Kowane lambun yana da wadataccen amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace don yankin. A cikin bazara, ana binne lambuna a furanni, a kaka - a 'ya'yan itatuwa. Amma mafi yawansu kuma lambu bayyana - masoya na 'ya'yan itace m, sabon abu ga yankin. Yawan aikinsu da yawancin lokacin da aka kwashe ana ba su lada tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa da ba a saba gani ba. Kuma ko da yake girbin su na iya zama kaɗan, yana jan hankalinsa da baƙon abu. Tsarin rayuwa na ban mamaki, ɗakunan ajiya na halitta na abubuwan gina jiki, shima ya kasance ga waɗannan al'adun gargajiya.
Persimmon.
Asali da yankin rarraba
Persimmon na gidan ebony kuma an kasafta shi a cikin wata ta dabam - Diospyros. Latin yana da tushen helenanci kuma an fassara shi zuwa harshen Rashanci yana nufin "abincin gumaka", "allahntaka." Haƙiƙan jumla ana kiransu plan zamani ko dabbobin daji.
A cewar bayanai daban-daban, wasu suna ganin kasar Sin ta kasance wurin haifuwa ta zartar da hukunci, inda nau'ikan daji ke da shekaru 500. Ana daukar Indochina sauran wuri na asali, inda nau'ikan daji ke zaune a tsawan sama da ya kai kilomita 2.5 sama da matakin teku kuma zai iya tsayayya da yanayin zafin-ƙasa zuwa 18-20 ° С.
"Bayan kun yi kokarin sau daya - ba za ku manta ba" - mutane suna faɗi game da jimla. Tabbas, wannan 'ya'yan itace mai ban mamaki, wanda ke samar da ɗanɗano' ya'yan itatuwa bayan sanyi, yana da ban sha'awa. A yau yana da wuya a bayyana ƙasar da thea fruitsan janar ba za su saba da shi ba. Al'adar ta yaɗu sosai a ƙasashe da dama na Turai da Asiya. An samu nasarar girma a China, Japan, Philippines, Australia, Indonesia, Amurka, da Isra'ila. Wannan jerin jihohin ya hada da kasashen Eurasia na CIS da Russia. Persimmon ya shiga kasuwannin daga yankin Krasnodar Territory, Kudancin stavropol Territory, Ferghana Valley da sauran yankuna masu dumi. A matsayin amfanin gona mai 'ya'yan itace, ana noma jimlar a duk ƙasashe da yankuna inda akwai yanayin yanayi masu dacewa, a cikin ƙasa mai shinge da kariya.
Bayani na gajeren zango na Persimmon
A ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi, bishiyoyin persimmon sun kai 10-12 har ma 20-30 m na tsawo kuma suna kama da itacen apple a cikin bayyanar. Ganyen suna madadin, kore mai duhu, ba tare da ɓarna ba, a ƙasa inuwa mai haske. Siffar ruwan ganye itace-lanceolate, oblong-ovate, ta hanyar faɗuwar sun sami launi ja a launuka daban-daban da ƙarfi.
Furen furanni na Persimmon suna cikin sinus ɗin ganye, guda ko a bunches da dama guda akan gajerun furucin. Calyx da corolla 4 - lobed. Petals na Corolla masu launin shuɗi ne. Kal din tayi "yayi girma" zuwa tayi. Farfajiyar fure ta Persimmon daga Mayu zuwa Yuni. Furanni ana kafa nau'ikan 3: mace, namiji da gauraye. Tsire-tsire suna iya zama masu cin duri da dioecious, yayin da furanni mata da na maza ke kan bishiyoyi daban-daban.
A wasu lokutan 'yan lambu masu novice suna sare bishiyoyin bishiyoyi (na maza), suna hana amfanin gona da itaciya mai fure. Persimmon mallakar kwari ne na kwari. Wani lokaci unpolluted mace fure ci gaba kamar yadda parthenocarpics da kuma samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa iri. (Parthenocarpy - hadi ba tare da fitar da tsire-tsire ba).
