Vanda (Vanda) tsirrai ne mai haɓaka daga iyalin Orchid. Wurin asalin Wanda za'a ɗauki shine yankuna masu zafi na Philippines na Indiya, China, Indonesia da Arewacin Ostiraliya.
Wanda yake maganin cututtukan jini wanda ke da tushen tushen iko. Tushen vanda mai launin toka-kore. Kowane tushe an rufe shi da kauri mai kauri na sel, wanda ya haifar da matattara mai mahimmanci don ɗaukar ruwa daga duka substrate da iska. Kari akan haka, wannan sashin sel wadanda suka mutu suna kare tushen sosai daga sakamakon zafin rana. Kara daga cikin vanda zai iya kaiwa kimanin mita 1 a tsayi. Ganye suna da elongated, bel-dimbin yawa, leathery da m zuwa ga tabawa. Launi na ganyayyaki ya bambanta daga kore zuwa kore tare da launin toka mai haske.
Ganyayyaki suna kusa da juna. A shuka Forms tsawon peduncles girma daga ganye sinuses. Kowane farfajiyar ya ƙunshi fure 15. A kan shuka daya, kafa daya zuwa hudu na iya yin kafa a lokaci guda. Yawan nau'ikan siffofi da tabarau na vanda suna da ban mamaki. Wadannan furanni masu ƙanshi na iya zama fari, rawaya, shunayya, ja, ruwan lemo, shuɗi-shuɗi da ire-irensu daban-daban. Furen furanni na Vanda suna da sifofin halayyar mutum: nan da nan bayan sun buɗe, zaku ga cewa launin fata ne kuma ƙarami ne. Amma bayan lokaci, furanni sun girma kuma zasu iya kaiwa girma girma, kuma zasu sami haske mai launi. Bloda orchid blooms na tsawon watanni 3. Mitar fure sau da yawa a shekara (dangane da yanayin tsare).
Wanda orchid yake kulawa a gida
Wuri da Haske
Orchid vanda shuka ce mai girma sosai. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa wurin da vanda zai kasance yakamata ya haskaka sosai, yakamata ya kasance yana da tsaftataccen iska. Windows ta kudu maso yamma ko kudu sun fi dacewa ga wanda. A lokacin bazara da bazara, Wanda ya bar ganye a tsakiyar rana yana buƙatar girgiza shi ta hanyar ƙona hasken rana. Awanni na hasken rana don vanda yakamata ya zama aƙalla awanni 12-15, a wannan yanayin ne tsiron zai girma sosai kuma yana daɗaɗa fure a duk shekara. A cikin hunturu, tare da ɗan gajeren hasken rana, yana da muhimmanci a yi amfani da ƙarin fitilar wucin gadi.
Zazzabi
Zazzabi a lokacin rana a lokacin bazara da bazara ya kamata ya zama kimanin digiri 20-25, da dare - ba ya wuce digiri 17. A cikin hunturu da damina, zafin rana yakamata kada ya kasance digiri 20-22, kuma da dare - kimanin digiri 14. Idan ana kiyaye shuka a cikin yanayi yayin da bambancin yanayin rana da na dare ya kusan digiri 8-10, to kuwa vanda zata yi daɗewa. An zaɓi yanayin tsarewa daban-daban don kowane nau'in vanda. Don haka nau'ikan shuɗi suna buƙatar zazzabi na hunturu na kimanin digiri 14.
Jin zafi
Jin zafi don kiyaye vanda yakamata ya zama akalla 60-70%. Iska mai bushewa zai sa Tushen da ganyen shuka su bushe, kuma buds na iya faɗuwa, ba tare da hurawa ba. Kowace rana kuna buƙatar fesa ganyen orchid tare da ruwan dumi, mai kariya.
A cikin hunturu, lokacin da iska ta bushe sosai daga kayan dumama, ban da fesawa, kuna buƙatar amfani da wasu hanyoyi na ƙasƙantar da iska (maɓallin kayan ado, kwantena tare da yashi ko rigar da aka faɗa). Amma babban zafi ya kamata ya tafi tare da kyawawan iska na cikin dakin, in ba haka ba inji na iya fuskantar cututtukan fungal.
