Rhododendron

Rhododendron (Rhododendron) wakilin dangin Heather ne. Wannan asalin ana wakilta shi ne daga tsirrai da bishiyoyi, waɗanda suke da raguwa, masu rarrabuwa tare da kullun. A cewar bayanai daban-daban, wannan halittar tana hade da nau'ikan halittar 800-1300, gami da azaleas, wadanda suka shahara sosai tsakanin masu aikin lambu, ana kiransu "rhododendron na cikin gida." Sunan wannan shuka ya hada da kalmomi 2: "rhodon", wanda aka fassara a matsayin "fure" da "dendron" - ma'ana "itace". A wannan batun, rhododendron yana nufin "itace tare da wardi," ko "furewood." Gaskiyar ita ce cewa furanni azalea suna kama da fitowar fure. A cikin daji, rhododendrons sun fi yawa a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere (a Kudancin China, Himalayas, Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Japan, da Arewacin Amurka). Sun gwammace su yi girma a yankin gabar teku, tekuna, koguna da teku, a tsaunin arewacin tsaunuka da inuwa karkashin inuwar tudu. Wasu nau'in sun kai tsayin 0.3 m, yayin da wasu kuma suke tsintsaye tsintsaye. Furanni daban-daban na wannan nau'in sun bambanta da juna ba kawai launi ba, har ma a sifa da girma. Misali, furanni mafi girma a diamita na iya kaiwa zuwa 0.2 m, yayin da mafi ƙanƙanta ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ne. A yau, akwai nau'ikan kusan 3,000, nau'i da nau'ikan rhododendron lambun.

Fasali na Rhododendron

Lambun rhododendron shine mai shuka. Daban-daban jinsin na iya bambanta da juna a girma da kuma nau'ikan ruwan ganye, waɗanda ke biennial, shekara-shekara da perenni, petiolate ko sessile, a kai a kai, serrate ko baki ɗaya, obovate ko ovate. Wannan tsiro ya shahara sosai a duk ƙasashe na duniya saboda tsabtataccen kayan adonsa, da kyawawan furanni, waɗanda suke ɓangare na tseren tsefe ko corymbose inflorescences, waɗanda suke kama da kyawawan kyawawan furanni. Furanni za'a iya fentin su da ruwan hoda, purple, fari, ja ko shunayya. Siffar furanni ya dogara da nau'ikan tsire-tsire kuma iri ne mai walƙiya, tubular, kararrawa-mai kama da ƙafa. A cikin wasu nau'in, furanni suna da wari mai daɗi. 'Ya'yan itace akwati ne mai kafaffu masu yawa da aka shuka iri-iri, a cikinsu akwai tsaba biyu-milimita. Tsarin tushen wucin gadi na wannan al'ada ya ƙunshi babban adadin fibrous Tushen. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa tsarin tushen abu ne na sama, jujjuyawar rhododendron abu ne mai sauƙi, kuma tsire-tsire yana jure shi da kyau. Wannan ciyawa ana daukar abin mamaki a farkon lokacin bazara na dasa zuma.

Rhododendron dasa a cikin ƙasa mai bude

Zaɓin lokaci da wurin saukowa

A tsakiyar latitudes, ana bada shawara don shuka kawai waɗancan nau'in rhododendron waɗanda ke halayen juriya mai ƙarfi. Kuna iya shuka shuka a cikin ƙasa buɗe daga Afrilu zuwa rabin na biyu na Mayu, har ma a watan Satumba-Nuwamba. Gardenerswararrun lambu suna tsunduma cikin dasa shuki rhododendron a duk tsawon lokacin girma, ban da lokacin furanni na irin wannan shukar, kuma ba za ku iya yin wannan ba har tsawon kwanaki 7-15 bayan fure.

Don dasa shuki, ya kamata ka zaɓi yanki mai inuwa da ke arewacin gefen tsarin. Shouldasa ta zama mai kyau-ruwa, sako-sako, ta ƙunshi babban humus ya zama acidic. Idan mãkircin yana da zurfin ƙasa na ƙasa da cm 100, to don dasa shukar wannan shukar dole ne sai kun yi gado. Za a iya dasa Rhododendron kusa da bishiyoyi kamar itacen oak, itacen kan layi, larch, kamar yadda tushen sa ke zurfi. Wannan shukar ba ta bada shawarar a dasa kusa da kirjin, maple, elm, linden, alder, willow da poplar, saboda tsarin tushen su yakai zurfin rhododendron, don haka ƙarshen baya zai buƙaci adadin abubuwan gina jiki da danshi. Idan har yanzu kuna buƙatar dasa rhododendron kusa da ɗayan bishiyoyin da aka jera, to gefuna ramin dasa zai buƙaci kare shi ta hanyar tono sillet, ruberoid ko polyethylene a cikin ƙasa. Maƙwabta mafi kyau na wannan amfanin gona sune pear da itacen apple.

