Mealybug - yadda ake yin yaƙi

Tsutsotsi (Pseudococcidae) suna ne na kwaro na kwari mai kwari wanda ke da alaƙa da subccidus. Yana haɗe dangi kamar: giant, lamellar, mealy da tsutsotsi, kuma har ila yau. Waɗannan waɗannan sune mafi kusancin dangi na irin wannan kwari kamar ƙwayar cuta.

Mealybugs, kuma ana kiranta azaman shaggy, sune kwari masu tsotsa waɗanda ana iya ganinsu da ido tsirara. An kira su saboda yawan fitowar farin gashi mai kama da auduga. Mutane manya (mata), kazalika da larvae, ciyar a kan ruwan 'ya'yan itace matasa harbe, buds da ganyen shuka, tsotsa shi daga gare su. Saboda su, inji yana girma. Kwayoyin, an rufe su da farin sumul mai kama da foda kuma galibi suna da faranti waxs tare da gefen, suna motsawa sosai a kowane matakin haɓaka kuma kada ku zauna har yanzu. Matsakaitan suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da nau'in mealybug kuma yana iya zama daga 3 zuwa 6 ko daga 0.5 zuwa 12 millimeters. Wadannan kwari suna da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin halayen ilimin halittar jikin siffofin (dimorphism na jima'i). Don haka, ba kamar mace ba, maza suna da fuka-fuki (yawanci biyun farko), an yatsu gabar jiki sosai, kuma zaren kafa biyu na wutsiya suna cikin ciki. Babu bakin, kamar yadda mazan da suka manyanta basa buƙatar abinci.

Akwai nau'ikan halittu waɗanda ƙafafunsu ke raguwa ko ɓacewa baki ɗaya. Wadannan kwari suna da na'urar tsotse bakinsu. Yawancin nau'in mealybugs suna haifuwa ta hanyar sanya ƙwai, amma akwai kuma waɗanda mata suke da yawa. Oviposition yana faruwa a cikin farin audit kamar auduga. Ana nuna su ta hanyar haɓaka yawan haihuwa, saboda haka yawancin nau'ikan suna iya bayarwa daga 2 zuwa 4 zamaninsu a kowace shekara. Vagabonds, wato, abin da ake kira larvae na farkon, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna motsawa sosai a cikin shuka kuma har ma ana iya tura su ga wasu, ta hanyar haɓaka iska. Bayan sun manne da tsirrai, motsin su ya lalace. Koyaya, lardin baya-mataki wanda ya tsira daga molting ana sake tilasta su neman wurin ciyarwa. Hakanan, manya (mata) na wasu nau'in halittu suna iya motsawa ko'ina cikin shuka. Nan da nan kafin oviposition, yawancin siffofin suna barin babban wurin su don abinci mai aminci.

A cikin duniya akwai nau'ikan tsutsotsi sama da 1600, kuma ana samun su a kusan duk wani yanki na duniyar, amma yawancin su a cikin tsaunuka. Akwai nau'ikan waɗannan kwari da yawa waɗanda zasu iya lalata masana'antu, 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari, da kuma nau'in tsire-tsire na kore. Mafi na kowa sune: tsutsa tsutsawa daga Australiya (ta zauna akan 'ya'yan itace citrus, abun keɓewa), tsararren citrus, itacen innabi, ƙwayar zaitun, tsutsa na filawoyi, tsutsa bamboo, tsutsa na bakin teku, da kuma dabbobi (sanyawa a kan mulmula). Akwai nau'ikan waɗannan kwari da ke iya samar da abubuwa waɗanda mutane ke amfani da su a cikin masana'antar fenti da kayan ado (cochineal - ana amfani da shi don samar da jigon carmine cike da ja).

