Girman apple-dimbin yawa mai siffa - fasali da mafi kyawun iri

Sashe na 1. applean itacen apple mai siffa-mai fasali da siffofi iri iri
Sashe na 2. Siffofin bishiyun bishiyoyi masu girma

Itacen Apple ya yi fure - menene abin al'ajabi, amma ba kowane lambu ne zai iya kula da su ba a kafaɗa. Yawan bishiyoyin Apple basu da matsala ga yawancin cututtuka da kwari, amma babban itacen tsayi da kambi mai yaduwa ba galibi ne ga kulawa ta dace. Sabili da haka, sabon nau'in bishiyoyin apple tare da ƙaramin al'ada na daji da fruiting mai zurfi shine ainihin samo don ƙananan ɗakunan rani da wuraren zaman kansu. Itace apple mai siffa mai juye-juye sune halayen da suka cancanci yayin yanke shawarar canza fasalin shafi ko zane mai faɗi, tare da "phytowalls" akan tebur na nau'ikan apple launuka daban-daban.

Itatuwan apple wanda aka siffata masu shinge. Eg oegardens

Lura, fitowar sabon nau'in kayan amfanin gona

Bayyanar nau'in nau'in pome-dimbin nau'ikan pome (bishiyoyin apple, da kuma pears) ba su wuce shekaru 50 ba. Farkon ya kasance kallo ne da walwala. A ɗayan tsohuwar bishiyoyin apple, maigidan ya lura da reshe wanda yake waje daban da sauran rassan kambi. An bambanta reshen ta a tsaye ba tare da rassan gewaye ba, duk an rufe shi da zobba da mashi. Wani ƙwazo ne na hali da aka samu a vivo a kan apple ɗin Macintosh. An yada reshen reshe kuma an karɓi ainihin asali, wanda ake kira Vazhak. Yankin nasara mai nasara a duniya na bishiyoyin bishiyoyi masu kama da apple ya isa Rasha kuma a cikin 1972 an fara samun nau'in ginshiƙan gida daga ƙetare nau'ikan Vazhak da Korichnaya Striped. A halin yanzu, adadin nau'ikan sun wuce mutum ɗari, kuma yankin da ke ƙarƙashin lambuna don ɗaruruwan kadada na gidaje masu zaman kansu da kuma dabbobin da ke kusa da su.

Fa'idodi na kayan furannin Apple

Yiwuwar yin girma a cikin karamin yanki babban jerin nau'ikan albarkatu
Gudanar da cikakken kulawa.
Babban fasalin shine ƙaramin girman al'ada na kambi da tsarin tushen.
Babban ado.
M da m fruiting (1-2 1-2 bayan dasa a akai),
Babban mahimmancin da ke cikin ofan itacen apple na yau da kullun.
Lokacin girbi mai dacewa.

'Ya'yan itãcen itacen applear columnar iri-iri. Ev artevos

Siffofin halitta na nau'ikan bishiyun applear columnar

Wani maye gurbi mai amfani ya haifar da rashin ci gaban hormone, wanda ya ƙayyade nau'in kambi da al'ada na al'ada. Lationuntarwar ta ba da gudummawa ga ƙarin shimfidar fure na fure (barin offspringa )an), wato, farkon dawowar amfanin gona (tsawon shekaru 1-3).

Siffar ilimin halitta shine kusan babu cikakkiyar rashin jinkiri na tsufa, samar da amfanin gona akan tukunyar tsakiya (gangar jikin) na bishiyar, yanayin dwarf da girma da farkon balaga. Tare da karamin girman, bishiyoyin apple suna ba da 'ya'ya a koyaushe, suna ba da amfani mai mahimmanci. Koyaya, su ma suna da rauni - tsarin tushe. Rashin tsari ne, rashin ci gaba, talauci yana riƙe da m na al'adun, kuma ƙarƙashin iskar gushin itacen zai iya fashewa. Tsarin tushen ci gaba baya iya samar da shuka da isasshen danshi da sinadarai, don haka akwai buƙatar ciyar da shi da kuma shayar da shi, amma ba zai iya yin haƙuri da ruwan zafi ba. Nau'in 'yan mulkin mallaka suna da nau'in itace mai saurin halitta, kuma tunda harbin tsakiyar yana da hannu a cikin samuwar sa, mafi yawan nau'ikan' ya'yan itacen sun mutu, farawa daga tushe. Fruiting motsi hankali sama. Bayan sun isa matakin farko, 'ya'yan itace masu daskarewa. Itace ta daina yin 'ya'yan itace, kodayake tana ci gaba da ayyukanta har kusan shekara 50.