Siffar Saukowa

Shirya rami don dasawa, don haka zurfinsa ya zama kimanin 0.4 m da diamitarsa game da 0.6 m. Zuba cakuda ƙasa mai nauyin buhuna 3.5 na ciki a ciki (zaka iya maye gurbinsa da buhunan yumbu), kazalika da 8 bulan peat. Ya kamata a gauraye sosai. Sa'an nan kuma cakuda ƙasa da aka zuba cikin ramin dole ne a haɗa shi sosai. Bayan haka, ana yin rami a ciki, girman abin da ya kamata ya zama daidai da girman ƙwayar itaciyar ƙwayar shuka. Nan da nan kafin dasa, da seedling dole ne a nutsar a cikin akwati cike da ruwa. Kuma lallai ne a cire shi kawai bayan kumburin iska ya daina zuwa saman ruwa. Bayan wannan, dole ne a sa tushen tushen a cikin rami, wanda ke cike da cakuda ƙasa, lallai ne a haɗa shi sosai don babu ɓarna. A cikin ƙwayar shuka, tushen wuya ya kamata ya kasance daidai da matakin wurin. Shukewar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna buƙatar yawan ruwa. Idan an dasa rhododendron a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa, to yalwar yawan ruwa yakamata ya zama cewa ƙasa ta jike zuwa zurfin santimita 20. Sannan ya kamata a rufe da'irar gangar jikin kwandon shara tare da ciyawa (ciyawar itacen oak, alluran Pine, peat ko gansakuka), yayin da kafinta ya zama 50-60 mm. Idan akwai adadi mai yawa na fure a kan seedling, to dole ne a yanke sashin, a wannan yanayin za a karkatar da sojojin da ke cikin shuka zuwa tushen, kuma kada su yi fure.

Idan kawai an dasa daji guda ɗaya na rhododendron a kan wani fili mai faɗi, to iska tana iya kwance ƙwayar. Don kauce wa wannan, ya zama dole don kafa goyan baya, yayin karkatar da shi dole ne a karkatar da shi zuwa inda galibin iska ke hurawa. Sa'an nan kuma an dasa wata shuka da aka dasa zuwa goyon baya. Bayan shuka ya samo tushe, ana iya cire tallafin idan ana so.

Rhododendron Kulawa

Rhododendron yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau. Dole ne a fesa shi, a shayar dashi, a ciyar da shi, a sako shi a kan kari, a rage shi a shirya, kuma idan ya cancanta a kiyaye shi daga kwari da cututtuka. Kamawa ko tono ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bushes ba zai yiwu ba saboda yanayin wurin tushen shuka. Dole ne a yi amfani da kiwo da hannu, yin amfani da pperan cukal saboda wannan dalili haramun ne.

Wannan al'ada tana da mahimmancin matsayi na yanayi da danshi ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da sauran tsire-tsire na lambu, musamman yayin budadden fure da furanni. Rhododendron yana da matukar mahimmanci ga ruwa daidai, saboda yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan shimfidar fure na fure na kakar mai zuwa. Watering da shuka dole ne ya zama na musamman m ruwa (tsaye ko ruwan sama). Wasu yan lambu sunyi laushi da acidify ruwa a sauƙaƙe, saboda wannan sun haɗu da shi tare da peat doki 24 hours kafin yin ruwa, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar fulan kaɗan. Dangane da yanayin ruwan ganye, zaku iya tantance sau nawa yakamata ku shayar da wannan shukar. Itace yana buƙatar shayarwa idan ganye ya zama maras nauyi kuma ya yi asarar turgor. A lokacin ban ruwa, ya kamata a cike ƙasa don zurfin 20 zuwa 30 santimita. Amma lokacin da aka yi ruwa, yana da muhimmanci sosai cewa ruwan ba ya tsayawa a cikin ƙasa, tun da tushen tsarin ya yi matuƙar yin takaici ga wannan. Lokacin da ruwa ke tsayawa, rhododendron yana yin daidai da daidai lokacin da lokacin da ake fama da rashin danshi, wato, an keɗa faranti a ƙasa da saukar da shi. Don kauce wa waterlogging, ya zama dole don shayar da shishshigi a cikin lokacin bushe mai zafi kamar koyaushe, amma yana buƙatar sanyaya shi sau da yawa daga mai toka, ta amfani da ruwa mai laushi don wannan.

