Karin kwari
Rage adorativeness, a wasu lokuta, kwari daban-daban suna haifar da ƙarshen mutuwar tsirrai. Ganyayyaki, fure da furanni na gladioli gnaw a scoops na kabeji da mustard, tsirara slugs. Tushen da corms na gladioli sun lalace ta nutcrackers, grubs, scoops hunturu, gall nematodes. Sakamakon lalacewar waɗannan kwari, tsirrai masu tsada a baya cikin girma, juya rawaya, za su mutu.
Gladiolus (Gladiolus)Gladiolus yayi biris.
Yana lalata duk nau'in gladioli, iris, calendula, daffodil, cloves. Kwaro na ɗan ƙarami karami ne, mm 1-1.5 cikin girma, launin ruwan kasa, da elongated, tare da fuka-fukan fuka-fuka, shugaban baƙi. Tsutsa yana da launin rawaya mai haske, tare da jan idanu, ya kai tsawon mm mm, a ƙarshen jikin akwai aikin toshewa.
Adult thrips overwinter a ƙarƙashin ƙwayar corms a cikin ajiya, inda a yanayin zafi sama da 10 ° C suna ninka ci gaba. Mace ta sanya ƙwai a cikin ƙwayar shuka. Ruwan lemon tsami daga ganye da furanni. An lura da yawaitar thrips bayan dasa shuki da kwararan fitila a lokacin fure. Generationaya daga cikin ƙarni na tasowa a cikin makonni 2-3. A cikin tsawon lokacin, kwaro yana kulawa don ba da ƙarni da yawa. Sakamakon lalacewar larvae da kwari, dige da dige-fari-dige suna bayyana akan ganyayyaki, shanyewar launin rawaya suna nuna burbushi na fatar fata yayin kwanciya kwai da ɗigon baki suna nuna kwari. A lokacin zubar da kibiya furen, an fi mayar da hankali akan thrips a kusa da shi. Lokacin da buds suka bayyana, suna shiga ciki, suna lalata furanni, waɗanda ke bushe, disko da bushe. A cikin kaka, lokacin da zazzabi ya sauka, thrips suna motsawa zuwa ƙananan sassa na shuka.
Kafin girbi corms, mafi yawan kwari suna kan "hemp". Daga baya zasu shiga karkashin ma'aunin corms. Suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ƙwayoyin corms. Yankunan da aka lalace suna bushewa kuma suna haifar da ɓawon burodi kamar filawar launin ruwan kasa. Corms ya zama haske, m, kuma a ƙarshen ajiya duhu, alagammana, bushe fita. Baya ga cutar kai tsaye, thrips suna ɗaukar jigilar ƙwayoyin cuta. Kwaro a cikin taro yana haɓaka cikin yanayin zafi, bushewar yanayi.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- tare da babban adadin thrips, farkon yankan tsirrai, har sai kwari suka koma ƙananan ɓangarorin mai tushe,
- halaye fi da dukkan sharan gona bayan girbi gladioli, digging kasar gona,
- disinfection na corms da ke birbishi ta hanyar nutsuwa a cikin ruwan zafi (50 ° C) na mintuna 5 ko fesa tare da maganin karbofos (2 g da lita 1 na ruwa), sannan sai a kwarara kwararan fitila a kuma adana su,
- lokacin ajiya na lokaci-lokaci na binciken corms, lokacin da aka sami kwaro, an zuba kayan dasa tare da alli ko lemo mai tsami a cikin nauyin 20-30 g a 1 kilo na corms, yana sanya ɗumbin corms a cikin jakar takarda tare da naphthalene (na 10-15 guda 3-5 g na shiri) akan 1 - 1.5 watanni, to, kumshe suna cikin iska kuma suna adana su kamar yadda aka saba (zaka iya amfani da naphthalene kawai har sai tsiron ya fito),
- kin amincewa da kamuwa da kwayoyin cutar kafin dasa shuki,
- lura sau da yawa bayan kwanaki 7-10 tare da malalar 10% (75 g da 10 l na ruwa) a lokacin girma lokacin da tsire-tsire masu lalacewa suka bayyana (a ƙarshen Yuni),
- sake dasa gladioli a cikin wannan yanki bayan shekaru 3-4,
- seeding zuwa gladioli tagetes, calendula, albasa, tafarnuwa, waɗanda basu lalace ta thrips.