'Ya'yan itacen Persimmon shine Berry, launi wanda ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa zuwa orange mai haske, ja mai haske, launin ruwan kasa, tare da ɗanɗano ɗan ƙaramin Turanci mai ƙaran gaske, wanda ba a ɗanɗani jin daɗin rayuwa ba, dangane da jinsin. 3-8-10 tsaba suna cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Sanya mai laushi na Berry da siffar yayi kama da tumatir. Weighta weightan itace daga 100 zuwa 500 g. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su da astringent, ɗanɗano mai ɗaci, saboda babban abun ciki na tannins. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun girma a cikin Oktoba Nuwamba-Nuwamba, sun kasance akan itacen bayan sun faɗi ganye. Yana bayan daskarewa ne 'ya'yan itatuwa suka sami dandano mai daɗin da ba daidai ba.
Itace Persimmon tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
A ina ne za'a iya girma jituwa? Bukatun Persimmon don yanayin girma
Persimmon, a cewar masu shayarwa, yana da nau'ikan sama da 725 kuma a cikin vivo yana girma a yankuna masu ƙarfi da wurare masu zafi na ƙasashe daban-daban. A wasu yankuna, ana iya yin jaka da jayayya a cikin fili da rufewa, samar da yanayi wanda ya dace da bukatun sa. Idan ka yanke shawarar yin ƙoƙarin haɓaka jituwa a cikin gidanku a cikin ƙasa ko a gida, a hankali karanta buƙatun wannan al'adar don yanayin muhalli da dabarun narkar da aikin gona.
Yanayin zafi
Persimmon yana buƙatar zafi mai yawa da rana. Sabili da haka, kafin yanke shawara a cikin wane yanayi don shuka amfanin gona, tabbatar da gano ƙimar yanayin zafi mai aiki da tsawon lokacin hasken rana (ranakun rana a lokacin girma) a yankin ku daga kundin adireshi. Yakamata su zama ba ƙasa da + 3000 ° С da 2000 hours a shekara. A irin waɗannan yanayin zafi, ana iya girma a tsaye a ƙasa.
A tashar da ta fi kusa, sananne tare da halayen yanayin yanayin wurin zama: yawan ranakun rani, ruwan sama, ƙarar zazzabi da damuna da damuna, da sauran alamu. Ka tuna cewa juriya na iya tsayayya da iska. Duba ko alamu sun dace da yanayin ƙarfin magana. Tare da sauran manuniya - zaku iya shuka shuki a cikin gidajen katako tare da dumama mai dumu-dumu da hasken rana, a cikin katako ko a gida.
A lokacin girma, jimirin yana ci gaba sosai a yanayin zafi na + 25 ... + 28-30 ° С. Yana son yanayin rana, amma ba tare da bushe iska ba. A irin waɗannan ranakun, itaciyar tana buƙatar fesawa da ruwa mai tsabta don ƙirƙirar microclimate mai narkewa (ban da lokacin furanni).
A cikin hunturu, tushen tsarin yana tsayayya da daskararru na -6 ... -8 ° C. Varietiesaukan sanyi masu tsaurin sanyi suna tsayayya da yanayin zafi a cikin -16 ... -18 ° C. Tare da ƙarin raguwa (-19 ... -20 ° C), shekara-shekara da kuma rabin ci gaban shekaru biyu na daskarewa. Wasu nau'ikan sanyi masu tsaurin sanyi suna iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi -25 ... -27 ° C, amma ana yin kambi mai ƙwanƙwasa koyaushe.
Ya kamata a lura cewa saukad da kaifi a cikin zazzabi zuwa -9 ° C, musamman a ƙarshen kaka (Nuwamba), na iya haifar da dusar ƙanƙara a kan matasa matasa. Tare da irin wannan rutsi na yanayin, dole ne a rufe ƙananan ƙwayoyin matasa a farkon shekarun.
