Saboda nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban da kuma kulawar prostate, karas sune tsire-tsire masu shahararrun a kowace ƙasa. Amma duk da haka, ƙwararrun masana, ƙwararrun mazaunin rani, sun san yadda ake girma karas ba tare da asara ba kuma a ɗan ƙaramin farashi. A cikin wannan labarin, zasu raba asirin su!
Yadda ake dasa karas a kasar?
Yawancin mazauna bazara sun ce aikin shirya mahimmanci yana da matukar muhimmanci don samun sakamako mai kyau. Yayin da dukkan tsarin girma za'a kasu kashi biyar na farko:
- Shirya shafin: wuri, maƙwabta.
- Tsarin iri.
- Shuka.
- Barin.
- Tarin da ajiya.
Shirya shafin
Tabbas, idan a gaba, zai fi dacewa watanni shida kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, don tunani game da shirya rukunin don karas, zaku iya guje wa matsaloli irin su cututtuka da yawa, ƙarancin samarwa da sauƙaƙe aikin adana samfurori.
Mazauna rani tare da ƙwarewa a cikin karas sun san yadda yake da mahimmanci cewa ƙasa koyaushe yana kwance, magudanar ruwa. Bayan haka, to, amfanin gona ya fi sauƙi don faɗaɗa zurfi da girma zuwa ingantaccen yanki.
Don yin wannan, an haƙa ƙasa a gaba a kan tebur bayoneti, hadi da cikakken tare da yashi da tsohon, riga rotted sawdust, ƙara peat (a kowace 1 sq M 3 kg).
Nan da nan 'yan makonni kafin dasa, ana amfani da takin ƙasa na musamman akan ƙasa.
Wuri. Duk da gaskiyar cewa karas tsire-tsire ne mai ƙaunar danshi, ƙasa akan shafin bai kamata a rufe shi da danshi ba, nauyi mai kauri. Gara ruwa a yadda ake buƙata. Sannan shuka zai zama mai saukin kamuwa da cuta.
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci don zaɓar wani shafi don karas shine haske. A cikin wuraren rana, girbi, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya fi kyau sau da yawa fiye da inuwa ko kuma inuwa amintacce.
Maƙwabta. Da farko dai, ana iya ɗaukar waɗannan tsire-tsire maƙwabta. Wanne ne farkon alkallen karas. Kuma a cikin mafi kyawun yanayi, idan tumatir ne, kabeji ko dankali. Idan ƙasa ta cika duk ka'idodin da ke sama, to dasa shuki karas don shekara ta biyu a wuri ɗaya ba matsala.
Da wake da Peas, albasa, duk wani nau'in salak, tumatir, Sage tare da karas. M marigolds m tsutsotsi da suke son ci a kan tushen amfanin gona. Amma tare da karas na seleri ya fi kyau kada a shuka a ƙauyen.
Tsarin iri
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shirya ƙwayar karas don dasa. A wannan sashin, zamuyi magana game da mafi gargajiya. Da farko, ana wanke iri da ruwa mai ɗumi daga mayukan da ke ciki. Sannan ana zuba shi da raunin bayani na takin zamani. Ana wanke tsaba mai narkewa da ruwa kuma an shimfiɗa shi a kan zane mai bushe. Kuma a cikin wannan tsari ya kamata a sanya su a cikin firiji don taurara. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, tsaba suna shirye don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa.
Shuka
Bari muyi magana game da mafi sauki hanyar shuka karas. Nisa tsakanin layuka yakamata ya zama akalla cm 20. Idan ƙasa akan shafin “mai haske” ce, to zurfin ramuka yakamata ya zama 2-3 cm (idan ƙasa tayi 'nauyi', zuriyar ba ta taɓa zurfin 1.5 cm ba). Gwada an girka kuma za'a iya shuka tsaba. Sa'an nan ruwa da kuma drip, dan kadan tamping ƙasa.