Gladiolus (Gladiolus)Tushen albasa kaska.
Yana lalata tsire-tsire bulbous: Lily, hyacinth, tulip, daffodil, gladiolus corms da Dahlia tubers. Adult yayi har zuwa 1.1 mm tsayi, gajere, m, haske mai haske, mai sheki.
Tsuntsaye suna zaune a cikin ƙasa a kan tarkacen tsire-tsire kuma suna zaune tsire-tsire da aka dasa a ƙasa. Suna shiga cikin kwararan fitila ta kasan ko lalata lalacewa kuma suka zazzage tsakanin tukunyar. Matan sa ƙwai a kan kwararan fitila. Yin kyankyasar bayan kwanaki 4-7 daga qwai, larvae tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga sikelin kwararan fitila da haɓakawa a cikin wata guda. A sakamakon kasha abinci mai gina jiki, ci gaban tsiro slows, ganye juya launin rawaya da za. A mite diyya da kwararan fitila da tubers a lokacin ajiya, musamman idan ba su tsabtace na tsohon Sikeli da asalinsu. Yayin ajiyar kaya, tare da mummunan lalacewar kwararan fitila, an shimfiɗa saman sikeli da ƙura mai launin shuɗi. Kwararan fitila rot da bushe, zama na banza. Lokacin dasa shuki da kwararan fitila wanda mite ke cikin ƙasa, ƙasa da sauran tsirrai na kamuwa da cuta. Kwaro yana da matukar bukatar zafi sosai (18 ... 20 ° C) da zafi (fiye da 60%).
Matakan sarrafawa:
- dasa kayan da basu da illa a cikin filin da ke buɗe tsiro da tsire-tsire tare da ganyaren rawaya a lokacin girma;
- a kan wuraren da ke kamuwa da cuta, mutum bai kamata ya dasa tsire-tsire masu bulbous da dahlias na tsawon shekaru 3-4 ba;
- tarin da kuma lalata tarkacewar shuka bayan an girbe kwararan fitila;
- kin amincewa da lafiyayyun kwararan fitila da tubers kafin sanya su don ajiya, tsaftace su daga tsoffin sikeli da asalinsu, zubarwa da alli ko sulfur (20 g da 1 kilogiram na kayan dasa), rarrabawa na yau da kullun da kuma cire ɓullar lalacewa, ajiya a zazzabi na 2 ... 5 ° С da zafi iska ba sama da 60% ba;
- magani mai zafi na mintina 5 na kwararan fitila a cikin ruwa mai zafi zuwa 50 ° C, ko kwanaki 5-7 a zazzabi na 35 ... 40 ° C, disinfection na minti 30-50 a cikin mafita na Celtan (3 g da 1 lita na ruwa), 30 % malathion (5 g da lita 1 na ruwa);
- fesawa tare da karbofos 10% (75 g da 10 l na ruwa) ko yin ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushe tare da 20% celtan (20 g da 10 l na ruwa) a cikin lokacin girma na tsirrai.
Cutar
Bushewa, ko sautin farin ciki, na farin ciki.
Yana haɓakawa tare da babban lahani a duk wuraren narkar da gladioli kuma cikin duk lokacin girma. Tushen da corms na gladioli an shafa. A wannan yanayin, akwai nau'ikan cuta guda 2: bushewa da rot na corms. Lokacin da aka yi wilted, tsire-tsire suna juya launin rawaya, farawa daga sama, karkatarwa kuma mutu saboda launin ruwan kasa da mutuwa daga tushen sa.
A nau'in cuta ta biyu, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko duhu mai bakin ciki ya samo asali akan corms. A kan giciye sashin sassan da abin ya shafa na tsirrai, tsarin na jijiyoyin jiki ne browned. Kwayoyin cutar da basu kamu ba suna yin jinkirin ajiyar lokaci mai tsawo, juya. A lokacin da dasa shuki, sun fito da rauni ko ba sa tsirowa kwata-kwata, rot a cikin ƙasa. An yada kwayar cutar tare da kayan shuka. Ganyen naman kaza a cikin sarƙar da abin ya shafa da kuma cikin ƙasa.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- lalata ofan tsire-tsire masu cuta a lokacin girma da lokacin tono ƙasa;
- da musayar al'adu tare da dawo da gladioli zuwa ga tsohon wuri bayan shekaru 3-4;
- ware corms kafin ajiya da kafin dasawa;
- ajiya a wurare masu wadataccen iska
- hadi da tsire-tsire tare da magnesium a lokacin girma;
- digging ramuka a cikin gladioli na marasa lafiya da corms da ciko su da tafarnuwa jiko (30 g na jiko da 1 lita na ruwa), ciko ramukan da ƙasa, kuma bayan kwanaki 5 aiki tare da mustard bayani;
- soaking kafin dasa shuki corms na gladioli na tsawon awanni 8-10 a cikin jiko na marigolds (an yanyanka bushe, an cika shi da rabin guga mai cike da ruwa, cike da ruwa mai ɗumi kuma an bar shi na kwana biyu), bayan jefa amaren da farkon fure - sau uku na yin fure tare da jiko iri ɗaya.