Rhododendron pruning

Tun da bushes galibi a dabi'ance suna da tsari daidai, babu buƙatar ƙarfi pruning pruning. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, shuka yana buƙatar pruning idan itacen ya zama tsayi sosai, idan ana buƙatar anti-tsufa pruning, ko mai tushe wanda sanyi ke buƙatar yanke shi.

Waɗanne sharuɗɗa ne game da yin shukar na ɗan ƙaramin shuru? Dankaka mai tushe ne da za'ayi a cikin bazara, yayin da kake buƙatar kama shi kafin ya kwarara ruwan itace ya fara. Yanka akan rassan, kauri wanda daga 20 zuwa 40 mm, dole ne a smeared tare da lambun var. Farfaɗowar fitsarin barcin da ke kan mai tushe yana farawa ne bayan makonni 4, a lokaci guda, farkon tsarin sabuntawa, wanda ya ƙare tsawon shekara. Idan ɗanyen ya lalace sosai ta hanyar sanyi ko ya tsufa, to ya kamata a taƙaita shi zuwa mita 0.3-0.4, tare da rabin rabin wannan daji a shekara ta farko, kuma na biyu a shekara ta gaba.

Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da fasali mai mahimmanci. Don haka, a cikin shekara guda an dasa fure da fruiting ta yawa, yayin da na gaba - yana ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace da blooms fiye da talauci. Koyaya, ana iya gyara wannan mitar. Don yin wannan, bayan an gama fure, ya zama dole a karya duk ƙarancin inflorescences. A wannan yanayin, ɗan itacen zai jagoranci duk sojojin da aka adana da abubuwan gina jiki zuwa kwancen fure na fure na kakar mai zuwa.

Ationarin aikin Rhododendron

Hatta bishiyoyi da aka dasa a cikin yanayin yanzu suna buƙatar ciyar da su. A karo na farko a cikin lokaci, ana ciyar da shuka a farkon lokacin bazara, yayin da lokacin ƙarshe shine ƙarshen watan Yuli, lokacin da shuka ke fadada da matasa mai tushe suka fara girma. Masana sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da takin zamani na ruwa don ciyar da wannan amfanin gona, wanda ya haɗa da gari na ƙaho da rabin saniya da saniya. Don shirya irin wannan takin, taki ya kamata a haɗe shi da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:15, to ya kamata a ba da shi na kwanaki da yawa, bayan haka za su iya ciyar da shuki. Kafin ciyar da rhododendron, dole ne a shayar da shi daidai.

Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ƙasa mai acidic, a wannan batun, zaɓi takin ma'adinai ya kamata waɗanda ba su rushe amsawar yanayin ba. Don haka, an ba da shawarar yin amfani da superphosphate, phosphate, nitrate na potassium da sulfate, ammonium sulfate, alli da kuma magnesium, yayin ɗaukar su a cikin rauni mai rauni (1.2: 1000). Maganin takin takin potash yakamata ya kasance mai rauni.

A ba da shawarar aikace-aikacen taki:

a farkon lokacin bazara, ana kara takin gargajiya ko ma'adinai da ke kunshe da nitrogen, yayin da ake daukar gram 50 na magnesium sulfate da adadin adadin ammonium sulfate ta 1 murabba'in murabba'in murabus din;
a farkon zamanin Yuni, lokacin da shuka ta lalace, 20 grams na potassium sulfate da superphosphate, kazalika da 40 grams na ammonium sulfate suna kara da 1 murabba'in mita na makircin;
lokaci na uku ana ciyar da rhododendron a cikin Yuli, yayin da aka ɗauki gram 20 na potassium sulfate da superphosphate a kowace murabba'in mita 1 na gatan.

Cutar da kwari

Mafi sau da yawa, mealybugs, sikelin kwari, ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo, kwari, sarƙoƙi, weevils, kwari na rhododendron, har ilayau da katantanwa a cikin wannan bishiyar. Lokacin da gastropods suka bayyana a kan bushes, ya kamata a tattara su da hannu, kuma don dalilai prophylactic, an shuka shuka tare da bayani na shirye-shiryen fungicidal Tiram ko TMTD (8%).