Yadda ake girma karas Asirin mazauna bazara
Kulawa
Girma karas na iya zama mai sauki kuma ba mai rikitarwa idan:
- dasa al'ada a kan kari;
- matsakaici, idan ya cancanta, ruwa;
- takin ƙasa;
- sako a ƙasa kusa da tsire-tsire;
- bakin ciki;
- San yadda zaka kare kan cututtuka da kwari.
Kulawar Shuka ya fara da zaɓin kwanakin shuka. Idan an shuka iri a cikin yanayin zafi a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa, to, kwari ba zai ba da izinin shuka su ci gaba ba. Kuma ƙarin watering kawai tamps cikin ƙasa.
Tare da waterlogging, tushen amfanin gona da aka fallasa zuwa ƙarin barazanar kwangilar fari rot ko overcooling. Idan kuwa, rashin isasshen ruwa ne, to halayen ɗanɗano na tushen amfanin gona suna wahala. Ya kamata a shayar da kowane kwana 3 (a cikin 1sq.m 4 l na ruwa), sai dai lokacin da ake ruwa. Kusa da zuwa girbi, ya kamata a rage raguwar shayarwa, kuma ya tsaya gaba daya cikin makonni 2.
Tare da zuwan ganye na 6 a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire matasa, ya kamata a yi amfani da takin ma'adinai. 1 tbsp. l nitrofoski akan guga na ruwa. Shayar da a cikin rabin rabin guga na bayani a kowace murabba'in mita. m. saukowa. Bayan rabin wata, maimaita wannan hanya, ƙara yawan ruwa zuwa lita 8 a kowace murabba'in mita. m saukowa.
Weaya daga cikin ƙaya ya maye gurbin ruwa. Kada a bar kasar gona ta daure ta yi taurara. A lokacin kwance duniya, ya zama dole a karas da karas don "kafadu" na amfanin gona kada suyi kore. Hanya ne da za'ayi ne kawai a maraice ko a ranakun da take hadari.
Kayan karami a cikin matakai da yawa, farawa daga ƙananan sprouts, kuma kamar yadda seedlings ke girma. Wannan zai kasance ta hanyar da ke cikin “sassauta” ƙasa a cikin dasa kanta, kuma ta ba da sarari ga sauran albarkatun tushen da za su yi girma. Idan baku bari tsirrai su yi kauri ba, karas zai kara lafiya.
Menene zai taimaka wajen kare kwari? Baya ga samfuran da aka ambata a sama, wato: farkon shuka na karas, dutsen, thinning, da dasa dabbobin kusa da waɗancan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke hana kwari da ƙanshinsu, akwai takamaiman nau'in rigakafin. Misali, tsinkayar tsirrai tare da toka, spraying da infusions na albasa husks, taba ko tafarnuwa. Hakanan akwai hanyoyin nazarin halittu da na sinadarai, kamar jan hankalin kwari da tsuntsaye masu amfani, ko kuma haɗa naphthalene, 1 sashi da yashi, sassan 10, wannan ya kamata ya tsoratar da kwari.
Tarin tattarawa da adanawa
Girbi karas mai yiwuwa ne kawai lokacin da yanayin ya bushe. Bayan girgiza tushen amfanin gona a ƙasa, da kuma yanke fi (barin santimita kawai), karas yana buƙatar a bushe a cikin inuwa bai wuce awa 3-4 ba.
Sa'an nan kuma sanya shi a cikin kwalaye, a kasan wanda lokacin farin ciki Layer na sawdust. Yayyafa kowane Layer da yashi. Ya kamata a ajiye karas a cikin ɗakunan da ke sanyaya.
Girma karas a cikin kasar ta hanyoyi daban-daban
Ka’idojin yadda ake girma karas da sirrin lokaci, kowane yana da nasa. Waɗannan ka'idodi suna aiki da duk matakan 5 na shuka amfanin gona.