A cikin yankuna inda yanayin hunturu ba ya fadi a ƙasa -5 ... -8 ° C, ana iya girma jaka ba tare da mafaka ta hunturu ba. A wasu yankuna, har ma da nau'ikan sanyi wadanda zasu iya jinkirin hunturu. Don mafaka, zaka iya amfani da kowane sutura, amma numfashi, kayan abu: agrofiber, reeds, reshen spruce, da dai sauransu.
Itace Persimmon.
Hasken Persimmon
Persimmons yana da tsawon lokacin ciyayi, amma ingantaccen zazzabi daya bai isa ba don ci gaban al'ada. Ana buƙatar hasken wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci. Sabili da haka, don narkar da ƙasa a sarari, an zaɓi wuraren da ke da hasken rana waɗanda aka rufe daga iska da zane-zane. Wasu lambu suna tsunduma cikin jinkiri na dogon lokaci suna bada shawarar dasa shi akan bangon gidan, ta haka ne ya samar da kariya ta halitta.
Yawan kwanakin rana tare da isasshen yanayin zafi yana da matukar mahimmanci ga wannan amfanin gona. Tare da rashin hasken rana mai haske, kambi mai ƙyalli yakan zama mai rauni, 'ya'yan itaciyar suna ƙarami, da wuri.
Misali: a Yankin Moscow, rana da zafi ba su isa ciyayi ba. A wannan yankin, zai ci gaba a cikin kullun a cikin yanayin wani yanki mai tsananin zafi, lambun gida, da greenhouse.
Bukatun ƙasa na Persimmon
Mafi kyawun ƙasa don juriya shine chernozems (har ma loamy, tare da kyakkyawan malalewa) gandun daji, turf. Ba ya yarda da al'adun fadama, ruwan gishiri, soasa ta carbonate. Bai yi girma ba akan tsiro, kuma idan aka girma akan ƙasa mai yashi, yana buƙatar ƙara adadin humus, takin da ya girma da sauran abubuwan da zasu ƙara ƙarfin danshi.
Danshi bukatun
A karkashin yanayi na yanayi, jimlar na buƙatar 900-1200 mm hazo kowace shekara don haɓakawa da haɓaka, shine, ban ruwa ya zama dole idan akwai yanayin bushewa mai tsawo. Don haka, a cikin ƙasa na Krasnodar kusan milimita 700 na digo yana faɗuwa kowace shekara, wanda a fili bai isa ga wannan amfanin gona ba. Tare da ban ruwa mai kyau, jimlar saurin jure yanayin bushewar iska a hankali da kuma amsar gaskiya ga finearin feshin shara. A kasar gona ya kamata m, ba tare da stagnation na ruwa a cikin yankin na tushen tsarin.
Persimmon seedlingIri da nau'ikan jimloli don namo waje
Duk da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da suka girma a yanayi na dabi'a, ana amfani da nau'ikan ukun ne cikin girma.
- Persimmon Caucasian, ko Persimmon (Diospyros lotus),
- Budurwar Persimmon (Diospyros budurwa),
- Gabashin Persimmon (Diospyros kaki).
Dangane da Caucasian da Budurwa, waɗanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman hannun jari, ana samun wahalar ƙarfi tare da karuwar juriya na sanyi da 'ya'yan itatuwa, wanda aka kwatanta da ƙara nauyi, zaƙi da kuma rashin astringency.
Persimmon Caucasian, ko talakawa na Persimmon
An rarraba al'adun musamman a Sin da Japan. A Rasha da CIS, jumhuriyar Caucasian ta mamaye manyan yankuna a cikin Crimea da Transcaucasia. Tsawon bishiyoyi yakai 5-18 m, ana rarrabe shi da ƙyalli da ƙyalƙyali. Fushin juriya yanayi ne. Tushen yana tsayayya da sanyi na -10 ... -12 ° C, da kambi -22 ... -24 ° C. Wadannan yanayin zafi iyakar sanyi ne na mata.