Idan kwaroron rhododendron, ƙwayar gizo-gizo ko sizzs ɗin ya zauna akan rhododendron, to dole ne a fesa shi tare da Diazinon. A wannan yanayin, lokacin da aka shafi murhun, ba kawai ake sarrafa daji ba, har ma da saman ƙasa kusa da ita. Don kawar da sauran kwari, ana amfani da Karbofos, kuma dole ne a bi umarnin a cikin umarnin.

Mafi sau da yawa, irin wannan shuka yana rashin lafiya tare da cututtukan fungal, misali: ciwon daji, tsatsa, chlorosis ko tabon ganye. Mafi sau da yawa, irin waɗannan cututtukan suna haɓaka sakamakon ƙarancin wadatar tushen tsarin. Lokacin lalacewa ta hanyar tsatsa da tabo, dole ne a fesa daji tare da shirye-shiryen tagulla, alal misali, cakuda Bordeaux. Game da chlorosis, daji ya canza launin launi zuwa launin rawaya, a wannan yanayin, ya zama dole a zuba iron chelate a cikin ruwa don ban ruwa. Idan rhododendron ba shi da lafiya tare da cutar kansa, to, dole ne a yanke mai tushe don ƙoshin lafiya ko cire gaba ɗaya. Don rigakafin a farkon bazara da marigayi kaka, ya kamata a fesa bushes tare da cakuda Bordeaux.

Sake bugun Rhododendron

Wannan shuka ana iya yada shi ta zuriya ko hanyoyin ciyayi: farashi, grafting, rarrabe daji da iri. Hanyar mafi sauri kuma mafi sauƙi don yaduwar irin wannan shuka ita ce ta hanyar farawa.

Tsaba

Don shuka iri, yi amfani da faranti waɗanda ke cike da peat ko ƙasa ƙasan Heather hade da yashi (3: 1). Bayan an shuka iri, an yayyafa su a saman tare da yashi, wanda ya kamata a wanke. A saman tanki kuna buƙatar rufewa tare da gilashi, sannan an canza su zuwa wurin da aka kunna. Dole ne a shayar da amfanin gona a cikin wani yanayi mai dacewa, ana samun iska a kowace rana, kuma dole ne a cire condensate a kai a kai daga saman gilashin. A matsayinka na mai mulki, 'ya'yan fari na farko sun bayyana bayan kwanaki 30. Lokacin da seedlings suka samar da nau'i biyu na faranti na ganye, za su buƙaci a dasa su da yardar kaina ta amfani da santimita 2x3 na 2x3. Lokacin dasawa, ya kamata a sake sako seedlings tare da cotyledon, wannan zai haifar da tsarin tushen karfi. Seedlings a farkon shekarar rayuwa dole ne a girma a cikin wani sanyi greenhouse. A cikin shekara ta biyu, ya kamata a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude a kan gadaje horo tare da gonar lambu hade da karamin adadin peat da yashi. Irin waɗannan seedlings ana san su da ɗan haɓaka mai sauƙi. Abincinsu na farko ana iya ganin su kawai na shekaru 6-8.

Yankan

Yanke suma hanya ce mai rikitarwa ma al'adar haihuwa. Don girbi girbi amfani da Semi-lignified mai tushe. Tsawon tsintsin na iya bambanta daga 50 zuwa 80 mm. Ya kamata a yanke faranti na ganye tare da yankakken ganye. A wannan yanayin, ƙananan sassan dole ne a nitsar da su a cikin mafitar tushen wakili mai ƙarfafawa (alal misali, heteroauxin) na awanni 12-16. Don tushen, ana shuka itace a cikin abin da ya ƙunshi yashi da peat (1: 3). Sannan kwandon da ke saman dole ne a rufe shi da m dome. Tushen itace mai tsayi ne mai wahala. Don haka, tushen nau'in kowane nau'in itace yana kasancewa daga watanni 3 zuwa 4.5, kuma yana raguwa - makonni 6. Don girma, ana shuka itace a cikin kwalaye cike da substrate wanda ya ƙunshi Pine needles da peat (1: 2). A lokacin hunturu, yakamata yakamata ya kasance cikin ɗakin kwanciyar hankali da sanyi (daga digiri 8 zuwa 12). Tare da farawar bazara, akwatin tare da cuttings ya kamata a binne shi a gonar. A can za su yi girma wani shekara 1 ko 2, kawai bayan wannan za a iya dasa bishiyoyin a wani wuri na dindindin.

