Abokin gaba da kayan sarki

"Sulaiman a cikin dukkan ɗaukakarsa bai yi ado ba kamar ɗayansu."

Margarita Filippovna Kireeva sananne ne ga kowane mai ƙaunar son kai na lili. Kyaututtukanta sun lashe kyaututtuka a babbar Expo 90 a Japan, suna toshe cikin bel ɗin Yaren mutanen Holland. Kyakkyawan ƙauna don furen lilin ta shimfida ko'ina rayuwarta. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa ba, ta san yadda ake tsara abubuwan ban sha'awa da kuma rubuta kyawawan ayoyi ...

Lily ta riga tayi nisa daga zurfin ƙarni kafin ta sami wuri mai dacewa a cikin lambunan mu. Farkon sananniyar itace ruwan dusar ƙanƙara-fari (fari, filium), wanda kuma ake kira Lily na Madonna. An yi mata ado da haikalin, zane-zane da hotunan gumonographic na Budurwa Maryamu. Dusar ƙanƙara mai-dusar ƙanƙara a daji a cikin ƙasashen tekun Bahar Rum. A cikin encyclopedia mai littafi wanda aka buga a 1891, ana maganar lily: "Meadow na Falasdinu cike yake da tsire-tsire masu ƙanshi iri iri masu kyau". Halin da ke Tsakiyar Rasha don kyakkyawa na kudanci ya yi tsauri, don haka a nan ita wata yar ƙarama ce, amma a cikin wasu yankuna na kudanci - Arewacin Caucasus da yankin Krasnodar Territory suna kulawa da kyau.

Lily Asiatic Hybrid

© gailf548

A kan nahiyoyi daban-daban, an samo nau'ikan furannin fure, da bambancin fuska da "halaye", waɗanda suka fito daga furannin furanni masu ban sha'awa na Gabas (l. Kyau, l. Zinare), suna ƙare tare da sassauƙanci amma babu ƙarancin furannin furanni na Far East, Siberia da Kanada (l. brindle, l. drooping, l. Kanad, da sauransu).

Effortsoƙarin dogon lokaci na shayarwa ya haifar da ƙirƙirar ƙarancin furannin fure, don haɓaka shahararsu a duniya. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan sama da 100 da kusan nau'ikan 5,000 da ke kunshe a cikin Babban Lily na Duniya. Tsarin kasa da kasa ya bunkasa. An kafa Cibiyar Rajistar Ra'ayoyi iri-iri a Landan.

Mafi yawan hunturu-Hardy kuma mai sauƙi a cikin al'ada, hybrids na Asiya. Tubular ba ƙasa-hunturu ba kuma mai wuya ne a ƙasa, amma suna jan hankalin mutane da tsarkakakku da kamannin furen da ƙanshi mai ban mamaki. Ainihin, waɗannan rukunoni biyu na lili, amma tare da fa'idar Asiatic, kuma sun bazu cikin lambunanmu. Tabbas, wasu kungiyoyi suna samun wuri a cikinsu, musamman Gabas, Amurka, Euro-Caucasian hybrids, suna jaraba tare da nuna damuwa, amma suna buƙatar ƙara kulawa da kulawa ta musamman, kuma sau da yawa - ƙirƙirar microclimate a ƙarƙashin fim ko gilashi, har ma da shirye-shiryen ƙasa na musamman. .

Lily Snow-White Hybrid (Lily Candidum Hybrid)

Hybridabilar Asiya tana da nauyin tsananin hunturu ga ainihin asalin da ke tsiro a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na Siberiya da Gabas mai nisa - damisa, Daurian, ganye, Sakhalin da sauransu. Thewanƙolin filawarsu a cikin ƙasa ta buɗe a farkon rabin Yuli, lokacin da akwai 'yan tsiro na fure a cikin lambun: "Tulips sun ƙare, peonies masu taushi sun jefa kayan adonsu na bazara; lokacin rani ya zo, kuma a cikin lambun kore, furannin fure suna ta bushewa."

Ba su da bambanci a yankan. Kyakkyawan kyau a kan bangon bishiyoyi da kore lawns cikin rukuni ko labule. Musamman abubuwan ban mamaki sune nau'ikan su tare da shuɗi, ruwan lemo da jan furanni kusa da shudi mai launin shuɗi, da shuɗi, da shuɗi, da kowane furanni fari.

