Leucanthemum

A herbaceous shekara-shekara ko perenni shuka nyvyanik (Leucanthemum) wakilin cikin iyali Astrovidae ko Compositae. A baya can, wannan shuka an danganta shi ne ga halittar Chrysanthemum. Leucanthemum ya bambanta da nau'in chrysanthemum domin ba shi da ƙammar halayyar wannan dabi'ar, kuma ba shi da isnadi, wanda ya ƙunshi haske mai launin toka. Dangane da bayanai daban-daban, an haɗa nau'ikan 20-70 a cikin wannan asalin. Sunan kimiyya na wannan genus "leucantemum" a cikin Girkanci yana nufin "furen fure", sunan Rasha don wannan fure "nyvyanik" ya fito ne daga kalmar "niva". Yawancin nau'ikan Leucanthemum ana samun su a Asiya da Turai a yankuna masu tsafta. Hakanan ana iya samun wannan shuka a New Zealand, Arewacin Amurka da Ostiraliya. 'Yan lambu sau da yawa suna kiran wannan shuka itace chamomile lambun. Ya shahara sosai a cikin shimfidar wurare, kamar yadda aka tsara su.

Fasali na Leucanthemum

Fulawa mai tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na nyvyanik yana da rhizome mai launi ja. Ganyayyaki, madaidaitan harbe suna ƙanƙantar da kai, tsayin su ya bambanta daga 0.3 zuwa 1.2 m. Dukkanin kwancen ɗumbin gilashi, masu shimfidar ganye suna da siffar lanceolate -longlong da launin kore mai duhu. Ananan faranti na fure ko tushe, kuma wannan ya dogara da nau'in Leucanthemum. Manyan furanni a diamita sun kai mm 60-120, kuma a waje suna da kama sosai da kayan zaki. Furanni furanni ne masu launin inflorescences-kwanduna, waɗanda suka haɗa da furanni masu ruwan tubular rawaya waɗanda ke kewaye da shinge na shuɗi ko fari. Inflorescences suna located a ƙarshen harbe. Fure na nyvyanik sau biyu a kakar, ko kuma akasin haka: a watan Mayu-Yuli da Agusta - Satumba. A cikin tsakiyar kwandon, tsaba suna girma, wanda zai kasance mai yiwuwa don shekaru 2 zuwa 3.

Girma Leucanthemum Seed

A cikin narkar da shuka na vernus ta hanyar shuka, akwai fa'ida ɗaya, gaskiyar ita ce irin waɗannan tsire-tsire za su fara farawa tuni a cikin yanayin yanzu. Shuka tsaba don seedlings ne da za'ayi a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Fabrairu ko na farko - a watan Maris. Don amfanin gona, zaku iya ɗauka duk kwantena (kwalaye, kofuna, kofuna, da sauransu), saboda a nan gaba za a buƙaci ɗanyen peaked. Koyaya, don sauƙaƙe sarrafa danshi na ƙasa, ya fi kyau a ɗauki kwandon shara don shuka. Tankuna suna cike da ƙasa cike da gauraya da aka shirya don dasa shuki fure, amma idan kuna so, zaku iya ɗauka cakuda mai kunshi yashi da peat. Kafin yin shuka, cakuda ƙasa da akwati dole ne a lalata ta amfani da maganin potassiumgangan. Don farawa, ya kamata a yi tsabtataccen yanki na magudanar ruwa a ƙasan tanki, wanda aka cika shi da haɗewar ƙasa. Baza a cika ƙarfin zuwa saman ba, 20-30 mm a ƙasa daga gefen. Ya kamata a ɗaura farfaɗar cikin abin da ya kamata, wanda bayan haka ya zama dole a rarraba iri, waɗanda kawai aka binne 10 mm kuma aka yayyafa shi da cakuda ƙasa na cakuda. Ya kamata a girka amfanin gona tare da feshin ruwa da kyau.

