Idan kuna son yin ado da shinge marar shinge ko bango, wata hanyar veranda ko arbor akan gidan ku na lokacin rani, to babu shakka nasturtium zai dace da ku. Itace mai ruwan teku mai furanni mai haske da kuma ganyayyaki gaba ɗaya sunyi kyau sosai da ban sha'awa.
Saurin haɓakar nasturtium da fure mai yawa, unpretentiousness da sauƙi namo ya sanya furen ya zama sananne ba tsakanin yan lambu ba. Nasturtium na iya girma da girma tare da kyau a gida, yin ado loggia ko baranda.
Bayani da nau'ikan nasturtium
Nasturtium a cikin nau'in itacen zaitun ko ciyawa ana bambanta shi da m ciyawa, lobed thyroid, dabino ko kuma kullun-gefe da furanni masu fasali na al'ada.
Rawaya fure ko ja iya kasance terry, Semi-terry ko mai sauki. Sun ƙunshi bututu mai kusurwa mai fasali, biyar ko sama da haka sepals da fure. 'Ya'yan itacen da aka shuka bayan fure na nasturtium sun ƙunshi ƙirar fatar jiki mai siffa guda uku tare da tsaba masu siffa masu kamannin.
Wani fasalin halayen nasturtium shine cewa ƙwayayensa da furanni suna da sha'awar dafuwa kuma da warkad da kaddarorin.
Kyawawan wurare masu zafi a cikin mahaifarta suna girma kamar shuka mai tsiro. Amma nasturtium baya yarda da yanayin zafi na subzero, saboda haka ana girma a cikin lambunanmu a matsayin shekara-shekara. Tsakanin masu shuka fure, nau'ikan tsire-tsire guda biyar sun fi shahara.
Kananan nasturtium
Plantan itace mai girma 35 cm tsayi tare da mai tushe, fure mai tsayi da ganyayyaki masu kyan gani suna gudana tare da ƙananan furanni, waɗanda diamita kusan 3 cm
Furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da duhu duhu sun bambanta mai lankwasa silima kwalliya da ƙananan kararraki masu ƙyalli sun nuna gefen. Little Nasturtium na fure daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba. Mafi na kowa iri:
- "Black velveteen" ne mai tsire-tsire iri-iri tare da furanni masu sauƙi, diamita wacce ba ta fi cm 6 ba. Coloraƙƙarfan burgundy ɗinsu na iya ɗaukar kusan baki.
- An bambanta "Cherry fure" ta furanni biyu na launi mai haske mai haske.
Nasturtium na al'adu
Wannan nau'in tsire-tsire yana haɗad da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na nasturtium babba da garkuwa. Sun bambanta da tsayi da sifa. Zai iya zama nau'in dwarf da ke girma kawai zuwa 15 −20 cm, ko m karamin bushes har zuwa 50 cm a tsawo.
Wasu nau'o'in nasturtium na al'ada sune tsirrai masu rarrafe, tsawon tsawon mai tushe wanda zai iya zuwa mita 4. Mafi mashahuri iri sune:
- "Hasken wata" - yayi girma zuwa mita biyu a tsayi kuma fure tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi.
- "Golden Globe" itace daji ce ta siffar wani yanki, tsayin dinta wanda ya kai kawai cm 25. An dasa tsiron tare da koren haske, manyan falo, zagaye, suna kai girman 6,5 cm. Furanni Terry na wannan nau'in suna da launi mai launin zinare.
- An bambanta "Gleming Mahagani" ta furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da girma zuwa 37 cm.
Nasturtium yana da girma
Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai matukar banƙyama wanda zai iya girma zuwa cm 250. Kyakkyawan nau'ikan wannan nau'in nasturtium sun haɗu zuwa 70 cm. haske kore, zagaye, manyan ganye.