A cikin Rasha, a karo na farko, aikin kiwo tare da furannin fure ya fara a ƙarshen karni na karshe I.V.Michurin, wanda ya kirkirar almara Fialkova. A cikin Kwalejin Bincike na Duk-Rasha. I.V.Michurina, marubucin labarin, kazalika da N.V. Ivanova, N.G. Korshikova, V.V. Martynova sun kirkiro nau'ikan nau'ikan 100 da nau'ikan halittu. Waɗannan tsire-tsire ne da ke da bambancin launi, siffar furanni da inflorescences, tsayi, lokacin fure da sauran halaye, sun dace da girma a cikin ƙasa mai buɗe da kariya a cikin Rasha.

Lily Curly Hybrid, Lily Martagon Hybrid

Anan ne shekarun da suka gabata na nau'ikan gwaji, kiwon VNIIS gare su. I.V.Michurina:

reds - Kalinka, Sibiryachka, Irony, Oriental Tale, Cherry, Bulgaria, Camilla;
rawaya - Volkhov, Yellow Bird, Oriole, Relay; orange - Polyushko, Annushka;
ruwan hoda da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda - Pink Seagull, Pink Michurinsky, 'yar Iolanta, Carousel, Ophelia, Rufina, Pink Fantasy, Rotunda, Ksenia, Julia;
apricot da orange - Mlada, Instant, Radiant, Radiant, Lionella, Scherzo, Euphoria;
fari da kirim - Alibi, Da safe, Da Ruwan Teku, Odette;
sautin biyu - Virine, Michurin Ode, Emblem.

A cikin 1997, an nuna nau'ikan Raspberry da Morning Misty a cikin gwaji na jihar tare da launuka masu dacewa da suna.

Yawancin nau'ikan gida suna bulbous, wato, suna da rassa akan mai tushe (kwararan fitila), don haka za'a iya yadu dasu cikin sauƙi da sauri.

Kwanan nan, hankalin masoya na lili ya jawo hankalin "alamomin goga" - hybridan asalin Amurka tare da asalin sifa ta asali a gindin kowane fure. Fassarar zahiri "Alamar burushi" tana nufin "bugun ƙwarya". A cikin fassarar kyauta, wannan na iya sauti a cikin Rashanci kamar "fentin." Lallai taurari masu fure na fure suna kama da fenti tare da buroshi. Ta amfani da nau'in Wangard, ɗayan na farkon “brashmark” na Amurka, kamar farkon farawa, mun sami nau'ikan nau'ikan “fenti”, waɗanda ba za a iya samunsa nan da nan ba.

Lily Long-flowered matasan (Lily Candidum Hybrid)

Tsarin Kasa da Kasa na Lilies na Hybrid

Sashe Na I

Hybrids na Asiya (The Hybrids Asiatic): Waɗannan sune nau'ikan da yawa. Sauki irin, unpreentious, sanyi-resistant. Fi son sako-sako da, m ƙasa. Furannin furanni yawanci basu da kamshi, tare da nasihar kusan 12cm. Dasa don 4-5th shekara.

Kashi na II

Hyly Hybrids, Martagon Hybrids: Rashin daidaituwa, nau'in launuka masu tsaurin sanyi. Sun fi son girma a cikin inuwa m ko cikin inuwa; girma zuwa 150cm. Furen fure yana chalmoid tare da petals mai kararrawa.

Kashi na III

Snow-white hybrids, Candidum Hybrids: Tsayinsa ya kai 150cm. tare da fararen m-mai kararrawa-mai siffa kararrawa, m furanni har zuwa 10cm. a diamita. Akwai kusan iri 30. Sun yi rana, ana buƙatar tsari mai kyau don hunturu. Kada a yi haƙuri da ƙasa mai acidic.

Sashe Na III

Kayan Jiki na Amurka: Tsayin 120cm. M furanni tare da na asali manyan aibobi. Sun fi son dan kadan acidic, m, kasa-drained kasa. An yi haƙuri da juyawa sosai. Hardness na hunturu yana da rauni.

Sashe na V

Shekaru masu tsayi-tsaka-tsaka mai tsayi (Tsakanin tsayi na Longiflorum): Har zuwa 120cm tsayi. Very thermophilic da mai saukin kamuwa da cutar hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Da yawa girma a cikin greenhouses for yankan for sale.

Sashe na VI

Tubular da Orleans hybrids (Tsarin Trump): Har zuwa 130cm tsayi. Suna da ƙanshin ƙarfi. Fi son dan kadan alkaline kasa, tsari ake bukata domin hunturu. Don mafi kyawun hunturu, rage ruwa a cikin kaka.

Sashe na VII

Beelar Gabas: Furannin furanni har zuwa 30cm. a diamita. Sun fi son sako-sako da, kasa mai rauni acidic m kasa. Fushin sanyi yana da rauni, saboda haka tsari ya zama dole (mulching tare da humus humus har zuwa 7 cm. Ko kuma ganye ya faɗi har zuwa 20 cm.). An gabatar da miya babba a hankali tare da shayarwa.