Babu tsiro, hakanan ba ya yin harbe-harbe idan aka yi amfani da shi cikin hannun jari. Ana amfani dasu galibi azaman jari don gabashin gabas. Seedlings a kan Caucasian rootstock yi haƙuri dasawa da kyau, fari m, undemanding ga kasa.
Budurwar Persimmon
Homelandasar Virginia ta zama ta ƙarshe a matsayin Kudancin Arewacin Amurka. Bishiyoyi ba su wuce mita ashirin ba ga tsayi, suna da kyakkyawar juriya ga sanyi.
Persimmon Virgin - ingantaccen jari. Tushen tushen yana tsayayya da frosts ƙasa zuwa -15 ° C, kambi - har zuwa-35 ° C. Waɗannan kaddarorin suna ba da izinin haɓaka nau'ikan haɓaka zuwa wuraren da ke da sanyi. Haka kuma, ba su tsoron hunturu thaws. Seedlings ci gaba da kyau a kan nauyi loam da yashi loam, waterlogged kasa, amma sun kasance wuya a yi haƙuri da dashi, saboda samuwar rauni sanda asalinsu. Itatuwan Persimmon akan wannan tsiro basu da wadatuwa akan na Caucasian daya kuma suna samar da wadataccen mai da yawa.
Cigaban nau'ikan budurwa juriya, wanda a Amurka ake kira Persimmons. A cikin Rasha, an samar da wata matattara mai rikitarwa tare da juriya ta gabas, wanda ake kira matar Rasha da kuma nau'in Nikitsky burgundy, wanda biyun ke da juriya na sanyi -25 da -30 ° C. Matar Rasha a cikin shekaru 2 ta kawo amfanin gona na farko. Yana girma sosai a Transcarpathia. Daga cikin sababbin iri, nau'in Belogorye yana da tsananin sanyi.
Gabashin Persimmon
Har ila yau ana kiran Persimmon Eastern da Jafananci. Itatuwa masu rarrafe tare da rawanin sako, ana saninsa da haɓaka mai sauri. A Rasha, jigon ya girma a cikin ƙasa ta Krasnodar, Sochi, Sukhumi.
A halin yanzu, fiye da nau'ikan 1000 da nau'ikan hatsi tare da dandano daban-daban da halaye na tattalin arziki an haɓaka su akan tushen gabas. Ariananan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan nau'in sune don amfanin gonar lambu. Al'adar tana da girma, mai daɗi, fruitsa fruitsan itace mai daɗi sosai, nau'in nau'ikan ya bambanta daga zagaye zuwa zagaye mai zagaye, da launi - daga launin ruwan hoda-orange zuwa duhu mai duhu. Itatuwan Persimmon na gabas da na dioecious. Furannin furanni suna da guda ɗaya, babba, mai launin shuɗi-fari mai launi tare da filayen ruwan fure. Furanni na maza sun fi ƙanana sosai. Furanni na Bisexual yawanci suna cikin rukuni biyu na furanni 2-4, suna yin yankuna kan ci gaban na yanzu. Gabas ta gabas a karo na biyu na watan Mayu - farkon watan Yuni, masu lalata da ƙudan zuma sun kamu da shi.
Yawancin nau'ikan jigon gabas na jure hunturu har zuwa -15 ° С. Suna girma jimiri a kowane yanki inda yanayin damina yake da ƙarancin amfanin gona (duba buƙatun Persimmon don yanayin girma).