Akwai ire-iren itatuwan apple na columnar da ake nuna su. Wasu fure a cikin shekarar dasa (Malyukha, Barguzin, Iksha, Moscow abun wuya, X-3). Amma barin amfanin gona a farkon shekarar ba shi da amfani. Bayan ta ba da dukkan ƙarfinta don ƙirƙirar 'ya'yan itatuwa a farkon shekarar, ba za ta iya sanya amfanin gonar ba a shekara mai zuwa. Tsawon lokacin da ake amfani da inan itace a cikin itatuwan apple mai siffa da shuɗewa. Yawancin nau'ikan sune albarkatu masu matsakaici, waɗanda ke shiga cikin 'ya'yan itace mai aiki zuwa shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa shuki don dindindin. Jariri na makara ya samar da amfanin gona na tsawon shekaru 6 bayan dasa shuki. Lokacin sayen seedlings, tabbatar da tambayar mai siyarwa don sifayar rakiyar halaye iri-iri, wanda yakamata ya nuna mahimman kayan aikin halittar. In ba haka ba, zaku iya sayan iri iri iri da ba a iya faɗi, iri da nau'in shuka.

Iri da nau'ikan bishiyun applear columnar

Kamar bishiyoyin apple na yau da kullun, waɗanda aka ɗauka a cikin al'ada sun kasu zuwa ƙungiyoyi da yawa:

super dwarfs
dwarfs
half dwarfs,
matsakaici-sized
vigorous.

A cikin aikin lambu na gida, nau'ikan bishiyoyi iri-iri na columnar apple sune mafi yarda - dwarf da matsakaici-sized.

Dwarf columnar iri sami inoculation na clonal scions "tare da gene na Co" akan dwarf rootstocks. Seedlings girma a hankali, amma sami damar samar da wata amfanin gona a ko'ina cikin akwati daga shekarar farko. A cikin wannan rukuni mafi yawan nau'ikan sune Currency, Arbat, 003.

Tsakanin Tsakani ana samunsa ta hanyar wucin gadi ta hanyar nau'ikan nau'ikan talakawa akan bangon dabbar dabbar katako da kuma ingantaccen girki. Yana juya ƙananan bishiyoyi har zuwa 2.5 m high.

Shahararrun nau'ikan da ke da siffar columnar wucin gadi sune Lingonberry, Orlinka, Ligol, Vasyugan, Medok, Shugaba, Amber Abun Wuya, Abun Wuya na Moscow, Bolero, da dai sauransu.

The ginshikan suna da 'yan itace mai siffa zoben-dimbin yawa zaune a ko'ina cikin akwati. Safofin hannu Bloom profusely kuma kai 'ya'yan itace. Baya ga 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganye, galibi launuka masu duhu da inuwa, ana yin su akan safofin hannu. M ci gaban ne a tsaye, gajeru tare da babban adadin kusa internodes. Ana kiran irin waɗannan nau'ikan spurovye. Ana nuna su da kambi mai ɗaukar nauyi, da rauni mara ƙarfi don ƙirƙirar harbe, da tsawo mai ƙarancin bishiyun apple tsakanin 2.0-3.0 m ba ga tsawo. Mafi kyawun gado, gwargwadon hannun jari. Sabili da haka, lokacin sayen seedlings, tabbatar da tambayar iyayen ma'aurata.

Apple mai siffa mai kankara. G calgaryplants

Don yin rigakafin rigakafin domin samun nau'ikan katun da ke da yawa, ana amfani da nau'ikan hannayen jari:

super dwarf rootstock PB-4 (Belarusian Paradise), wanda ake amfani dashi a yankuna na kudanci;
super dwarf rootstock Bud Budagovsky. Kasuwanci don rigakafin a tsakiyar Rasha.

Dukkan nau'ikan biyu suna nuna halin karuwansu. Sabili da haka, yayin dasawa da kulawa, kulawa da hankali da kula da ƙwayar bishiyoyi da manyan bishiyoyi ya zama dole.

Lokacin sayen kayan jari don rigakafin a gida, kula da launi na haushi. Barkaƙƙarfan launi na PB-4 haske mai launin kore ne tare da tinge mai launin shuɗi. Seedlingsaya daga cikin ƙwayar Kid Budagovsky suna da launi mai launin violet-ja. Wannan yanayin zai taimaka wajen rarrabe haja mai yawa ta dallaf lokacin siye.

Hannun jari na itatuwan apple na al'ada ba su dace da ginshiƙai ba. Vigorous seedlings rasa babban alamar kambi yi (single-stemmed, ba tare da a gefe kwarangwal rassan).

Daban-daban bishiyoyi apple na columnar ta girma yankin

Kamar bishiyoyin apple na yau da kullun, ana rarrabe nau'in columnar ta hanyar jure yanayin yanayi zuwa sanyi-mai-zafi da ƙauna-zafi.

Akwai ire-iren itatuwan apple na columnar ga yankuna na kudanci

Ga yankuna na kudanci, mafi kyawun nau'in bishiyoyin apple columnar sune Bolero, Esenia, Trident, Snow White, Taskan, Spark, Garland, Green Noise, Titania, White Eagle, Senator, Ideal. Su ne sosai resistant zuwa sanyaya a kudancin sauyin yanayi, amma kada ku yi haƙuri mai tsananin sanyi.