Sashe na VIII

LA-Hybrids (LA-Hybrids) - Hardy-hunturu, hoto. Amfani da shi musamman na shekara shekara distillation a cikin greenhouses.
OT-Hybrids (OT-Hybrids) - furanni masu kamshi sosai har zuwa 25cm. a diamita. Anyi amfani da shi don distillation
LO-Hybrids - Furanni suna da kamshi sosai. Don hunturu, tono kwararan fitila.
OA Hybrids (OA-Hybrids) - sabon rukuni ne mai cike da ban sha'awa, wanda aka samu ta hanyar tsallake Gabas (Gabas) da Asiya (Aziatic).

Sashe na IX

Tsarin furanni iri-iri (daji) da ire-irensu: An ƙirƙiri rabuwa daban don su.

Lily Tubular Hybrid - Orleans Hybrid (Lily Trumpet Hybrid)

Girma

Lokacin tara lilin, yakamata a yi la'akari da bukatunsu da yawa game da ƙasa da yanayin damina. Ana shuka tsire-tsire na matasan Asiya na hunturu-rukuni a cikin rukuni ɗaya, kuma tubular hybrids a ɗayan, tunda ƙarshen ba sa son ƙasa mai acidic, kuma dole ne a rufe su don hunturu. Don saukowa har ma fiye da "capricious" Gabas ta gabas, an shirya mãkirci daban.

A cikin wuraren buɗe rana, Tubular da hybrids na Asiya suna girma da kyau, ƙarshen yana jure shading haske ma. Duk furannin suna mutu daga ruwa mai tsafta, saboda haka yankunan da ambaliyar ba ta dace da su ba.

Idan akai la'akari da cewa furannin fure sun kasance a wuri guda don shekaru 3-5, suna tono ƙasa sosai kafin dasa shuki da ƙari daga buhu 4 zuwa 10 (dangane da ƙimar ƙasa) na humus da 50-100 g na cakuda takin mai ƙasa ta 1 sq.m. Don hybrids na Asiya, yana da kyau don ƙara takin peat, don tubular furanni, rashin haƙuri na acid, yana da kyau don ƙara ash ash, abincin kashi ko lemun tsami 200-500 g a 1 sq.m. Tare da kyakkyawan farfadowa na dasa shuki, buƙatar kayan miya ta ɓace don shekaru 2-3.

A cikin yankin tsakiyar Rasha, ana yin dasa kwararan fitila a watan Satumba - da farkon Oktoba, amma dasa shuki ma zai yiwu. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya dasa furannin furanni a kowane lokaci na kakar, har ma a cikin buds, amma a lokaci guda ƙoƙarin adana curin ƙasa tare da asalinsu. Kwararan fitila kafin dasa shuki suna ɗayansu ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka ba da iznin abubuwan ɓoye ko ƙurar.

Yawan zurfin dasawa shine yawanci 12-30 cm kuma ya dogara da yanayin ƙasa, girman kwan fitila, kuma wani lokacin akan nau'in lily. Don haka, kuli mai dusar ƙanƙara-fari ba ya yarda da dasa zurfi, ganyayyakinsa suna girma daga saman kwan fitila. Kyakkyawan nesa tsakanin kwararan fitila shine 25-30 cm.

Ofaya daga cikin yanayin don nasarar narkar da furannin fure shine lokaci-lokaci zuwa sabon wuri. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kowane shekaru uku zuwa hudu, manyan tsiran kwararan fitila suna dug sama, kwararan kwararan kwararan fitila sun dasa su kuma a dasa guda a lokaci daya cikin sabo.

Ana iya yada tsiran tsiran Asiya ta hanyar kwararan fitila, yara, albasa, da kuma nau'ikan harsashi ta hanyar kwararan fitila. Ana cire buns a watan Agusta, lokacin da suka fara samun sauƙin raba daga tushe, kuma ana dasa su a cikin "makarantar" zuwa zurfin 2-3 cm kuma a nesa na cm cm daga juna. A cikin bazara, kuma wani lokacin a cikin bazara, suna shuka. A cikin shekarar farko, ana kirkiro da ganyayyaki na ganye, a na biyu ana kafa ganyayyaki na fure, ta kaka shine kwan fitila mai dacewa don dasa shuki a cikin dindindin. Don rage abin da ya faru a ƙarshen kakar, bayan rawaya ganye, an bushe tushe mai tushe kuma lalacewa.

Mafi kyawun yanayi don ci gaban furannin fure, mafi koshin lafiya da ƙoshin lafiyarsu, da saurin su tsufa kuma ya fi nishaɗar mu da fure mai girma.