Matashi persimmon bishi tare da 'ya'yan itatuwaIri iri na Persimmon
Iri iri na Persimmon tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara
Irin nau'in Persimmon tare da nama mai laushi wanda ba ya canza launi yayin rakewa da adanawa sun hada da: Giro, Krymchanka 55, Nakhodka, Kiara, Meotsu saukune, Mishirazu, Fuyu, karni na Ashirin, Korolek, Crimean, Madalla, Mallaka, Sharon, Zinare, Fata , Gypsy, Harvest, Eastern, Chianume, Ukrainian, Dawn, Dawn, Chocolate da sauransu. 'Ya'yan itacen suna samun dandano mai ɗanɗano na ɓangaren litattafan almara bayan bayyanar halayyar launuka iri-iri a kansu, koda kuwa dabbar da kanta take.
Iri iri na Persimmon tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara tart
An samo wadatattun nau'ikan Tanenashi da Khachia daga Rusyan Rashawa. Sydles tare da nama mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, mai matsakaici, Zorka-187 tare da kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa mara laushi. Zasu ci gaba da zama har zuwa lokacin tsufa na ilimin halitta kuma suna samun zaƙi bayan kammala yanayin rayuwa da balagagge ko daskarewa. Baya ga abubuwan da ke sama, waɗannan sun haɗa da Gosho, Soyo, Tsuru, Kostat, Adreula, Emon, Aizu Mishirazu, Mafarki, Novelty, Nikitsky burgundy, Meader, John Rick, Weber, Souvenir na yamma, tsohuwar ƙarni, Varying, Autumn na Golden, Izobilnaya, Yalta, , Dandalin masoya, Crane, Adjara.
Iri iri na Persimmon tare da karuwar juriya
Irin nau'in Persimmon tare da karuwar juriya sanyi, wanda aka fi sani tsakanin yan lambu na Crimea da yankuna na kudanci, wasu yankuna na tsakiyar hanya inda za'a iya girma haɓaka a cikin ƙasa ba tare da mafaka ba kuma tare da tsari, sun haɗa da Rossiyanka, Goverla Gora da Gora Roman-Kosh, Vostochnaya, Virgininskaya, Kavkazskaya , Meader, Korolek, Nikitsky burgundy, Zinare, Souvenir na yamma, Nemo, Dawn, Crimean, Nikitsky burgundy, Kyawun Kudancin, Autar Zinare. Suna da ikon jure rashin lokacin sanyi har zuwa -20 ... -30 ° С.
Iri iri na Persimmon ta hanyar balaga
A cikin kewayen birni, ya fi kyau a shuka farkon nau'ikan tsofaffin manya da kanana.
- Matsanancin-farkon: Yukiren, yalwa, Yankin-Tsuru. A 'ya'yan itatuwa suna shirye don girbi a ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon Satumba.
- Da wuri: Sputnik, Hyakume, Chocolate, Alamar fata, Zinare, Kyawun Kudancin. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu girbe a cikin shekaru biyu na 2 - 3 na Satumba.
- Matsakaici: Kudu Coast, Batumi II, Tempting, Dawn, Dawn, Khachia, Autumn Souvenir, Mafarki, Crane, Kuro-Kuma, Galey, Pollinator-48. 'Ya'yan itãcen an girbe su a watan Oktoba.
Yawan nau'in jigon da aka ambata a sama ana cika su kowace shekara tare da ƙarin zamani, tare da ingantattun kaddarorin tattalin arziki. Amma kuna buƙatar tunawa: tsofaffi iri-iri, da kwanciyar hankali yana tsayayya da sanyi, fari, hazo da sauran tsawan yanayi. Saboda haka, don haɓaka a cikin ƙasar, yana da kyau ka sayi nau'ikan da aka tabbatar da iri.
Budurwa Persimmon Sapling.
Hanyoyin hangen nesa na juriya
Daga nau'ikan da ke sama, zamu iya bambance ƙungiyar mafi yawan alƙawarin don haɓakar bazara: Golden, Autumn Souvenir, Nakhodka, Zorka, Krymchanka, Kyawawan Kudancin, Rashanci, Nikitsky Burgundy, Pollinator-48, Gwaji, Mafarki, Alamar, Autar Zinare.
