Kirkira

Cypress (Chamaecyparis) itace itaciya mai kyau wacce take mallakar dangin cypress. Wannan nau'in halittar ya hada nau'ikan 7, kuma akwai kuma girbin daruruwan yawa. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, tsinkayen irin wadannan tsirrai a wasu lokuta ya kai mita 70. Itace bishiyar tayi kama da cypress, sabili da haka wadannan tsire-tsire galibi suna rikicewa. Itaciyar da take amfani da itace tana bambanta da itacen fir in da rassanta su kayanta kuma masu kaifi. Wannan itaciyar shima yana da rawanin dala, wanda yayi kama da thuja. Asalin ginin duniyar yanar gizo shine Arewacin Amurka da gabashin Asiya. An fara noma ta a ƙarshen karni na 18. Ana noma Cypress duka a gonar da a gida.

Fasali na yanar gizo

'Yan ƙasa na Arewacin Amurka sune ire-iren wannan shuka kamar: kwaya mai amfani da tsirrai, thuifolia da Lavson. 'Yan asalin yankin gabashin Asiya sune ire-irensu kamar: wawa, makoki, bera da formosa. A cikin daji, waɗannan tsirrai suna da tsayi, kuma suna da ƙananan ƙananan mura, allurai, da kuma cones masu zagaye, waɗanda suke ƙanana fiye da firinfirin, kuma suna ɗauke da ƙarancin tsaba. Af, Japanesean Jafananci da Arewacin Amurka na wannan shuka suna da juriya mai ƙarfi sama da sigar yanar gizo. Don haka, suna iya hunturu a tsakiyar latitude ba tare da tsari ba. Amma a lokutan bushewa a lokacin rani, irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna ba da amsa sosai fiye da yadda ake amfani da yanar gizo.

Irin wannan itacen yana da kambi mai siffar kambi, yayin da rassa masu tsayi ke tashi ko buɗe. Rufe saman da gangar jikin shine launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko haushi, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan sikeli. Za'a iya fentin faranti, da aka matse mai ƙarfi a cikin koren duhu, da shuɗi mai duhu, mai ruwan kore ko launin shuɗi. Samfurorun samari suna da faranti mai siffa allura, yayin da manya kuma suke da faranti-kamar su. Girman ma'aunin cones shine santimita 1.2, yayin da tsaba a cikin su ke yin shuka a cikin shekarar dasa shuki. Kwanan nan, Jafananci, Turai da Amurkawa sun kirkiro tsiran tsiro fiye da ɗari biyu waɗanda suka bambanta da girman, siffar, launi na kambi, da sauransu.

Tsarin bishiyar shuka

Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa

Don dasa bishiyar bishiyoyin bishiya, ana bada shawara don zaɓar wani yanki wanda yake cikin inuwa mai ɓoye, amma yakamata a guji ƙarancin ƙasa, tunda iska mai sanyi ke kasancewa a cikinsu. Abubuwan da ke cikin launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi ko kore mai mahimmanci suna buƙatar ƙaramin adadin haske fiye da waɗanda suke a cikin ruwan-shuɗi. Soilasa akan shafin yakamata a cika shi da abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda ke daɗaɗa ruwa mafi kyau idan yana cikin loamy kuma a cikin halin rashin sa'a. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana dasa seedling a cikin bazara a cikin watan Afrilu, bayan kasar ta yi zafi sosai, amma ana bada shawara don shirya rami don dasa a cikin bazara, saboda ƙasa tana da lokaci don daidaitawa yadda yakamata. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar yin rami, zurfin wanda ya kamata ya zama 0.9 m, kuma faɗin - 0.6 m. A kasansa, ya kamata a yi ƙaramin magudanar ruwa mai kauri 0.2 m, wanda ya kamata ya ƙunshi yashi da tubalin da ya karye. Bayan haka ya zama dole a cika ramin don ½ bangare tare da cakuda ƙasa wanda ya kunshi humus, ƙasa sod, yashi da peat (3: 3: 1: 2). A cikin hunturu, wannan cakuda ƙasa za ta haye ta zauna, kuma tare da farkon lokacin bazara zai dumama da sauri. A cikin taron cewa kuna dasa shuki fiye da ɗaya na ƙwayar bishiyar shuka, ya kamata kuyi la'akari da cewa nisa tsakanin su ya zama akalla santimita ɗari, kuma zai fi dacewa. Wannan saboda a cikin wannan shuka, tushen tsarin ke tsiro a sararin samaniya.