Abubuwan da ke kwance a cikin zanen gado launin toka ne. Yana yaduwa da kyau ta hanyar shuka-kai da fure daga farkon bazara zuwa lokacin sanyi sosai. Babban nasturtium yana wakilta da dama iri, a cikin abin da za'a iya rarrabe siffofin daji:
- An bambanta "Ladybug" da furanni apricot, tsakiyar wanda yake da aibobi masu burgundy.
- "Jaririn Salmon" - tsire-tsire tare da furanni biyu.
- "Peach Melba" - tsire-tsire iri-iri tare da furanni mai tsami, a tsakiyar cikinsu akwai aibobi ja.
- An bambanta "Sarki Theodore" ta furanni masu haske mai launin shuɗi.
Sinadarin thyroid
Itace itace mai rarrafewa, mara nauyi, mai kamshi, greenanyen kore kore waɗanda suke girma zuwa mita huɗu. A kansu akwai duhu ganye thyroid ganye da succulent duhu ja furanni.
Jikin thyroid nasturtium na fure daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba. Mafi mashahuri nau'in halittu a cikin lambu: "Lucifer" - shuka shine madaidaitan bushes kuma ya girma har zuwa 25 cm.
Ganyen bakin ganye masu duhu mai duhu suna da launin ja mai duhu. A kan koren fure mai haske, furanni masu launin ja-orange mai fure 6 cm a diamita.
Kasashen waje ko Canarian Nasturtium. Girma har zuwa 350 cm, liana iya sauri amintaccen trellises da arbor. An rarrabe ta da biyar - ko bakwai-matsakaitaccen matsakaici-fure da ƙananan rawaya furanni masu haske.
Furen furanni na furanni wanda ya kunshi fure mai kauri da ganyen magarya. Yana blooms daga tsakiyar lokacin rani zuwa sosai frosts.
Yaushe shuka nasturtium a bude yake
Shuke-shuke masu tsire-tsire suna riƙe tsiron su na tsawon shekaru 4-5 zuwa, don haka za'a iya tattara su kuma adana su na dogon lokaci.
Ana iya shuka iri a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa a ƙarshen may. Don yin wannan, ana saka su cikin ruwa tare da zazzabi na 50-60 digiri. A sakamakon wannan, harsashi ya yi laushi kuma sun yi hanzari cikin sauri.
Gaba, kuna buƙatar tono, tara da takin kasar gona. An bada shawara don ƙara takin, ash ash da superphosphate a cikin ƙasa.
Nisa tsakanin rami yakamata ya kasance daga cm 25 zuwa 30. Sown a cikin kowane rami biyu ko ukuwanda aka zurfafa ta 2-3 cm.
Na farko seedlings ya bayyana a makonni biyu. Nasturtium da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa zai buɗe cikin kwanaki 40-50.
Girma nasturtium daga tsaba a gida
An shuka shuka ta tsaba ta hanyoyi guda biyu: ta hanyar shuka iri kai tsaye zuwa cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa; girma seedlings a gida.
Don samun farkon fure bushes, yana da shawarar girma nasturtium seedlings daga tsaba. A gida, ana yin shuka ne a ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu. Don yin wannan, zaku iya ɗauka peat ko tukwane 9 cm a diamita.
Ana binne tsaba uku a cikin kowane tukunya cike da ƙasa. An rufe kwantena na seedling tare da gilashin ko cellophane kuma an sanya shi a cikin wurin dumi.
Lokacin da 'ya'yan fari na farko suka bayyana, an cire gilashin da tukwane sake shirya zuwa wuri mai haske. Kula da seedlings ya ƙunshi a kan lokaci watering. Ruwa nasturtium ba da shawarar ba, tun da tushen tsarin tsirrai ba ya haƙuri da dasawa.
A cikin bude ƙasa, ana shuka shuka seedlings bayan ƙarewar sanyi. Dole ne a yi wannan a hankali, tare da dunƙulewar ƙasa. Kwana biyu zuwa uku kafin dasa shuki, matasa tsirrai a cikin dumin yanayi a lokacin fitazuwa fushi.
Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin ramuka, nisa tsakanin wanda ya kamata ya zama 20-25 ga cm don karamin iri, kuma aƙalla 40 cm don hawa tsire-tsire. Kusa da nau'in nasturtium masu tsayi, ana shigar da tallafi kai tsaye akan saukowa.
Shuka seedlings shine kasuwanci mai wahala, amma a sakamakon haka, zaku iya samun farkon ciyayi, wanda zai yi saurin girma kuma yayi ado shafin.
Nasturtium: dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin filin bude
An bada shawarar dasa shuka cikin kariya daga iska, yankuna da ke da kyau, saboda a cikin inuwar nasturtium zai yi fure sosai. Soilasa don dasa ya kamata m da haskeda kyau drained kuma dan kadan acidic.
Ba'a ba da shawarar shuka nasturtium a kan ƙasa mai wadatar halitta ba. A wannan yanayin, shuka zai yi ciyawar kore kuma yayi kadan kadan.
Kula da nasturtium ya ƙunshi a cikin shayarwar shuka na yau da kullun, weeds da loosening ƙasa a kusa da daji. Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings, za'a iya mulkar gado sannan kuma baza a yi faɗa da ciyawa ba.
Lokacin kula da seedlings yana da mahimmanci yalwatacce, yawan ruwa na yau da kullun. Ya kamata a shayar da nasturtium kamar yadda ya cancanta. Soilasa ta bushe.
Kowace mako, ana bada shawarar ciyar da furanni. takin mai magani na potassium foshate. Lokacin da shuka blooms, saman miya an tsaya.
Dole ne a cire furanni masu bushe da iri na cikin yanayin da ya dace. Wannan zai taimaka tsawan da ciyawar. Idan kuna buƙatar tsaba, zaku iya barin ganyayyaki da yawa don yi 'yan itace.
Kamar yadda suke girma, an raba iri biyu daga farfajiyar kuma an shimfiɗa shi a zazzabi a ɗakuna don bushewa da bunƙasa. Ripened tsaba ya kamata ya zama fari.
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Dankin yana da wani wari mai ƙanshi wanda ke juyar da kwari da yawa. Amma wani lokacin ana iya shafa shi ta hanyar amfani da kabeji, wani tashi mai, gizo-gizo mite, aphid.
Ikon wadannan kwari shine a cikin lura da bushes tare da kwari aikin tsari. Wani lokacin shuka yakan shafi cuta. Mafi yawan lokuta yana iya zama:
- launin toka mai narkewa, a cikin abin da bushe aibobi na launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki;
- ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda a farkon matakin yana bayyana ta hanyar raunana ƙananan ganye, sannan kuma ta bushewar daji gabaɗaya;
- tsatsa da mottled mosaic sune cututtuka waɗanda launin baki da launin toka suka bayyana akan ganye.
Yaki da wadannan cututtukan shine a sarrafa tsire-tsire musamman shirye-shiryen sunadarai da kwayoyin cuta. An tattara ganyayyaki masu lalacewa tare da ƙone su.
Don hana yaduwar kwari a kan bishiyoyin nasturtium kuma kada a fara cutar, ya kamata a duba ganyen shuka a kai a kai. An cire ganye daga nan da nan ganye, kuma daji don dalilai na hanawa fesa tare da barasa tare da sabulu ruwa.
An haɓaka daga tsaba, kuma aka dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, nasturtium, tare da kulawa mai kyau, zai faranta maka rai da kyawawan fure da girgiza ganye har sai sanyi.
Za'a iya shuka nau'ikan ta da ba a iya amfani da ita ba a kan hanyoyi, ko a yi amfani da ita azaman kan iyaka. Manyan bushes an tsara su ne kamar filayen bango, bango na ginin, baranda, baranda.