Lokacin da zaɓar nau'in nau'in adali don girma a cikin ƙasa, tabbatar da sanin kanka da nau'in nau'in yankin da aka sa a gaba. Sanya sunayensu da gajeren bayaninsu a cikin rubutaccen lambun ka.
Zamani na dasa shuki na tsawon shekaru
A cikin yankuna na kudanci tare da farkon bazara mai zafi da rana mai haske mai bushewa, ana bada shawarar dasa bishiyoyi don dasa shuki a cikin kaka. Tsawon lokaci mai ɗorewa zai ba da damar ɗan itacen ya ɗauki tushen kuma ya daidaita da sabon yanayin, kuma a farkon haɓakar bazara na tushen tushensu zai fara. A cikin yanki mai sanyi, ana shuka tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire a cikin bazara. A wannan yanayin, dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai sanyin adalci (+ 14-15 ° C) zai ba da gudummawa ga ingantacciyar haɓaka tsarin tushen, kuma yanayin dumin yanayi (+ 18 ... + 20-22 ° C) zai tabbatar da ci gaban ɓangaren tsire-tsire.
An sayi tsire-tsire na Persimmon don dasa shuki a farkon shekarun goma na uku na Oktoba - shekaru goma na farko na Nuwamba a cikin shaguna na musamman ko kamfanonin. A wannan lokacin, itacen seedling yana da lokaci don yayi girma. A seedling tare da katako itace yana da brownish haushi. Ba za a saya Persimmon seedlings tare da haushi na greenish ba. Ba za su jimre lokacin sanyi ba har su mutu. Bayan dasa kaka, ana buƙatar samun kariya daga seedlingsan sanyi daga sanyi kuma a kiyaye shi daga ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi.Furucin haƙuri na al'ada yana ƙaruwa tare da shekaru. Sabili da haka, a cikin shekaru 3-4 na farko, har ma da nau'in sanyi mai jinkiri yana buƙatar mafaka.
Don dasa shuki, ciyaman da aka sayo a cikin kaka ana haƙa su kuma a cikin bazara a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Maris - farkon farkon Afrilu ana shuka su a cikin dindindin. Reliablearin tabbataccen dasa kwanakin dogara ne da yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa a cikin tushe.
Zai fi kyau sayi seedlings 2-3, ɗayan wanda ya kamata ya kasance mai pollinator (nau'in maza). Zaka iya zaɓar nau'in-kai ko mace iri, yi 'yan seedlings 2 tare da rashin sararin samaniya, wanda ya dace da dasa shuki. Ka tuna cewa juriya suna haifar da mace mai saurin haihuwa da kuma wasu nau'ikan maza. Tare da giciye-pollination, manyan-yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ƙaruwa da fruitsananan fruitsa can murƙushe kan aiwatar da bunƙasa.
Persimmon seedling da kariya daga rodentsDokoki don dasa juriya a fili.
Gabaɗaya, dasa shuki da kula da jimlolin ana aiwatar da su a cikin hanyar guda ɗaya kamar na apples, peaches. An shirya rami rami a gaba, na masu girma dabam. Yawanci, girmansa shine 40-60x40 - 60x40-60 cm. Nisa tsakanin filin shuka, ya danganta da nau'ikan da za'a sa a gaba, aƙalla ya kai 4-5-6. Girma na ƙarshe na ramin dasawa an shirya shi ne kafin dasa, gwargwadon girman tushen ƙwayar seedling. Zurfin ya dogara da nau'in ƙasa. Idan ya zama dole don shigar da magudanar ruwa ko gabatar da dimbin humus, yashi, zurfin ramin ya karu zuwa 60-80 cm. A kasan, magudanar ruwa ta yi da tsakuwa, tubalin da ya fashe, karafa 15-20 cm babba, musamman idan ruwan karkashin kasa yana kusa da doron kasa ko turbaya da yana barin ruwa ya wuce a hankali.