Iri iri-iri suna cikin kaka-farantawa tare da kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Fruiting yana farawa a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun kai 150-400 g. Siffar tana ɗan conical, zagaye, zagaye. Dangane da launi daban-daban - daga launin kore zuwa ja. Maza masu kwatankwacin mita 1-2-2.5 wadanda suke da kambi mai karami, girmansa wanda bai wuce 0.5-0.7 m ba, su ne kayan ado na gaskiya na lambun. Leafy, sun kasance kyawawan kayan ado sosai a duk tsawon lokacin dumi. Su ne musamman m a rabatki, forming sabon abu phytowall Popular hanyoyi zuwa gidan, sauran hutu.

Akwai nau'ikan bishiyar columnar bishiyoyi na Tsakiyar Blackasa da Tsarin Blackasa da Tsarin Siberian

Kowace shekara, nau'in itatuwan apple tare da kambi mara kyau da 'ya'yan itace suna motsawa gaba zuwa arewa. Tsammani na rayuwa tare da 'ya'yan itace mai aiki a cikin waɗannan yankuna basu wuce shekaru 6-8-12 ba. Ga mafi kyawun iri tare da kyawawan yanayin hunturu don girma a tsakiyar da Siberian yankuna (daga Yankin Moscow zuwa Urals) sun hada da Vasyugan, Necklace na Moscow, Sanata, Shugaban kasa, Ostankino, Triumph, Currency, Arbat, Medok, Gin, Dialog, Renet Mazherova, Spark, Chervonets, Elite, Iksha da sauransu. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka lissafa, an bambanta hardwar hunturu ta Iksha (-40 ° C), Vasyugan, Shugaba, abun wuya na Moscow.

Hunturu-Hardy (don yanayin yanayi kusa da Moscow) tare da babban palatability - nau'in bishiyoyin apple columnar: Malyuha, Medok, Arbat, abun wuya na Moscow da sauransu. Bambancin Medok da Renet Mazherova suna da ban sha'awa. Kudan zuma suna da ƙanshin ƙamshi da ɗanɗano na zuma, ana fara samun 'ya'yan itace daga farkon shekarar rayuwa. Renet Mazherova yana da kambi mafi ƙanƙanta (ba fiye da 40 cm a diamita) ba, ƙananan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari (50 g), waɗanda a zahiri ke fitar da akwati a watan Agusta-Satumba, suna kama da kunne mai ban mamaki na launin rawaya mai haske. M jiki mai tsami na cream-rawaya launi bar ta musamman aftertaste. Ya kamata a lura cewa duk nau'ikan da ke sama suna bada ƙarfi da haɓaka. Apples suna da asali a cikin sourness, wanda ke ba da ɗanɗano mai yaji ga 'ya'yan itacen. Sizearancin girman tsire-tsire yana ba da damar ko da karamin yanki don tattara adadin nau'ikan da dama tare da kwanakin rayayyun launuka, alamu masu inganci, girman 'ya'yan itace da launi.

Itatuwan apple wanda aka siffata masu shinge. Ison Alison

Don haɓaka decorativeness na plantings, da yawa irin duniya iri na columnar apple itatuwa za a iya haɗe. Ariungiyar launuka daban-daban sun bambanta a cikin launi na apples, lokacin fure, ba da banbanci na musamman ga plantings. Don haka zaku iya dasa ragi a cikin layuka 1-2 na nau'ikan da ke gaba: Shugaba tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu launin rawaya, Ostankino tare da manyan ja, Vasyugan tare da jan launi, Amber abun wuya tare da' ya'yan itãcen launuka masu launin-shuɗi da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Ksan wasan sanyi mai jurewa Iksha zai yi ado da phytowall mai ruwan hoda tare da ruwan leɓe mai shuɗi-zagaye na fure mai launi mai launi, ƙanshin saffron mai ban sha'awa. Wasu rukunoni na ginshiƙai masu launin shuɗi, rawaya mai haske, 'ya'yan itaciya mai launin shuɗi (Currency, Dialog, Malyukha) sunyi kyau.

Treesan itacen apple mai kama da sihiri, musamman ma a farkon shekarun, suna buƙatar haƙuri da hankali. Shuka da kulawa, kayan miya da kayan kwalliya suna da dabi'un su. Sabili da haka, kafin sanya wani lambu ko wata ƙaramar mãkirci a cikin nau'i na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ko layuka tare da hanya, ya zama dole, da farko a cikin littafin diary, don zana shirin dasa abubuwa wanda ke nuna jerin sarari da nisa a jere, iri tare da taƙaitaccen bayanin babban fasali kuma a cikin bazara ci gaba tare da sayan seedlings.

Tare da sifofin dasa shuki da kula da bishiyoyin da suka yi kama, ana iya samun sashe na biyu na labarin "Abubuwan da ke tattare da girma bishiyoyin apple mai kama da sihiri." (A halin yanzu ana shirya kayan)