Halin halittar Camellia ya hada da nau'ikan tsire-tsire 80 na gidan shayi. Babban mazauninsu shine wurare masu zafi da kuma rabe-rabe na Gabas da kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Furen suna bayan mai binciken Kamelius, wanda ya kawo shi Turai.
Tsirrai na Camellia sune bishiyoyi ko bushes tare da fure mai launin fata, wanda ke zaune a cikin guda biyu. Furannin furanni masu yalwar launuka masu launin shuɗi ne, fari, da mulufi, kuma akwai wasu nau'ikan iri dabam dabam.
Wasu wakilan kwayoyin sun girma ne saboda dalilai na kayan ado, godiya ga kyawawan ganye da furanni.
Idan kun bi duk ka'idodi don kula da camellia, har ma yana iya bada 'ya'ya, amma saboda kurakurai cikin kulawa, inji ba ya girma da abin da zai iya zama.
Iri da iri
Dutsen Camellia ko sansakva (Miyagi, karinda) ya zo mana daga Japan. Itace shidda dake da rassan bakin ciki da aka rufe da ja, ya kai mita biyar. Kasa mai kyau, serrated Inflorescences ne mai sauki, girma zuwa 7 cm a diamita. Blooms a cikin hunturu.
Camellia Sinanci ko synensis (Bohea, gidan shago) ko daji shayi. Wannan kallon gandun daji ne, wanda ya kai mita 15 a tsayi. Ruwan yana da tsawo, m, m, koren duhu. Inflorescences ne axillary, fari a launi.
Jafananci camellia a cikin daji, wannan tsiron ma ya kai girman girman 15 m. Canjaras ana serrated, oblong, leathery, duhu kore, amma iri da variegated launi ana bred. Furanni ba su da girma sosai, mai sauƙi, ninki biyu ko rabin biyu. Yana fure a cikin hunturu da farkon bazara.
Amma ga iri, da wadannan sun shahara:
- Camellia Alba Simplex,
- Kamallar Kamara cikakke,
- Camellia Jafananci Easter Morn,
- Camellia Debbie,
- Camellia Kira Kalifoniya,
- 'Yar Budurwa Mafarki.
Kulawar gida na Camellia
Lokacin da kake kula da camellia a gida, dole ne a bi ka'idodin kulawa da shi.
Camellia yana son haske mai rarrabuwar haske, saboda haka ya fi kyau sanya shi akan windows ko yamma. A gefen kudu, fure zata sha wahala da yawaitar haske kuma tana buƙatar kariya daga haskoki kai tsaye, kuma a gefen arewa na camellia za'a sami rashin haske sosai.
Don haɓaka haɓaka, kuna buƙatar kunna akwati tare da shuka daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, amma kada kuyi wannan lokacin da buds suka bayyana a kan kara - saboda wannan, za su faɗi a kashe.
A lokacin bazara, camellia abu ne mai kyau don canzawa zuwa gonar ko baranda, amma an sanya shi don kada rana ta haskaka kai tsaye.
A lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, zafin jiki na iska don kyakkyawan fure ya kamata ya zama kusan digiri 20-25. Domin kuranen su fara bayyana, ana buƙatar rage shi zuwa digiri 18, kuma a lokacin furanni a cikin hunturu, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio bai wuce +12 ba. Idan yayi dumin dumu, to da alama fure bazai iya toho ba.
Hakanan, furen ba ya son tururuwar iska, saboda haka ya zama dole ɗakin da yake tare da iska.
Watering camellias
Wadannan furanni ba sa son wuce haddi danshi - suna buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, amma watering yakamata ya zama uniform kuma ana aiwatar da shi lokacin da saman ƙasa ta bushe. Wajibi ne a shayar da ruwa tsaftatacce, musamman ma ruwan sama, saboda ya zama mai laushi.
A cikin hunturu, ya kamata a iyakance shinge, in ba haka ba ƙasa na iya faruwa. Ana iya gane wannan idan ganyayyaki su zama launin ruwan kasa kuma ƙwayayen ta faɗi. Idan ganyayyaki suka fara faɗi, to tabbas watakila ruwan bai isa ba.