Sanya

Mafi sauki kuma mafi kyawun tsarin halitta na yaduwar wannan al'ada shine ɗimbin koyar da shafi. A cikin bazara, ya kamata ka zaɓi ƙaramin ƙarami mai ƙarami mai tsayi, dole ne a lanƙwasa kuma a dage shi a cikin tsakar shirya, zurfin wanda ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 15 santimita. Dole ne a tsayar da tsakiyar tsakiyar kara a cikin tsagi, yin pinning. Bayan haka, tsagi ya cika da lambun lambun da aka haɗa da peat. Tumbin da ya saura akan farfajiya dole ne a ɗaura shi da tsintsiya madaurinki. A lokacin da ciyar da daji da kanta, wanda ya isa ya manta da moisten da layering. A cikin kaka, ko tare da farkon bazara mai zuwa, dole ne a yanke cuttings daga mahaifa na iyaye kuma a dasa shi a cikin dindindin. Wannan hanyar tana da kyau don yaduwar rhododendron deciduous rhododendron.

Rhododendron bayan fure

Kulawar kaka

Idan an lura da fari a cikin kaka, to rhododendron zai buƙaci yawan ruwa akai-akai, don haka ya kamata a zuba ruwa lita 10 a ƙarƙashin daji 1. Idan an lura da ruwan sama mai tsari a kaka, to irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba lallai ne a shayar dasu ba. A Nuwamba, tushen tsarin daji ya kamata a sanyaya, saboda wannan farfajiya na akwati ya kamata a mulched tare da Layer peat.

Cin nasara

Idan rhododendron ya girma a cikin tsakiyar latitudes, to, bayan na farko frosts da bushes ya kamata a insulated. Don yin wannan, tsakanin rassan tsire-tsire, an yi ja rassan bishiyoyi ko spruce, kuma an tsamo shukar da kanta tare kaɗan tare da igiya. Sannan yakamata a rufe shi da burlap. Cire jakunkuna daga tsire-tsire ya kamata a farkon bazara bayan murfin dusar ƙanƙara ya narke, kuma zaɓi ranar girgije don wannan. Idan ana horar da rhododendron a yankin da ke da yanayin dumin yanayi mai kyau, to baya buƙatar tsari don hunturu.

Nau'in da nau'ikan rhododendrons tare da hotuna da sunaye

Akwai adadin adadi mai yawa na rhododendron. Da ke ƙasa za a bayyana waɗancan nau'in waɗanda 'yan lambu ke shukawa, da kuma nau'ikan lambun da suka fi fice.

Dayanan Dayanan (Rhododendron dahuricum)

A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana samun wannan nau'in a kan duwatsu kuma a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Arewa maso gabashin China, gabashin Siberiya, Primorsky Krai, Koriya da arewacin Mongolia. Wannan itace mai matsakaicin matsakaici mai tsayi sosai, tana da kyau sosai, tsayinta zai iya bambanta daga 200 zuwa 400 cm. An kafa rassan. Brownish-ja na bakin ciki harbe kusa da tukwici suna da pubescence, wanda shine takaice tari. Tsawon kananan faranti na faranti kusan 30 mm ne, gaban su ya yi laushi, ciki kuma na ciki ne. Launin 'yan ganye yana da launin shuɗi, kuma a kan lokaci sun zama duhu kore, a cikin kaka sun zama kore-ja ko launin ruwan kasa. A cikin hunturu, kawai ba babban ɓangare na foliage kwari a kusa da. Flowering ne quite lush kuma yana game da kwanaki 20. Furanni na fure kafin fure ya buɗe. Suna da yawa, suna da siffar murfin ciki, launin ruwan hoda-purple, kuma a diamita sun kai 40 mm. A cikin kaka, ana maimaita maimaita wasu lokutan. Wannan nau'in yana da tsayayya sosai ga sanyi, kuma yana haifarwa sosai tare da kore kore. Akwai iri 2:

nau'i na gilashi - launi na ganye yana duhu duhu, furanni kuma masu ruwan fure ne;
matasan farkon lambun - wannan tsire-tsire mai ƙaramin fure mai saurin girma sosai, furanni ya kai 50 mm, suna buɗewa da wuri kuma ana fentin su a cikin launi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, wannan nau'in ba shi da sanyi mai sanyi idan aka kwatanta da manyan nau'in.

Rhododendron adamsii

Wannan tsiren tsibi mai tsiro yana tsiro a kan tsaunin dutse da dazuzzukan tsaunuka na Gabas nesa, da kuma ƙafafun arewa maso gabas na Tibet. Tsawon tsayi daga cikin daji na iya yin har zuwa cm 50. A saman harbe akwai bargo, wanda ya kunshi tari mai glandular. Matte farashi mai launin faranti mai launin fure suna da siffar sikeli mai tsayi a tsawon tsayi kuma za su iya kaiwa kusan 20 mm. Fuskokinsu na yau da kullun ne, kuma a gefen da ba daidai ba akwai sikeli, saboda wanda yake da launi ja. Garkuwoyin sun ƙunshi furanni 7-15, waɗanda suka kai mm 15 a duk faɗin, an fenti su a launuka daban-daban na ruwan hoda. An jera wannan nau'in a cikin Littafin Red na Buryatia.