Yadda ake shuka

Mafi sau da yawa, ana shuka tsire-tsire na bishiyoyin da aka shirya, wanda za'a iya sayansu a cikin gandun daji ko a cikin shagon musamman. Kafin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar rijiya ruwan rami don dasa, da kuma zubar da dunƙule na shuka ƙasa ta amfani da tushen tushe (rabin guga na ruwa don kunshin 1 na samfurin). Bayan wannan, dole ne a saukar da shuka a cikin tsakiyar ramin kuma a hankali an rufe shi da cakuda ƙasa (duba sama don abun da ke ciki), haɗe da 0.3 kilogiram na nitroammophos. Bayan dasa, tushen wuyan seedling ya kamata ya zama santimita 10-20 a saman farfajiyar ƙasa, saboda tabbas ƙasa zata zaunar. Ya kamata a shayar da itaciyar da aka dasa Bayan hazo na ƙasa, zai zama dole don ƙara ƙarin ƙasa, saboda tushen wuyansa yana matakin daidai tare da saman ƙasa akan wurin. Don haka kuna buƙatar rufe da'irar gangar jikin tare da dunƙule na ciyawa, kuma yakamata ku tsabtace cypress ɗin don tallafi.

Kulawar Cypress

Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar kula da gaskiyar cewa wannan shuka tana buƙatar tsari na shayarwa, wanda yakamata a aiwatar sau ɗaya a mako, yayin da ake ɗaukar daji guda kusa da guga na ruwa. Koyaya, idan akwai tsawon lokacin bushe da zafi, za a ƙara yawan mita da yawan ruwa. Dole ne a shuka yaduwar shuka kodayaushe a kowane lokaci sau 7, sannan ana fesa samarin yau da kullun. A yayin da aka rufe farfajiyar akwati an rufe shi da wani yanki na ciyawa (peat ko kwakwalwan itace), to sai a yi ciyawar bayan an fitar da ganyen. A yayin da ba a yafa da'irar kusa-da da ciyawa ba, to kowane lokaci bayan an shayar da itaciyar, ya zama dole a sako ciyawar kuma a kwance farfajiyar ƙasa ta kimanin santimita 20 a zurfi.

Bayan 'yan watanni bayan dasa shuki, dole ne a ciyar da seedling tare da takaddun takaddun, yayin da maida hankali ga mafita mai gina jiki ya kamata ya zama rabin abin da aka ba da shawarar ga balagaggu. Ana ciyar da tsofaffin samfurori sau ɗaya a cikin kowane mako 2 har zuwa rabin na biyu na Yuli, yayin amfani da takin ma'adinai mai hadaddun. Masana sun ba da shawarar zabar takin kamar Kemira don conifers, yayin da kafin a shuka shuka, gram 100 zuwa 150 na kayan da ke buƙatar sakawa a cikin ƙasa suna warwatse a saman da'irar akwati. Daga rabin rabin lokacin bazara, kuna buƙatar dakatar da ciyar da itaciyar, in ba haka ba bazai iya shirya yadda yakamata ba domin lokacin hunturu.

Juyawa

Hakanan ana ba da shawarar yin jigilar wannan itaciyar a bazara. Ka'idojin dasa bishiyar shuka suna kama da wadanda suke amfani da shi lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da ka tono itace, tabbas ka lura cewa tana da tsari mai kyau, wacce take kwance a sama.