Na cikin gida camellia yana son zafi mai zafi, saboda haka yana da kyau a sanya kwantena tare da shuka a cikin tire tare da takarda na neman ciyawar, har ma da feshi. Fesawa yayin fure, kar a bar ruwa ya hau kan inflorescences.
Ciyar da daskararre camellias
Ciyar da ƙwayar camellia a cikin kwana 20 a duk shekara. Yi amfani da wannan kayan miya na saman ma'adinai.
Don inganta haɓakar koda, shuka yana buƙatar datsa. Wannan aikin yana gudana ne a ƙarshen faɗuwar ganye.
Canjin Camellia
An dasa furanni matasa a shekara. Ga tsofaffin tsirrai, ana yin wannan aikin sau ɗaya a cikin kowace shekara.
Aikin yana buƙatar yin shi a cikin bazara, tare da pinching da harbe, saboda rassan suyi kyau. Isasa aka zaɓi acidic - kimanin 5 pH, amma kuma yana iya girma cikin ƙasa tare da acidity a ƙasa 4.
Kuna iya siyan ƙasa, ko zaku iya sa kanku da kanka ta hanyar haɗa peat, ganye da ƙasa turɓaya da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 2: 1: 1. Kar a manta yin kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa a tukunya.
Tsarin Kamara
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin karamin tukwane 5 cm, ɗayan kwantena. Tare da ƙirƙirar nau'i na ganye na gaske, seedlings sun nutse cikin manyan tukwane. Lokacin da suka girma, ana sake yin juyi zuwa manyan kwantena. Ka tuna cewa lokacin yaduwa ta zuriya, yawancin nau'ikan tsire-tsire suna yawanci ana asararsu, kuma don adana su kana buƙatar yin amfani da itace.
Yaƙi da ƙwayoyin Camellia ta hanyar yanke
Don yaduwa ta hanyar yankan, ana amfani da kayan 7 cm, wanda har yanzu bai zama layi ba. Ana aiwatar da hanyar a tsakiyar bazara ko hunturu. Yankunan da ganye 3-5 ana dasa su a cikin kwantena tare da yashi hade da peat. Yawancin zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama kusan digiri 22. A lokacin rani, rooting faruwa a cikin watanni 2, a cikin hunturu kadan ya fi tsayi.
Karku manta ku shayar da daskararru da fesa su lokaci zuwa lokaci. Ana iya amfani da magungunan da suka dace don hanzarta tushen tushe. Tare da samuwar Tushen, ana dasa kananan tsire-tsire a cikin manyan tukwane kuma ake kula da su kamar yadda tsirrai suke girma.
Roduwayar ƙwayar cutar kamara ta allurar rigakafi
Idan iri-iri ne tushen talauci, ana iya yadu dashi ta hanyar grafting. Ana yin wannan a tsakiyar lokacin hunturu. Alurar riga kafi ne da za'ayi ta apical koda.
Yana germinates bayan kimanin watanni 2. Ya kamata a kula da fure mai fure sosai, tunda yana da laushi.
Cutar da kwari
Idan kun keta ka'idoji don kula da camellia, matsaloli daban-daban na iya faruwa tare da shi.
- Idan fure na fure sun faɗi, to wannan yana nuna wuce haddi na danshi, wanda ya haifar da acidification na ƙasa, ko kuma kun motsa shuka lokacin da suke kafawa.
- Bayyanan bayyanannu akan ganye, da alama, yana nuna ƙonewa. Don hana wannan faruwa, dole ne a kiyaye fure daga hasken rana.
- Tare da rashin danshi, ganyen camellia crumble.
- Tare da ƙarancin zafi, ƙasa mara dacewa ko rashin haske, haka kuma idan fure yana da zafi, tsire-tsire yana iya mutuwa kawai.
Babban kwaro na camellia shine gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, wanda ke sa kanta ji a cikin cobwebs a cikin ganyayyaki. Suna yaƙar ta, yawanci tare da acaricides.