Gladiolus (Gladiolus)Kawa rot
Corms, ganye, mai tushe, fure fure. Spotsanan wuraren da ke cike da launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi mai haske akan ganye. A gaban manyan adadin aibobi, dukkan takaddun ya juya launin ruwan kasa kuma ya mutu da wuri.
Rounded aibobi tare da m-kasa-kasa iyaka an kafa kan abin ya shafa mai tushe daban-daban masu girma dabam. A furannin furanni, filayen ruwa, haɗaɗɗu, haifar da mutuwar gaba fure. Har ila yau launin ruwan kasa ya samo asali akan farfajirai. Tare da babban iska, aibobi a cikin ganyayyaki, mai tushe, furenni da filayen fure an rufe su da launin toka mai launin toka na naman gwari. Wani lokaci bar ba tare da samuwar aibobi ba zato ba tsammani juya launin rawaya ya mutu. Wannan yana faruwa lokacin da abin ya shafa tushen ƙwayar.
A shan kashi na corm fara da tushe ƙarshen kuma yana bayyana a cikin browning daga cikin zuciyar na corm. A hankali, duk sashin ciki na corms an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa. A waje, babu alamun cutar, kuma kawai ta danna ƙasa, za mu iya tabbatar da cewa an riga an lalatar da abin. Namomin kaza overwinters a cikin corms ya shafa da kuma ganye a kusa da saman ƙasa.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- Dawo da gladioli zuwa ga asalinsu wanda bai wuce shekaru 4 ba baya;
- bushewa corms a zazzabi na 25 ... 30 ° C da iska mai kyau (nan da nan bayan tono); kin amincewa da sebaceous corms;
- ajiya na corms a zazzabi na 6 ° C da zafi na dangi na 75-80%;
- etching da corms kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate (30 g da 10 l na ruwa) na 1-2 hours, yara suna tsoma a cikin wani bayani na shan soda (50 g da 10 l na ruwa);
- cirewar tsire-tsire masu rawaya da rawaya (musamman a lokacin fure);
- spraying gladioli tare da cakuda Bordeaux 1% (100 g na jan karfe na tagulla tare da ƙari na 100 g na lemun tsami da 10 l na ruwa) bayan taro na fure ko infusions na tsire-tsire da aka bayyana a matakan magance bushewar gladioli.
Dry rot na mai tushe da corms.
Tushen, corms, ganye, mai tushe suna shafa. Alamu na farko an bayyana su a cikin rawaya da launin ruwan sama na saman ganyen. Tare da haɓakar cutar, rawaya da mutuwar duka tsire-tsire suna faruwa da yawa. A kan ganye masu launin rawaya, Tushen, corms, a gindi na ganye, mai tushe, zagaye na fata gland (sclerotia) an kafa su. Tsarin corms a cikin shagunan suna mummified. Namomin kaza overwinters a cikin corms da abin ya shafa, a kan tarkace na shuka, a cikin ƙasa, inda zai iya kasancewa mai yiwuwa har zuwa shekaru 4. Asarar daga cutar na iya zama daga 15 zuwa 50%.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- kumbura marasa lafiya marasa lafiya da dasa shukoki na lafiya a wuraren da ba a shuka gladioli ba cikin shekaru 4 da suka gabata;
- bushe da corms a zazzabi na 25 ... 30 ° C tare da samun iska mai kyau nan da nan bayan tono su, etching da corms da aka warware daga sikelin tare da maganin daskarar da potassium (15-30 g a 10 l na ruwa) tare da bayyanar da mafita don 1-2 awanni;
- spraying tare da cakuda Bordeaux 1% (100 g na jan karfe na tagulla tare da ƙari na 100 g lemun tsami a kowace l 10 na ruwa) bayan fure mai yawa;
- tono ƙasa tare da juyar da tafki a cikin fall;
- murmurewa na corms: kwararan fitila marasa lafiya, ba yankan raunuka, dasa a cikin abincin doki; transplanted sprouted a cikin gadaje, ba tare da ƙara taki zuwa tsagi (wani adadin shi ne da za'ayi tare da corms a kan tushen, watering da loosening ne da za'ayi kowace rana).