Jafananci Rhododendron (Rhododendron japonicum)

Nativeasar asalin wannan nau'in ita ce Japan, ko kuma, tsibiri na Honshu, inda ya fi son girma a kan tsaunukan rana. Wannan nau'in yana daya daga cikin kyawawan kayan maye na rhododendrons. Tsawon gandun dajin da aka dasa zai iya kaiwa cm 200. Ganyen da ke ciki marassa tushe ne ko kuma ana samun murhun azurfa a farfajiyar su. Farantin ganye mai launin kore yana da siffar sikelin-lanceolate, kuma akwai ingantaccen inzali a kan gaba da baya. A cikin kaka, ganye ya juye ja-orange. Gogeran ya ƙunshi furanni masu launin shuɗi 6-12 masu kamshi, sun kai 80 mm ko'ina kuma suna da ja-ja ko ruwan lemo. Daga dukkan nau'in jinsin da aka girma a tsakiyar latitude, wannan nau'in shine mafi kyau. Yana da juriya mai sanyi, kuma yana yaduwa sosai ta iri da ƙwaya.

Caucasian Rhododendron (Rhododendron caucasicum)

A cikin yanayi, an samo wannan nau'in a ƙasa na Caucasus. Wannan itace ba tsayi mai tsayi ba tana daure, rassanta suna creep. Faranti masu launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi, waɗanda ke kan dogayen layuka masu tsayi, suna da sikirin da yake da kyau. Fuskokinsu na dunƙule ne, kuma ciki yana jin-ja. A kan farfajiyar gashi mai gashi sune goge-goge wanda ya ƙunshi furanni 8 masu ƙanshi waɗanda ke da siffar murfin kumburin ciki da launi mai launin shuɗi, filayen kore suna cikin ɓangaren fasalin. Siffofin ado:

ruwan hoda-fari - fure yana farawa sama da na farkon jinsuna;
mai haske - launin furanni launin ruwan hoda mai duhu;
rawaya mai launin shuɗi - a saman furanni masu rawaya akwai kyanwa mai launin shuɗi;
bambaro mai rawaya - ratsin ja masu haske suna saman farfajiya masu launin shuɗi.

Hakanan, masu lambu suna shuka irin waɗannan nau'ikan: Albrecht's rhododendron, Atlantic, Vasaia, holoflora, treelike, rawaya, mai kauri, yamma, zinare, Indiya, Kamchatka, Kanad, Caroline, Carpathian, carpal, gooey, gajere-ɗan itace, blushing, mafi girma, ganye, ke , Lapland, Ledebor, kananan-leaved, marigold, teku-buckthorn, spiky, mai yawa, Bature, kyakkyawa, Bukhan, m, daidai dogo, ruwan hoda, Sikhotin, slaly, blunt, kafe, Yakushima da sauransu

Hyhod na Rhododendron

Wannan ya hada da kayan girke-girke da ciyawar da manoma ke shukawa. Hybrid Rhododendron yanki ne na rhododendron. Wadannan nau'ikan da suka shahara sune:

Alfred dan kasar Jamusanci. An samo wannan nau'ikan ta hanyar ƙetara Katevbinsky rhododendron tare da Everestin. Wannan bishiyar data kasance mai tsayi tsawon mita 1.2. Duddirin kambi yakai kimanin cm 150. Faranti masu launin duhu mai duhu waɗanda suke da sifofi mai ruɓi. M inflorescences ya ƙunshi furanni 15-20 na launi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, wanda ke da launin rawaya-rawaya a diamita ya kai 60 mm.
Bambanci Blue Peter. An buge ta ta ƙetara Pontic rhododendron. Kurmin ya kai tsayin sama da cm cm 150. .wancin da yake yaduwa yana da nisan kusan 200 cm. A diamita, furanni masu lavender-blue sun kai mm 60, suna da tsattsauran ra'ayi, kuma a saman fure akwai wani yanki mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
Jackson. An samo wannan turancin Ingilishi ta hanyar ƙetara Caucasian rhododendron da iri-iri na Nobleanum. Tsawon tsirrai yakai kimanin cm 200, kuma a gicciye rawanin sa ya kai kimanin cm 300. Akwai wani nau'i mai tsayi, tsayinsa wanda baya wuce 0.8 m. Faranti masu launin fata mai launin fata suna da fitila na gaban gaba da launin launin ruwan kasa. Inflorescences ya ƙunshi furanni 8-12, waɗanda suke ruwan hoda a lokacin buɗewa, sannan ya canza zuwa farar fata, da kuma launin farar-launin shuɗi akan ɗayan furannin.
Tashi Marie. Varietywararrun Czech, ana samun su ta hanyar ƙetara mafi girman rhododendron da Pearl Pink. Itatuwan ya kai tsawo na 1.2 m kuma girman kambi shine cm cm 150. ladawayen ruwan ganye na da sikeli, a saman kore mai launin kore suna da kakin zuma mai kauri, kuma ba daidai ba shine kore-shuɗi, mai shuɗi. A gefuna na furanni ana fentin a cikin launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi, wanda a tsakiyar ana maye gurbinsa da ruwan hoda mai zurfi tare da shunayya mai ruwan hoda. Karamin mai sihiri sploical inflorescences ya kunshi furanni 6-14.
Nova Zembla. Wannan dangin Dutch ɗin an buge shi ta hanyar tsallake rhododendron na Katevbinsky da Perse Gloriosum. Tsawon tsinken bishiya yakai santimita 300, kuma kambin da aka sako a girth ya kai kusan cm 350 The mai tushe yayi girma kusan tsaye. Takaddun faranti na fata mai launin fata suna da yawa babba. Infarancin inflorescences sun ƙunshi manyan furanni na 10-12, suna kaiwa 60 mm ko'ina, suna da launin ja kuma suna da launin baƙar fata.
Cunningham. Wannan ƙwararren ɗan Scottish sanannun nau'ikan Caucasian rhododendron ne. Tsawon daji kusan 200 cm ne, kuma kambi a diamita ya kai cm 150. Tsawon duffai mai launin shuɗi mai duhu kusan 60 mm ne, kuma faɗin nisansa shine 30 mm. M inflorescences kunshi farin furanni 10, a farfajiya wanda akwai launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi.

Rhododendron a cikin yanki

Yawancin lambu da ba ƙwararru ba, da suka ga kyakkyawan rhododendron a cikin hoto, sun yanke shawarar yin ado da tsarin lambun su da tsada. Koyaya, a akasarin lokuta, sayi da dasa daji da aka yi niyya a kan makircin sa, malamin lambu ya lura cewa rhododendron bai da kyau kamar yadda aka zata, kuma bugu da ƙari, a hankali ya bushe ya mutu. Sabili da haka, yawancin lambu suna yin mamakin shin yana yiwuwa a samu nasarar noma irin wannan ciyayi a cikin karkara? Kuma gabaɗaya, shin zai yiwu a shuka irin wannan shuka a cikin tsakiyar latitude sabon abu a gare shi? Idan an yi komai daidai, to yana yiwuwa.

Siffofin sauka a cikin karkara

Da farko dai, ya kamata ka zabi iri-iri wanda ya dace wanda zai iya rayuwa watanni hunturu. Gaskiyar ita ce nau'in zafi da nau'ikan nau'ikan zafi, koda kuwa an rufe su da kyau, har yanzu za su daskare a cikin hunturu. Jinsin da ke da ƙima sosai sun dace sosai don haɓaka ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayi: rhododendron na Jafananci, rawaya, Schlippenbach, Vasaia, Kanada, Kamchatka, da Bukhan. Daga cikin rabin-kullun, zaku iya zaɓar rhododendron na Ledebor. Don haɓakawa a cikin latitude na tsakiya daga nau'in kullun, Ketevba rhododendron (kuma har ila yau, danginsa Alfred, Abraham Lincoln, Nova Zembla, Cunningham White), gajere, mai launin zinare, mafi girma da rhododendron Smirnova da kuma hadadden nasa Gabriel, Dorothy Swift sun dace. Recentlyan asalin Finnishan ƙasar inyamu kwanan nan sun sami kyawawan nau'ikan yanayin hunturu na Elvira, The Hague, Mikkeli. Haihuwar 'yan kungiyar' Northern Light '' Rosie Lights, Fitilar Lemo, Spicy Lights da sauransu kuma suna jure yanayin hunturu na tsakiyar latitude.