Turawa

Wannan inji kuma yana buƙatar pruning na zamani. A farkon bazara, ya zama dole a yanke tukwici na mai tushe wanda sanyi ya shafa, haka kuma a yanke tsohuwar, raunin ko kuma rassan bushe. Tare tare da tsabtace kayan tsabta a cikin bazara, ana bada shawara don samarwa da shaƙa. Don yin wannan, ya isa ya kula da yanayin conical na dabi'a na siffar siffar itacen kambi. Ka tuna cewa ɗayan da kake buƙatar yankan ba ya wuce 1/3 na taro mai kore. Lokacin da yanayin girma na aiki a cikin kaka ya ƙare, zai zama tilas a datse 1/3 na haɓakar wannan shekara, yayin da ya zama dole don adana kwatankwacin kambin. Rassanan da suka mutu a jikin bishiya kada su kasance, saboda bayan wani lokaci har yanzu zasu bushe. Zai iya yiwuwa a fara kirkirar kambi watanni 12 bayan dasawa ko dasa shuka.

Cutar da kwari

Itatuwan bishiyoyi suna matukar tsayayya wa cututtuka da kwari masu cutarwa. Koyaya, wasu lokuta scabies da kwandunan gizo-gizo na iya yanke shawara a kan irin bishiyar, kuma Tushen Tushen na iya bayyana. Idan kwayayen gizo-gizo suka zauna akan tsiro, to, zai zama ya zama rawaya, kuma allura zasu tashi kewaye da shi. Don kawar da irin wannan kwari, ana bada shawara don kula da itacen sau da yawa tare da tazara na kwanaki 7 tare da wakili na acaricidal (Neoron, Apollo ko Nissoran). Scaffolds tsotse ruwan ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga mashigar busar, sakamakon wanda ya fara bushewa, sai allurarsa ta faɗi. Don lalata waɗannan kwari, zai zama dole don kula da shuka tare da Nuprid, yayin da a mafi yawan lokuta, don cimma sakamako mai dorewa, ana buƙatar spraying da yawa. A wannan yanayin, idan itaciyar tana da cutar sosai, ana ba da shawarar ta tono ta ƙone shi, in ba haka ba, kukan ɗin na iya motsawa zuwa wasu tsirrai.

Idan an lura da tsauraran ruwa a cikin ƙasa, to wannan zai haifar da ci gaban irin wannan cutar fungal kamar tushen dadda. Kyakkyawan rigakafin daga wannan cuta shine babban lokacin magudanar ruwa a cikin rami mai dasawa, wanda ake yi lokacin dasawa. A yayin da ba a gano cutar a kan lokaci ba, wannan na iya haifar da mutuwar bishiyar. An bada shawara don tono tsire-tsire masu cutar, yantar da tushen sa daga ƙasa, ya zama dole don yanke su zuwa nama mai lafiya. Sannan, ya kamata a fesa tsarin tushen shi da maganin kashe-kashe, kuma itacen da kansa ya kamata a dasa shi a wani wuri na daban, wanda ya fi dacewa da shi gwargwadon bukatun aikin gona. Idan kuma abin ya ci gaba da haifar da tushen tushen tushen itacen, to, lallai ne ya ƙone.

Yada labaran Cypress

Irin wannan itace za'a iya yada shi ta hanyar tsaba, yanka da yanke filayen. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kawai nau'in bishiyar daji kawai ke yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa dogara da yaduwa shine yankan itace, kuma mafi sauki shine sakawa.