Hard rot.
Bar, corms an shafa. Rounded haske launin ruwan kasa spots tare da duhu kan iyaka an kafa shi a cikin ganyayyaki, wanda akan baki dige baya bayyana - pycnids dauke da fungal spores. A corms, cutar tana tasowa a cikin fall a cikin nau'i na ƙananan ruwa, fiye ko edasa da zagaye launin ruwan kasa aibobi. A hankali hankali yana haɓaka, kuma sashin tsakiyarsu ya zama nutsuwa, yana samun kusan launi mara launi kuma mafi mahimmancin shaci angular. Rarrabe aibobi sun haɗu a tsakaninsu. Abubuwan da abin ya shafa sun taurare kuma suna mummunar lokacin ajiyar kaya, wannan shine dalilin da yasa ake kiran cutar da wuya. Kamuwa da cuta ya ci gaba a cikin ƙasa, a kan kwafan da abin ya shafa har zuwa shekaru 4. Kamuwa da tsire-tsire na faruwa ta hanyar ƙasa. A cikin lokacin girma daga shuka zuwa shuka, naman gwari ya bazu ta hanyar spores wanda iska, ruwan sama, kwari.
Cutar tana da illa musamman a cikin damp, shekaru masu sanyi akan ƙasa mara kyau.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda bushe bushe da gladioli.
Kwayar cutar kansa.
Cutar tana da haɗari ga dahlias, wardi, carnations, gladioli, peonies. Tushen tsarin tsirrai ke shafa. A lokacin da digging corms a wuraren samuwar yara, ko kuma a sakamakon ,a resultingan yara, mawuyacin hali na siffar maras kyau a bayyane bayyane.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- lalata halayen da ba su da lafiya;
- keɓantar da ƙasa lokacin bazara bayan ta tono tsire-tsire tare da busasshen busasshiyar ƙasa (150-200 g / m2) kuma cika ta da rake,
- lokacin da kake kula da tsirrai, ka guji lalacewa, musamman tsarin tushe da tushen wuya,
- corms na gladioli ba su dasa tsawon shekaru 2-3 a wuraren da ake samun cutar kansa.
Musa na gladioli.
Cutar hoto ko ta kwalara. Ganyen fure da furanni suna shafawa. A cikin ganyayyaki, aibobi da annular ko na kusurwa mai launin rawaya-kore da launi mai launin shuɗi, ana yinsa tsakanin jijiyoyin ganye. Wasu lokuta ana gabatar da aibobi a cikin nau'i na rufe zobba. A kan furanni, aibobi masu launin shuɗi-mai launin toka ne da launin toka, kuma suna iya zama cikin yanayin bugun jini. Saboda aibobi da duwatsun, furanni sun banbanta; su ciyayi wani lokaci suna murɗawa. A cikin tsire-tsire marasa lafiya, furanni ƙanƙane, kuma kiban furanni suna ƙaruwa sosai cikin tsayi. Tsarin ci gaba zuwa samuwar kibiya fure a cikin tsire-tsire marasa lafiya yana jinkiri. Marasa lafiya corms suna gudana daga shekara zuwa shekara, dakatar da bayar da kibiya furen. Kwayar cutar tana daukar kwayar cutar ta thrips, aphids. A lokacin girma, ana daukar kwayar cutar daga corms zuwa yara.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- cirewa da ƙone da tsire-tsire marasa lafiya tare da corms;
- lalata kwari na lokaci - yan dako da kwayar cutar (aphids, thrips);
- halittar mafi kyawun yanayi don narkar da gladioli: loosening na kasar gona, weeding, fertilizing;
- dasa shuki a cikin wuraren da ke da iska sosai.
Kariyar Shuka a cikin dabarun gida - Pearl A. A., Stepanina N. P., Tarasova V. P.