Akwatin ba ya buƙatar rufe, amma an sake sarrafa shi a cikin wurin dumama (kimanin digiri 22). Bayan 'ya'yan fari na farko sun bayyana, dole ne a sake shirya kwandon a wuri mai sanyaya (daga digiri 18 zuwa 20). Lokacin da tsire-tsire suna da makonni 4, ya kamata a hadi dasu tare da raunin bayani na mullein. An tsince 'ya'yan itace yana da shekara daya da rabi, don wannan ana dasa shi a cikin kofuna na mutum, wanda ya kamata a cika shi da cakuda ƙasa iri ɗaya, amma ya kamata a zuba humus a ciki. Lokacin zabar kofuna, ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin su willa beforean seedlings zasu yi girma kafin dasawa cikin ƙasa bude. Lokacin da fewan kwanaki suka wuce bayan dasawa, tsirrai zasu buƙaci ƙarin kayan miya guda 1, wanda suke amfani da maganin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ya kamata a sani cewa tsakanin waɗannan suttuttukan biyu na sama da yakamata yazama tsakanin kwanaki 20-30. Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙasa buɗe a watan Mayu, amma lokacin da barazanar bazara ta kare. Koyaya, kafin dasa shuki na kwanaki 15, ya kamata a taurare tauraron.

A diamita, ramin saukowa ya kamata ya kai 0.3 m, nisan da ke tsakanin su kai tsaye ya dogara da darajar novice, kuma ya bambanta daga 0.3 zuwa 0.7 m. Nisa tsakanin tsakanin layuka ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da santimita 20. Kafin sauka a kasan ramin, dole ne a saka gram 20 na cikakken ma'adinin hatsi, kamar daga 300 zuwa 400 grams na takin ko humus. Dasa shuka ana aiwatar da su tare da dunƙule na ƙasa, kuma an rufe ramuka tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki. Shukewar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna buƙatar yawan ruwa. Bayan ruwan ya zama cikakke a cikin kasar, kuma yanayinsa ya bushe kadan, yankin ya rufe da ciyawa, wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman cakuda saltpeter da sawdust (20 grams na saltpeter da guga 1 na sawdust).

Saukowa filin daga fili

Idan an shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude, to, a lokacin farkon shekara, za a lura da samuwar ganye da ganye a cikin tsirrai. Za a iya ganin farkon fure a cikin shekarar biyu ta girma. Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa bude ne da za'ayi a farkon spring ko a kaka.

A wuri guda ba tare da dasawa ba, wannan shuka za'a iya girma har tsawon shekaru bakwai, a wannan batun, zaɓi wani yanki don dasa ya kamata ya kasance a hankali. Shafin ya kamata ya kasance rana yana da danshi mai kyau, ƙasa mai cike da ruwa, yayin da yakamata a horar dashi zuwa zurfin 0.25 zuwa 0.3 m Chernozem ya fi dacewa da haɓakar ryavnik. Idan ƙasa ta bushe ko kuma mara kyau, to girman girman inflorescences na bushes yayi girma akansa zai zama ƙarami idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda suka girma akan ƙasa mai ƙoshi. Lokacin da ya girma a inuwa, bushes ɗin ana san shi da cigaban hankali, yayin da furewar su tayi ƙasa da rawar gani. Dole ne a kara humus zuwa matsanancin nauyi ko ƙasa mai nauyi (ana ɗaukar kilo 20 da 15 a kowane murabba'in 1). Wannan al'adar ba za a iya dasa ta a cikin yashi mai kauri ko yumbu mai nauyi ba, har ma wurare masu laima basu dace da wannan ba, tunda akwai yiwuwar cewa nyvnyak zai kamu da cutar fungal kuma cikin sauri ya tsufa.

Tona ƙasa yakai matakin ta. Sannan kuna buƙatar yin tsagi, yayin da nisan da ke tsakanin su ya zama ya zama akalla santimita 20. M zurfafa tsaba a cikin ƙasa ta 20 mm. Bayan haka, an rufe su, kuma ana shayar da wurin sosai. Kashegari, ya kamata a rufe saman shafin da wani yanki na ciyawa (peat). Bayan da seedlings suka bayyana, ya zama dole a garesu.

Idan shuka ya kasance hunturu, to, ya kamata ya fara fitowa a farkon farkon lokacin bazara, idan a watan Mayu za a sake dasa tsire-tsire zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa, to akwai yiwuwar cewa bushes ɗin zai yi girma a cikin kaka. Idan an yi shuka shuka a cikin bazara, to, a lokacin bazara zaka sami ƙarfi da cikakkiyar kafa seedlings. Dole ne a watsa shi zuwa wuri na dindindin (tsarin dasawa da aka bayyana a sama), bayan shuka ya samo tushe, za su buƙaci a rufe su saboda hunturu.