Noma

Idan kun tattara tsaba daidai kuma ku bushe su da kyau, to damar ƙarfinsu zai kasance na shekaru 15. Don ƙara yawan ƙwayawar shuka, dole ne a daidaita su. A cikin akwati cike da ƙasa mai haske, akwati ko akwati dole ne a shuka iri, to lallai ne ya dauki kwandon a titi, inda ake binne shi cikin dusar ƙanƙara. A nan tsintsaye zasu kasance har zuwa farkon lokacin bazara. Idan ana so, to, za a iya sanya akwatin tare da tsaba a cikin firiji a kan shiryayyen kayan lambu. Lokacin da lokacin bazara ya fara, ya kamata a kawo kwantena tare da tsaba a cikin ɗakin, inda ya kamata a sanya su a cikin dumi (daga digiri 18 zuwa 23), wuri mai haskakawa, wanda ke da kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Idan an yi komai daidai, to farkon harbe zai yi kama da sauri. Akwai bukatar a samar da lingsan Seeda withan tare da shayarwa na matsakaici, idan akwai ƙwayoyi masu yawa, tsire-tsire ya kamata a ɗanɗana. Bayan zafin jiki ya isa tabbatacce zazzabi, za a buƙaci canja bishiyoyin yau da kullun zuwa iska mai tsabta, saboda a iya yin zafi. Seedlingsarfafa seedlings dole ne a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa buɗe, don wannan kana buƙatar zaɓar wani wuri da ke cikin inuwa mai kama, kuma tare da ƙasa mai kwance. A can tsire-tsire kuma ku ciyar da hunturu ƙarƙashin murfin. Amma tare da wannan hanyar haihuwa, yana da daraja la'akari da cewa tsire-tsire ba safai ke riƙe da halaye masu ɗorewa na tsire-tsire na iyaye ba.

Yankan

Ana aiwatar da yankan girbi a bazara. Yanke apical cuttings samar daga matasa a kaikaice mai tushe. Tsawon tsintsin na iya bambanta daga 5 zuwa 15 santimita. Partarshen ɓangaren ɓauren dole ne a 'yantar da allurai, sannan kuma an dasa su don dasa a cikin tukwane cike da cakuda ƙasa, wanda ya haɗa perlite da yashi (1: 1), an kuma bada shawara a zuba ɗan ƙaramin ɗumbin coniferous cikin wannan cakuda. Bayan wannan, dole ne a rufe kwalin da jakar polyethylene. Idan kullun kuna kula da yanayin zafi kusa da kashi 100, to, ganyen zai ba da tushen a cikin makonni 4-8. Yanke, idan ana so, za a iya dasa su nan da nan a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, yayin da suke buƙatar rufe gilashin filastik, wanda yakamata a yanke wuya a gaba. Yankan da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa na iya tsira daga hunturu ba tare da mafaka ba, amma kawai idan suka inganta al'ada. Idan tushen dasa ya haifar da sannu a hankali, to lallai za su yi hunturu a cikin ɗakin.

Yadda ake yaduwar Layering

Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya yaduwar creeping ko bude wannan shuka. Don yin wannan, zaɓi kara wanda ke girma kusa ga ƙasa. A gefenta na waje, ya zama dole a sanya abin da ya kamata a ciki wanda ya wajaba a sanya karamin dutse. Wannan ya zama dole don kada muryar ta rufe. Sa'an nan kuma dole ne a zana ƙwanƙolin a ƙasa mai faɗi kuma an gyara shi da sutura. Ya kamata a ɗaura ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren tushe zuwa tallafi, kuma a wannan yanayin, dole ne a rufe wurin da abin da ya kamata ya haɗa da wani yanki na ƙasa. A lokacin girma girma, ya kamata a shayar da keɓaɓɓun Layer a kai a kai tare da itacen iyaye. Lokacin da Tushen yayi girma a lokacin farawa, ya kamata a yanke shi daga shuka mahaifiyar kuma a dasa shi a cikin dindindin. An bada shawara don aiwatar da dasawa a cikin bazara, duk da gaskiyar cewa Tushen zai iya girma a lokacin farashi a cikin fall.

Lokacin hunturu na Cypress

Ana shirin hunturu

Wadancan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan bishiyoyin da ke da tsaurin sanyi dole ne a rufe su a farkon shekaru 3 ko 4 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Bai kamata a yi wannan ba don kare tsiro daga sanyi, amma don kare shi daga rana mai tsananin haske a lokacin hunturu da bazara. Don rufe itacen, ya kamata a rufe shi da acrylic, takarda kraft, burlap ko lutrasil.