Lokacin sauka
Shuka karas tsaba don hunturu. A farkon Nuwamba, kafin tsayayyen yanayi, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki bai faɗi ƙasa da digiri 2 ba, zaku iya shuka karas ba tare da soyaye na farko ba. Zai zama dole ne kawai don kurkura tare da ruwan dumi mai mai wanda ke rufe tsaba.
Lokacin dasa ruwa. Idan kuka shuka iri a farkon bazara, da zaran ƙasa ta cika, wannan yana ba da fa'ida sau biyu:
- yana samar da ƙarin danshi ga al'adar,
- yana kare tushen amfanin gona daga kwari.
Wurin saukowa
Manyan gadaje. Duk mazaunan bazara sun yarda cewa ya fi dacewa don yin karas a cikin gadaje masu tsayi. Godiya ga irin wannan na'ura mai sauƙi kamar akwati, zaku iya kiyaye ƙasa ta zama mara laima. Ba a tsabtace gadaje masu yawa daga ruwa da ruwa ba. Soilasan da ke cikin su tana ba da sauri, wanda ke nufin cewa ana iya shuka karas da wuri. Kuma zafin da yake adana a cikin akwati, kamar karas.
Gidan Gida. Gidan kore yana sa ya yiwu a girma iri da wuri. Babu matsaloli na musamman a cikin kula da karas a cikin greenhouse. Babu matsaloli tare da kwari da cututtuka.
Hanyoyi don shirya tsaba da kayan shuka
Tare da yashi da taki. Wannan hanyar tana da fa'idodi da yawa. Da fari dai, takin zamani, a hankali yana narkar da shi, ya fara kunna al'ada. Abu na biyu, ana kara shuka karas sau da yawa fiye da yadda aka saba. Sand kuma yana samar da ƙarin magudanan ruwa.
Girgiza tsaba a cikin ƙasa. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar galibi a cikin fall. A saboda wannan, yana da daraja kwanaki 10 kafin dasa shuki kada su tam kunsa da tsaba a masana'anta. Kuma binne wannan 'yar jakar zuwa zurfin 20 cm, ko bayonetin felu, a cikin ƙasa.
Saukowa akan tef. Wannan babbar hanya ce ta shuka karas, wacce za ta yi ba tare da yin laushi a gaba ba. Don yin wannan, a kan takarda na bakin ciki, tare da gari da manna ruwa, an haɗa tsaba a nesa na 4-5 cm daga juna. Wannan tsari na cin lokaci-lokaci za'a iya maye gurbin shi da sayan tef da aka gama tare da tsaba.
Hanyar hadewa. Ta hanyar haɗar da karas da tsaba na wasu tsire-tsire, alal misali, tare da radishes ko letas, zaku iya kula kada ku shuka shuka tare da karas da ƙarfi, wanda ke nufin cewa ba za ku sake sake fashewa da tsire-tsire ba.
Seedlings na karas. Lingsalingsan da ke girma a cikin kaset ɗin suna shirye don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa riga tare da isowar farkon ganye na gaskiya. Babban abu shine shayar da shuka sosai. Sannan murfin ƙura ba zai lalace lokacin dasawa ba.
A cikin "jelly". Daya daga cikin sabbin hanyoyin da ake bi don kara girma shine a kan jelly. Don yin wannan, ana dafa jelly-Sintin ruwa daga gari (sitaci) da ruwa, takaddun takaddun tare da microelements za'a iya ƙara shi. An zuba tsaba da aka sanya a cikin man da aka sanyaya. Haɗa haɗe kuma tare da taimakon sirinji mai taushi ko kwalban filastik tare da rami a cikin tafiya, ana zubar da wannan slurry a cikin ɗakunan da aka shirya. Saboda haka, babu buƙatar ƙarin thinning na karas. Tsaba suna hadi da danshi, tunda jelly tana riƙe da danshi da kyau. Irin wannan saukowa yana ba da tabbacin saurin seedlings.
Kowane ɗayan waɗannan sirrin ya cancanci kulawa. Kuma yana taimaka wajen samun ingantaccen girbin karas a cikin kasar ba tare da wahala mai yawa ba.