Watse
A cikin bazara da bazara, vandas na buƙatar a hankali a kai a kai, amma tushen dole ne lokaci ya bushe. Hanyar ban ruwa ya dogara da ƙarfin vanda. Idan an haɗe shuka a cikin kwandunan da aka gutsure ko a jikin wata itaciya, to, kuna buƙatar shayar da shi ta hanyar ɗiban ruwan a cikin ruwan dumi na minti 20-30 Hakanan zaka iya amfani da ruwan sama mai dumi. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ruwa kada ya faɗi akan ganyayyaki, in ba haka ba zasu iya juyawa da sauri. Sauƙi tsakanin maɓallin ya kamata ya sami lokacin bushewa, in ba haka ba Tushen zai fara jujjuyawa, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar fure.
A cikin hunturu, vanda yana hutawa, saboda haka yana iya yin ba tare da matsaloli ba tare da shayarwa na kwanaki 5-7. A wannan lokacin, dukkanin matakai na rayuwa a cikin shuka suna raguwa, saboda haka baya buƙatar matse ruwa akai-akai. Yanayin zafin jiki na ruwa don ban ruwa ya kamata ya zama mai zafi (digiri 30-50).
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Kuna buƙatar takin vanda tare da kowane ruwa a cikin shekara. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin zamani na orchids kuma a tsarma shi cikin 1/8 na maida hankali da aka nuna a cikin umarnin kan kunshin. Tushen miya na iya canzawa tare da foliar ta hanyar feshin ganye. Wannan zai taimaka wajen hana salishen tushen tsarin tsiron.
Hanyar Abun ciki
A gida, ingantaccen yanayin kiyaye Vanda ita ce matsayin dakatar da ita. A wannan yanayin, Tushen kada ta kasance a cikin substrate. Don gyara vandas yi amfani da tukwanen filastik da kwandunan wicker.
A yau, fiye da sau da yawa zaka iya ganin abun da ke cikin vanda a cikin gilashin gilashi. A cikin wataon fata, dole ne a haɗa da vanda a cikin tallafi, kuma tushen ya rataye ta kyauta. A kasan gilashin fure yakamata ya ƙunshi Layer daskarar yashi ko laka da aka faɗaɗa, wanda zai ciyar da shuka da danshi. Kusan rabin Tushen ya kamata ya zama saman itacen kaskon.
Hakanan, tare da nasara, ana iya girma vandu a cikin tukunyar filastik tare da maɓallin sauran orchids, wanda ya ƙunshi cakuda haushi, ganshin sphagnum da gawayi.
Wanda kiwo
Vanda orchid yana yaduwa ta hanyar matakan gewaye - yara. Kowane yaro a lokacin rabuwa ya kamata ya sami tsarin tushensa kuma ya kasance akalla 5 cm tsayi. Ana kula da wuraren baƙi da gawayi. Don jariri ya ɗauki tushen sosai, ana sa shi a cikin babban zafi (aƙalla 85%) a cikin karamin-greenhouse.
Bayan jaririn ya ɗauki tushen kuma ya kai girman 15 cm, ana iya watsa shi cikin babban akwati azaman shuka mai girma.
Haɓaka yara a kan vanda lamari ne mai saurin faruwa, musamman a cikin ɗakuna. Sabili da haka, akwai wata hanya don cin nasarar yaduwar shuka - ta amfani da cuttings apical. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da fiɗaɗɗen harbe a kaikaice na kara, waɗanda ke da tushen sa. An yanke yankan a cakuda cakuda cakudadden moss-sphagnum da Tushen tushen ko conifers. A cikin kwanakin farko na farko, ana shayar da yalwar itace, sannan kuma ana shayar da shayarwa kusan ana kawo shi zuwa sau 1-2 a wata.
Cutar da kwari
Mafi yawan lokuta, vanda yana cutar da fungal kamar fusarium. Ya bayyana kamar launin shuɗi ƙasa a ƙasan ganye. Dalilin bayyanarsa shine cirewar tsohuwar tsohuwar tushe da ganye. Kuna iya kula da halin rushewa daga fusarium tare da bayani na fundazole.
Wata cuta da za ta iya haifar da vanda ta mutu ita ce ƙwayoyin cuta. Kuna iya yaƙi da shi ta hanyar taimakon ƙwayoyin tetracycline na rigakafi, narkar da ruwa. Hakanan, shirye-shiryen fungicidal suna taimaka wa dukkan nau'ikan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Kwayoyin kwari ba sa saurin kamuwa da cutar ta vanda, amma duk da haka, ana iya samun aphids, thrips, ticks, da mealybugs a kan tsire-tsire.