Kwana guda kafin shuka, jigon jigon tsiron ɗan gajeren tushe ya yanke tushen kuma ya datse mai juzu'i zuwa cm 80-90. Tushen yana tsalle a cikin tushen tushen ko zircon, wani irin magani. Soilasa daga cikin ramin an haɗe shi da buhun 1 na 2 na humus ko takin da ya girma. Aara gilashin nitroammophoski, zaku iya kemira. An cakuda cakuda sosai kuma an tura wani sashi daga cikin zamewar a cikin ramin. An sanya goyan baya a tsakiyar, musamman zai zama katako, wanda za'a dasa seedling wanda za'a ɗaure shi da kayan shakatawa mai taushi ta hanyar takwas.
An saita safarar Persimmon a tsakiyar tudun ƙasa a cikin rami. Suna daidaita tushen akan tudun kuma suna cika cakuda ƙasa a tsakiya. Matsi da sauƙi tare da hannuwanku kuma ku zuba guga na ruwa a cikin rana. Cika ragowar ƙasa.
A ƙarshen dasa, tushen wuyansa ya kamata ya zama a matakin ƙasa, wanda ke nufin cewa alurar rigakafin zai kasance mafi girma. A kusa da wata bishiyar bishiyar giyan da aka dasa a gefen dutse (a baki) ana zuba 5-6 cm tsayi, kimanin m 1 a diamita wanda ya sa ruwan ba ya yadu a kan farfajiyar ƙasa kuma yana yin ƙasa a cikin rami na dasa shuki. Zuba ruwa a ruwa 3-4. Bayan sha ruwa, ƙasa kusa da seedling an mulched. An cire weeds a lokacin girma. A kasar gona kusa da seedling ya kamata kullum sako-sako da kuma mulched.
Itace Persimmon gabas shekara 7.
Kula da Persimmon na waje
Persimmon rawanin zai fara shekara ta gaba bayan dasa. Tsawon gemun itace 50-60 cm. An kafa kambi ta tsarin tsalle-tsalle ko a cikin kwano, wanda ke ba da damar rage girman itacen: wannan yana da matukar muhimmanci ga mafaka lokacin hunturu (idan ya cancanta) da girbi.
Watse
Persimmons galibi suna girma cikin dumi, wanda ke nufin, a matsayin mai mulkin, yankunan m. Ana amfani da Persimmon a matsayin amfanin gona mai ban ruwa. A cikin shekarar farko, ana yin ruwa sau 3 a wata (ba tare da ambaliyar ruwa ba). Tare da shekaru, adadinsu ya ragu zuwa 3 - sau 4 a cikin lokacin girma, gami da cajin kaka kafin lokacin hunturu. Idan shekara tana da wadataccen ruwan sama, ba a shawo kan wahalar ruwa ba.
Taki Persimmon
Mafi kyawun takin don jurewa shine kwayoyin. Ya danganta da shekaru, daga 0.5 zuwa 2 - 3 buckets na humus ana amfani da su a ƙarƙashin bishiya ɗaya a cikin bazara sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3-4. Daga takin ma'adinai, shekara guda bayan haka, a cikin bazara, ana amfani da cikakken ma'adinin ma'adinai (nitrophosphate, kemir, da sauransu) a ƙarƙashin itacen. Kafin fure, kyakkyawan sakamako yana ba da gabatarwar 1-2 tabarau na ash. Ana amfani da takin gargajiya a cikin tsagi na musamman a kusa da kambi ko a cikin ramuka'in da aka haƙa, an rufe su kuma ana shayar dasu. Kyakkyawan sakamako a kan jikewa na kasar gona tare da abubuwan da ake buƙata na jiki ana bayar da su ta hanyar amfanin gona na hunturu hunturu na ciyawar kore. A cikin bazara, ƙoƙarin kada ku cutar da tushen, an saka su cikin ƙasa sosai.