Kulawa da wani nyvyanik a cikin wani lambu

Babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a kula da nyvyanik. Bushes yakamata a samar da ingantaccen ruwa, kayan miya, weeding, loosening na ƙasa. Don yin bushes ɗin koyaushe suna da kyan gani da kyau, kuna buƙatar karba a kan kwandunan da suka fara lalacewa. Ana yin ruwa kawai a lokacin fari, yayin da guga 1 na ruwa ya kamata a cinye shi da murabba'in mita 1 na gatangar. Bayan ruwan sama ya wuce ko an yi ruwa, busar da kasar gona tsakanin bushes za ta zama dole a kwance, yayin share ciyawar.

An ba da shawarar yin amfani da Nitrofoska don ciyar da nyvnik: a farkon lokacin girma, ya kamata ku yi amfani da mafita wanda sinadarin nitrogen ɗin ya yi yawa, kuma a lokacin da ya kamata potassium ya kamata ya inganta a ciki. Hakanan ana bada shawarar wannan al'adar don ciyar da maganin mullein. Idan akwai yiwuwar hakan, to ya kamata a shafa irin wannan kwayoyin halitta ga ƙasa sau 1 kowane rabin wata sannan kuma ba lallai ba ne a ciyar da leucanthem tare da takin ma'adinai. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, a lokacin lokacin buduwa, dole ne a ƙara abincin kashi a cikin ƙasa maimakon Nitrofoski. Lokacin da furanni ya ƙare, bushes zai fara rasa kayan adon su da sauri, a wannan yanayin dole ne a taɓo mai tushe zuwa santimita 10-15.

Cutar da kwari

A cikin ruwa sama sosai, bushes na iya kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, musamman idan tayi ruwa na dogon lokaci. Leucanthemum na iya shafawa ta hanyar tsatsa, mildew powdery, peronosporosis, spotting, fusarium, rot na gindi da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. A farkon alamun kowane daga cikin cututtukan da aka jera, daji ya kamata a fesa shi sosai tare da cakuda Bordeaux (1%), idan akwai irin wannan buƙatar, to wannan buƙatar za a sake maimaita ta sau 2 ko 3 tare da tazara na mako daya da rabi. Koyaya, kafin a ci gaba da aikin, waɗancan bushes ɗin da aka ji rauni sosai sun kasance mafi kyau rami da lalata.

Drooling pennies, makiyaya thrips da Chrysanthemum masu hakar gwal za su iya tsayawa a kan bushes. Don tsabtace bushes daga irin waɗannan kwari masu cutarwa, su da ƙasa mai ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsu ya kamata a fesa su sau da yawa tare da maganin Bazudin, Intavira, Aplaud ko Vermitek. Hakanan, don aiki, zaka iya amfani da jiko na tsire-tsire tare da kayyakin kwari kamar celandine, marigold ko yarrow. Gardenerswararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar kula da shuka nan da nan tare da ƙwayoyin kashe kwari, saboda suna da ƙarfi sosai fiye da magungunan jama'a kuma sun fi tasiri.

Nau'in da nau'in nivyanik tare da hotuna da sunaye

'Yan lambu suna noma yawancin nau'in nyvyanik, da kuma adadi mai yawa na iri daban-daban.

Marsh Leucanthemum (Leucanthemum paludosum), ko Swamp Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum paludosum = Hymenostemma paludosum)

Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga yankuna na kudancin Spain da Portugal. Tsawon daji bai wuce mita 0.25 ba, amma sananne ne saboda ɗaukakar ta mai ban mamaki. Ganyen ganye, ciyayi mai kyau ana iya tsawan su ko kafa. Fuskokin ganye na bakin ciki da ke cike da bakin ƙwallon faranti suna nan a kwance a gefen gaba. Yawancin kwanduna suna girma, wanda a diamita ya kai 30 mm, ana tattara furanni masu rawaya a cikin babban diski, wanda aka cika shi da ɗan gajeren itace furanni. Fulawa yana farawa a kwanakin ƙarshe na Yuni kuma yakan ci gaba har sai sanyi na farko.