Dokokin saukarwa

Don siyan dutsen da ya dace bai isa ba, dole sai an dasa shi daidai:

Saukowa ana yi a cikin bazara. Shafin ya kamata ya kasance a cikin inuwa m, kuma nisa tsakanin seedling da kowane shuka ya zama akalla 100 cm.
Don dasa shuki, ana bada shawarar sayan cakuda ƙasa ta musamman. Idan ana so, ana iya yin shi a gida, don wannan kuna buƙatar allura, filin lambun da peat. Dole ne a kara takin ma'adinai a cikin ƙasa.
Girman ramin dasa yakamata ya zama ya zama kamar wasu lokuta biyu mafi girma fiye da ganga a inda shuka yake ba. Idan ƙasa yumɓu ne, to, a kasan ramin za ku buƙaci yin kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa na tubalin da ya karye, kauri wanda ya kamata ya zama kusan santimita 15.
Bayan dasawa, tushen wuyan shuka ya kamata ya kasance daidai da yadda yake a cikin akwati.
Plantungiyar da aka shuka tana buƙatar yawan shayarwa.

Siffofin kulawa a cikin karkara

Don kula da rhododendron horar da shi a tsakiyar latitude ya kamata kusan iri ɗaya ne ga na waɗanda tsire-tsire waɗanda aka girma a cikin yankuna masu saurin yanayin canjin yanayin. Koyaya, har yanzu akwai bambance-bambance da yawa. Dokokin Kulawa:

Don dasa, ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙasa humus na acidic. A waɗancan wuraren da tushen zai jawo abubuwan gina jiki, yakamata kada itace ash, dolomite, lemun tsami da sauran abubuwan da zasu iya inganta ƙasa.
Dole ne a rufe saman da'irar akwati tare da ciyawa ba tare da faduwa ba. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman saboda, saboda Tushen keɓewar sararin sama, ba a hana ruwa, tono ƙasa da tono ƙasa.
A cikin bazara, dole ne a kiyaye daji daga zafin rana. A saboda wannan, gauze, raga ko masana'anta ya dace.
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a zabi yanayin shayarwa daidai. Wannan tsire-tsire ya kamata ya sami yawan danshi yadda yake buƙata. A cikin lokacin zafi mai zafi a lokacin bazara, ya kamata a shayar da ciyawar sau 2 a cikin kwanaki 7. Idan a cikin kaka akwai ruwan sama da kuma yanayin dumin yanayi, to, matasa harbe sun fara girma a kan bushes, amma ba sa mutu a cikin hunturu kuma su mutu. Don hana wannan kunnawa na haɓakar tushe, ya kamata a kula da daji daga fesawar da aka raba tare da maganin monophosphate ko potassium sulfate (1%) kuma kuyi wannan a ranar bushe. Wannan zai haifar da dakatarwar ci gaban, har zuwa motsawar lalacewa daga mai tushe da kwanciya fure domin kakar mai zuwa. Bayan an sarrafa ciyawar, duk abin ban ruwa ya kamata a dakatar dashi, koda kuwa fari ne da zafi.
Idan kun ji tsoron cewa bushes na iya lalacewa ta hanyar sanyi a cikin hunturu, to ya kamata a rufe su. Don wannan, an shigar da firam na karfe a kusa da daji. Ya kamata a nannade shi da spanbond, wanda aka gyara tare da igiyoyi.

M kaddarorin masu amfani da rhododendron

Rhododendron kyakkyawan tsire-tsire ne, kuma yana da warkarwa mai warkarwa wanda aka yi amfani da shi shekaru da yawa a cikin aikin hukuma da madadin magani. Abun da ke tattare da nau'in rhododendron Daurian, zinari, Adams, Caucasian ya hada da andromedotoxin, ericoline, arbutin da rhododendrin. Ganyayyaki ya ƙunshi ascorbic acid, yayin bazara kuma maida hankali a cikin shuka shine mafi girma. Godiya ga abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin abun da irin wannan shuka, ya bambanta cikin analgesic, magani mai guba, antipyretic, antibacterial da diaphoretic effects. Hakanan yana da ikon cire ruwa mai yalwa a jiki, kawar da edema, gazawar numfashi, bugun jini, kara aikin zuciya, da rage yawan ciwan jini da hauhawar jini.

Amma bai kamata a yi la’akari da cewa wannan shuka ba shi da cutarwa. Kada a yi amfani da samfuran da aka yi a kan tushen rhododendron daga mutanen da ke fama da mummunar cutar koda da ƙwaƙwalwar nama, har da mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar cewa ka fara tuntuɓi gwani kafin ɗaukar irin wannan magani a karon farko.