Kariyar Persimmon daga kwari da cututtuka
Mafi sau da yawa, jigon wahalar yana shafar scab. Don kariya, spraying kambi tare da 1% Bordeaux ruwa ana amfani dashi a cikin matakai na leafing, budding da taro samuwar ovaries. Daga wasu cututtuka, launin toka ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, yana haifar da zubar da yawa daga ƙwayoyin kwayoyi, da mildew mai ƙarfi. A karkashin yanayin yanayin illa, mahaukaci sun bayyana a kan rassan, haushi da mai tushe, harbe, ta hanyar abin da kamuwa da cutar kansa na faruwa, wanda ke haifar da haifar da jijiyoyi da mutuwar tsirrai.
Daga cikin sauran cututtukan fungal, na cikin iska wanda ya shafi ganyayen ganye da harbe-harbe, da fusarium. Imwaƙar ƙwayar cuta ta shafi Persimmon. Cutar da aka manta da ita tana shafan har ma da tushen tsiron. A cikin karamin lambu, yana da kyau a yi amfani da samfuran halittu (phytosporin, mucosan, haupsin, trichodermin, glyocladin, planriz, da dai sauransu) don kare lafiyar mutum da dabba daga cututtuka. A cikin dukkan halayen, yakamata a yi amfani da biologics kawai bisa ga shawarwarin. Canji mai zaman kanta a cikin tattarawar mafita baya bada tasirin da ake tsammani ba.
Daga cikin kwari na kwari na kwari, ƙura mai ƙanshi ne na yau da kullun, ƙanshi mai ƙanshi itace, itaciyar mealybug bakin teku. Tare da babban adadin kwari karin yawa bishiyar, lalata mai cutarwa gabobin da matasa harbe. A lokaci mai tsawo, suna haifar da rushewar ganyayyaki da ƙwai, suna haifar da yanayi don kamuwa da cuta na 'yan kumburi ("baƙar fata"), wanda, rufe gabobin tsire-tsire tare da fim ɗin baki mai yawa, yana kawo cikas ga tafiyar matakai. Itace a cikin rashin kula da kamuwa da cuta na iya mutuwa.
Ikon kwari, kamar cututtuka, lokacin da haɓaka ƙarancin yanayi a cikin ɗakunan rani, ya fi dacewa da samfuran halitta ta amfani da bicol, boverin, actophyte, acarin. Kayan samfuran halitta na 2 na ƙarshe suna tasiri akan tsutsa, amma lokacin da aka sarrafa shi cikin yanayin dumi (+ 18 ... + 28 ° C). Idan itacen ya kamu da mummunar tsutsa, to, a cikin lokaci na toho kuma ba ya wuce kwanaki 30-40 kafin girbi, zaku iya amfani dashi don fesa wani sinadaran shiri (wanda ba a so a cikin ƙasar) confidor-extra. A cewar masu lambu, yadda yake lalata tsutsotsi.
Daga cikin nazarin halittu tare da matakai na biyu game da kwari a kan jimlar, zaka iya amfani da haupsin, wanda ke lalata ba kawai cututtukan fungal ba, har ma da yawa karin kwari.
Girman jimirin girbi.
Girbi da adanar juriya
Tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa da hannu, a hankali don kada ku cutar da kwasfa mai laushi. Farkon tarin an ƙaddara shi da launi daga cikin 'ya'yan itacen halayyar iri-iri. Adana amfanin gona a cikin kwanduna da akwakun. Don tsawanta da yawan zafin rai, an adana shi a zazzabi 0 ... -1 ° C. Tsawon ajiya yana zuwa watanni 3. Persimmon mai laushi ga taɓawa ya shirya don amfani, asirinsa ba zai zama astringent ba. Hanya mafi kyau don adana jinkiri shine daskarewa a cikin shagunan sanyi. Saurin daskarewa yakan riƙe dukkan alamu na ingancin 'ya'yan itacen. A lokaci guda, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari sun zama masu daɗi, asirinsu ya shuɗe. Rayuwar shiryayye yana tsawaita zuwa watanni 6.