Kuril nimbus (Leucanthemum kurilense)

Wannan nau'in ƙwayar cuta ce ta arewacin Jafananci. Wannan dutsen yana latsewa, kuma ya fito ne daga tsibiran gabashin Asiya na Hokkaido, da tsibirin Kuril da Honshu. Wannan tsararren tsirran tsir ya kai tsayin 0.2 kawai, kuma ya fi son girma a kan yashi a bakin teku, kankara da ƙyalƙyashe. Fingin ganye faranti uku-lobed ko biyar-lobed, a cikin contours - daga koda zuwa zagaye. Ganye mai kauri ne da bakin fata. Babban inflorescences na iya zama ɗaya ko fewan, sun haɗa da tubular rawaya da fari shuɗi.

Matsakaicin Leucanthemum (Matsakaicin Leucanthemum)

Wurin haifan wannan nau'in shine Pyrenees. Wannan tsararren lokaci yana da tushen tushen rhizome. Yana da harbe harbe masu yawa, tsayin daka wanda zai iya bambanta daga mita 0.5 zuwa 1. Kara ganye faranti ne m - petiolate da scapular, kazalika da babba - oblong a cikin siffar, sessile kuma bordered a gefen. Girman diamita na inflorescences yana kusan santimita 12, suna haɗa da furanni tsakiya na tubular wani launi mai rawaya, kazalika da farin furanni, wanda aka shirya cikin layuka 2. A cikin nau'ikan terry, kwanduna suna da kama sosai da kayan kwalliya: suna cike da layuka da yawa na furanni masu launin shuɗi na farin launi, yayin da corolla, ya ƙunshi furanni tubular kuma yana tsakiyar, kuma ana fenti fararen fata. Fitar wannan nau'in yana fara ɗan daga baya idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran nau'in, ko kuma, bayan ƙarnin farko na Yuli. Horar tun 1816. Mashahuri iri:

1. Alaska. Inflorescences a diamita ya kai santimita 10, furanni mai launin shuɗi na farin launi an tsara su a jere 1.
2. Gwoza. Theaukan bushes sunyi yawa sosai, kuma tsayin su ya kai cm 50. inflorescences suna da sauƙi, a waje sunyi kama da chamomile.
3. Christine Hagemann. Tsawon bushes shine kusan 0.7 m, kwanduna na terry.
4. Prinan sarakuna. Tsawon daji mai yawanci yakai 0.2 m, inflorescence yayi girma, fari.
5. Uwargida. A cikin irin waɗannan shekara, kwanduna a diamita ya kai santimita 17.
6. Stern ya ci Antwerp. Dajin yana da tsayi, kwanduna a diamita ya kai kusan santimita 10. Furannin tubular masu launin rawaya sune rawaya masu launin fari.

Leucanthemum vulgare, ko chamomile makiyaya

Wannan nau'in ya fi shahara, kuma ana kiranta camomile lambu. A cikin daji, ya fi son ya girma a cikin farin daji da makiyaya na wuraren kudu na Siberiya da Turai. Tsawon irin wannan tsararrakin ya kasance daga 0.8 zuwa 0.9 m. Plaananann farantin ganye sune tushe, duka, suna da siffar obovate, kuma babba suna da girma. Single inflorescences a diamita kai 60-70 mm, sun hada da kananan rawaya mediya da kuma 1 jere na farin Reed furanni. Noma tun 1500. A tsakiyar latitude, farkon fure wannan nau'in yana faruwa a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu ko kwanakin farko na Yuni. Popular iri:

1. Maxima Koenig. Tsawon daji yana da kusan cm 100. A diamita, inflorescence ya kai santimita 12, yana kunshe da furanni tsakiyar tubular wani launi mai rawaya mai duhu, da kuma layuka 1 ko 2 na farin furanni.
2. Mayun sarauniya. Dajin ya kai tsayin rabin mitoci. Yana da kwanduna masu kayatarwa, da kuma kyawawan launuka masu duhu mai duhu.
3. Sanssouci. Tsawon daji ya kai kusan cm 100. Kwanduna a diamita ya kai santimita 12, suna kunshe da adadi kaɗan na furanni masu launin shuɗi da furen furanni, ya kai mm 50 a tsayi kuma an shirya shi cikin layuka 6-8.