci gaba mai sauƙi, saboda haka haɓakar shekara-shekara shine kawai 0.6 m. Yana da ƙarancin hunturu kuma yana iya jure dusar ƙanƙantar da akalla aƙalla 15. Wannan nau'in yana girma sosai a cikin yanayin garin, yana da dawwama kuma yana da juriya ga kwari da cututtuka. Babban siffofin kayan ado:

1. Tatse-yisti. Takaddun faranti sun fi fadi idan aka kwatanta da babban duba.
2. Lanceolate. Tsarin foliage yana da tsawo.
3. Mashahuri. Fuskokin ganye suna da fadi sosai kuma girman furanni yakai kimanin 0.35 m.
4. Rotundifolia. Ana fentin faranti ganye mai launin shuɗi mai duhu sosai. Diamita na furanni shine kimanin santimita 15.
5. Da wuri. Fulawa ya fara a baya fiye da manyan nau'in.
6. Exon. Wannan itace mai tsayi yana da kambi mai kamannin pyramidal. Fararen ganye yana da girma kuma suna da mafitar filayen ƙananan ƙasa.
7. Kyau. Siffar kambi yana dala tsantsa.
8. Hartvis. Siffar kambi shine dala, ƙwayar wavy.
9. Macijin. Crohn yayi kasa sosai. Yankunan da aka rataye sun rataye ƙasa kuma suna ɗauka tushe da sauri.
10. Gallison. Yana da juriya mafi sanyi idan aka kwatanta da babban kallo.

Magnolia Sulange (Magnolia x soulangeana)

An haɗu da wannan matasan a cikin 1820 saboda godiya ga Bafaransani E. Sulange, wanda masanin kimiyya ne. A yanzu, ana yin rijista sama da nau'ikan 50 na irin wannan matasan, kuma dukkansu sun shahara sosai a kusan kowace ƙasa. Tsawon irin wannan bishiyar bishiya ko itace bata wuce mita 5. Tsawon faranti na fararen filayen yakai santimita 15. Girman daddaɗin furanni a cikin siffar goblet na iya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 25 santimita, suna da ƙanshi, kuma a wasu yanayi ba su da kamshi. Ana iya zane su a cikin launuka daban-daban daga shunayya zuwa ruwan hoda mai haske. Za'a iya ganin shuka da fararen furanni da matukar wuya. Wannan Magnolia yana da tsayayya da tasirin muhalli mara illa kuma baya buƙatar abin da ya shafi ƙasa. Mafi shahararrun siffofin lambu:

1. Lenne. Fuskokin ciki na fure mai kamshi fari ne, kuma waje mai tsayi shine ruwan hoda.
2. Alexandrina. Magnolia yana da kusan mita 8, tana tsayayya da fari. Fuskokin furannin sun fito da shuɗi mai duhu, ciki kuma yana da fari.
3. Rubra (ja). Fuskokin waje na furanni masu launin shuɗi ne.
4. Jamusanci. Siffar kambi dala ne.

Hakanan, wannan matasan yana da adadin nau'ikan da yawa.

Baya ga nau'in da aka ambata a sama, masu lambu suna noma loosestrifera, manyan-leaved, Lebner, tsirara, ganye-sau-uku, ko laima, da sauran su.