Cin nasara

A Siberiya, Urals, da ma a cikin yankin Moscow, ba a shuka irin wannan tsiron a ƙasa ba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana dasa shi a cikin babban akwati, wanda aka canza zuwa titi a lokacin rani, kuma a cikin kaka an dawo da shi cikin ɗakin. A wa ancan wuraren da winters ba su da tsauri (Moldova, Ukraine, Crimea), ana yin shuka ta yanar gizo kai tsaye a buɗe, alhali ba a lokacin hunturu ba.

Nau'in da nau'ikan yanar gizo tare da hotuna da sunaye

Da ke ƙasa za a ba da bayanin nau'ikan nau'ikan bishiyar 7, har ma da abin da suka shuka, waɗanda suka fi shahara tsakanin masu lambu.

Pea na yanar gizo (Chamaecyparis pisifera)

Wurin haifan wannan nau'in shine Japan. A cikin yanayin daji, irin wannan itaciya na iya kaiwa tsawon kimanin 30 m. Haushi mai launin shuɗi yana da launin toka mai launin ja, yayin da kambi na buɗewa yana da babban sifa. Ana buɗe rassa a buɗe. Ana zane allurar launin ruwan hoda mai haske mai haske-shuɗi, kuma cones mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kuma diamita kawai 0.6 santimita ne. Popular cultivars:

Boulevard (Rubuta Boulevard daidai). Tsawon itacen zai iya kaiwa zuwa 5 m har ma da ƙari. Siffar kambi fil ne. Abubuwan da suke da siffofi masu launin shuɗi-mai launin kwalliya suna lanƙwasa ciki, yayin da tsawon su zasu iya kaiwa santimita 6. Saplings na irin wannan cultivar suna halin mai saurin girma. Koyaya, yayin da itaciyar take girma, girmanta yana haɓaka, tare da ƙara ƙarni 10 na girma a kowace shekara. Tsarin hunturu na wannan shuka yana da ƙasa, saboda haka ana bada shawara don haɓaka shi a cikin yankuna tare da masu ruwan sanyi.
Filifera. Tsawon wannan itaciyar na iya kaiwa har zuwa 5. shapeaƙar kambi ya yi daidai. Dangling ko spaced mai tushe karfi da yawa zuwa ƙarshen. Ba ya girma da sauri. Abubuwan da ake bukata a jiki suna da duhu launin shuɗi-mai launin toka-duhu. Noma tun 1861.
Nana. Wannan ɗan gajeren daji ne, ana ɗanɗana shi da jinkirin girma. Kambinsa na squat yana da siffar matashin kai. Irin wannan bishiyar, lokacin da yake shekara 60, yana iya samun tsayi na 0.6 m kawai, yayin da a diamita zai kai 1.5 m. Noma tun 1891.

Lawson Cypress (Dokokinana na Chamaecyparis)

Wurin haifuwar wannan nau'in shine Arewacin Amurka. A cikin yanayin daji, itaciya na iya kaiwa tsawon tsayi na 70. Gwanin yana da madaidaiciyar siffa ta conical wacce ke shimfida ƙasa, a matsayin mai mulkin, saman wannan itaciyar bishiya tana gefe zuwa gaɓoɓin, kuma rassan sun sami damar nutsewa a farfajiyar ƙasa. Haushi mai launin ruwan ƙasa-ja mai kauri ba mai kauri ba, yana fasa kan faranti. Sama na sama da kore allura mai sheki ne. Conaƙƙarfan launin ruwan kasa masu launin ruwan hoda suna da haske mai kauri, ƙaddarar su kuma ta bambanta daga 8 zuwa 10 santimita. Popular iri:

Lavson Elwood. Itace mai kambi mai kamanni, tsayinsa zai iya kaiwa zuwa 3 m.Rassan madaidaiciya suna dan kadan suna juyewa. Abubuwan buƙatun launin shuɗi suna da bakin ciki idan aka kwatanta da na asali. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa: Elwoody Gold, Elwoody Pijmy, Elwoody White, Elwoody Pillar.
Azulbar shuɗi. Wannan bishiyar dwarf na iya kaiwa tsawon 3.5 m. Wani kambi mai yawa yana da kunkuntar siffar pyramidal, kuma a nisan da ya kai 1.5 m. Tedan ƙananan allura ana fentin su a cikin launi mai launin shuɗi.
Lavson Flatchery. A tsayi, zai iya kai mita 8. A cikin wannan bishiyar, kambi ne kolonovidnaya yayin da aka umarci rassan. Green ko fitila mai launin shuɗi tare da farkon kaka yana bayyana launuka masu launin shuɗi. Noma tun 1911.

Dogon gidan yanar gizo (Chamaecyparis obtusa)

Wurin haifuwar wannan shuka shine Japan. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, zai iya kaiwa tsawon mil 50. Jirgin ruwan gangar jikin na iya kaiwa tsawan mitoci biyu. Haushi mai laushi mai launin shuɗi ne. The mai tushe reshe sau da yawa kuma sosai densely. The fi sun rataye kadan. Fuskokin gaban allura mai launin kore ne ko launin shuɗi mai haske-rawaya, kuma a saman teburin akwai wasu bayyane sarari madaidaiciya launuka masu launin fari. Ganyen Scaly an matse da mai tushe. Horar tun 1861 Mashahuri iri:

Albopikta. Tsawon irin wannan dwarf cultivar zai iya kaiwa santimita 200. Akwai rassa dayawa wadanda suke a kwance. Tukwici daga cikin rassan suna da launin fari-rawaya, kuma allura suna launin kore.
Sanderi. Irin wannan nau'in dwarf yana da halin girma sosai. Rashin daidaituwa na rassan suna kwance, kuma yana iya zama madaidaiciya. Branchesasashe masu fasali Alluran launin kore-shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a cikin hunturu suna canza launi zuwa launin shuɗi-purple.
Ofishin. Irin wannan bishiyar tana da kambi mai kamanni, kuma tsayin daka ya kai santimita 200. Dogon allura mai laushi ana fentin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.

Thuia cypress (Chamaecyparis mafarinas)

Asali daga Arewacin Amurka. A cikin yanayin daji, tsayin dabbar irin wannan bishiyar zai iya kaiwa har zuwa 25. Thean itacen yana da dutsen da ya kai kusan santimita ɗari. Crohn yana da kunkuntar mazugi siffar. Launin haushi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Ana fentin allura cikin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko duhu mai duhu, idan kun shafa shi, zaku iya jin ƙanshin halayyar. Noma tun 1736. Mashahurai siffofin:

Konika. Wannan itace mai jinkirin-girma mai girma yana da siffar keglevidnoy. Akwai madaidaiciyar katako Abubuwan da aka suturta da wuya su sunkuya.
Endeliensis. Wannan itaciyar da aka kera dwarf zata iya kaiwa tsayin tsayi na 2.5 m. Rassan gajeru ne kuma mai yawa. Rassan suna madaidaiciya kuma rassan fitila masu dan kadan suna kan su. Abubuwan da aka haɗa haɗe biyu ba a fentin su da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ba.

Nutkan cypress, ko rawaya (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis)

A cikin daji, zaku iya haduwa tare da bakin tekun Pacific. Tsawon irin wannan tsire-tsire zai iya kai mita 40. Akwai wani kambi mai laushi mara nauyi. The fi na rassan haifar da fan-dimbin yawa tsarin. Haushi mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi yana exfoliating. Idan kun ruban allurai duhu kore, zaku iya jin ƙanshi mai daɗin ji daɗi. Siffar abubuwan cones na fata ne. Mafi shahararrun siffofin sune:

Yin kuka (Pendula). Tsawon irin wannan shuka kusan 15 m, yana tsayayya da hayaki da fari. The fi na mai tushe suna drooping. Smallananan ƙananan allura suna da launi mai duhu duhu.
Glauka. Tsawon itacen bishiya na iya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 20 m. Gwanin sikirin da aka siffanta ta a diamita ya kai kimanin mita 6. Haushi mai launin launin shuɗi yana da matukar fashewa. Fentin allurai na spaly ana fentin surar launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.

Ko da yan lambu suna shuka ire-iren wadannan bishara irin su Formosan da makoki da aikin su.