Alamomin kamuwa da cutar waje

Wadannan kwari za'a iya gane su cikin sauki, tunda suna da auduga mai kama da fari. Kuma zaka iya ganinsu cikin sauki ba tare da amfani da kayan aiki na musamman ba. Alamar da ta biyo baya cewa itaciyar ta shafa shine bayyanar raɓar zuma (narkewar sanyin), da kuma naman gwari mai daɗaɗɗa da ke zaune a kai. Ciyar da kan ruwan 'ya'yan itace harbe, ganye da buds, wadannan karin kwari suna ba da gudummawa ga lalacewar shuka a ci gaba da girma. Mealybug citrus mealybug, wanda yake gama gari, yana da ikon yin sulhu a kan tushen sai ya buge su.

Matakan hanyoyin kariya

Don dalilai na hanawa, ya zama dole don tsara tsirrai bisa tsirrai. Yana da mahimmanci musamman don yin wannan a cikin lokacin-kashe-kashe, da tsire-tsire waɗanda kwaro suka fi so su shirya mafi yawancin buƙatu, sune: ficus, croton, succulents, cacti, da sauran nau'ikan orchids. Kwaro ba ya son danshi kuma galibi ya fi son zama a cikin bushewa.

Kula da tsabta da matsewar lokacin ganyayyaki. An lura cewa akan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke fuskantar kullun don tsabtace hanyoyin tsabta (ganyen wanka), kwaro yana zaune da wuya.

Hanyoyi don yin gwagwarmaya

Idan cutar ta kasance mai laushi, to kawarda tsutsotsi zai zama da sauki. Kuna buƙatar saƙar auduga ko buroshi tare da bristles mai taushi. A hankali a cikin wani bayani na ruwa da sabulu a cire tsutsotsi da kuma whitish secretion daga sassan shuka. Don haka ku sami mafita wanda ya ƙunshi 1 lita na ruwa da 10-15 grams na sabulu kore. Suna buƙatar fesa shuka sau uku (tsaka-tsakin tsakanin sprayings shine makonni 1-1.5). Hakanan, magani tare da jiko na calendula ko barasa ya tabbatar da ingancinsa.

Idan shan kashi ya yi tsauri, to lallai ya zama dole a tsabtace tsirrai da hannu, sannan a bi ta da kayan aiki na musamman, misali: Biotlin, Confidant, Mospilan, Fitoverm, Aktara, Calypso, Confidor, Tanrek. Maimaita magani kowane mako 1-2. Wataƙila kuna buƙatar gwada ƙananan kayan aikin don nemo mafi inganci.

Magungunan mutane a yaƙi da tsutsotsi

Magani mai sanyi (wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen fesawa) - don shirye-shiryenta, manyan cokali 2 na man zaitun ya kamata a zuba a cikin lita 1 na ruwa kuma a haɗu da kyau. Yin amfani da sprayer ko akasin haka, bi da shuka.
Tafarnuwa tincture - tafasa gram 500 na ruwa, sannan a zuba a wani akwati inda ake tafasa albasa 4-5 a baya. Bari shi daga akalla awanni 4. Iri sakamakon jiko kuma, ba tare da dilging ba, to dukkan sassa na shuka tare da buroshi.
Horsetail tincture - tincture na Horsetail yana da tasiri sosai wajen magance waɗannan kwari. Ana iya amfani dashi duka don ban ruwa da kuma fesawa. Za'a iya siyan horsetail a kowane kantin magani kuma ana amfani dashi azaman diuretic, don tsaftacewa da jini, da sauransu. Schachtelhalmtee - wannan shine sunan shuka a Jamusanci.
Magani tare da sabulu da barasa - Haɗa ruwa na ruwa mai ruwa mai ruwa, sabulu mai ruwa (15 g.), Da kuma hana barasa (10 g.).

Chemical

Mafi tasirin abubuwan da ake iya amfani da su na kemikal shine lokacin da aka haife matasa (waɗanda aka zaɓa daga ƙwai ko daga mahaifar mahaifiyar). A wannan lokacin, larvae sun fi saurin kamuwa, tun da babu ruwansu da kakin zuma a kansu. Koyaya, bazai yiwu a rusa dukkanin kwari tare da jiyya ɗaya ba, kuma duk saboda tsire-tsire yana da tsutsotsi a lokaci guda na tsararraki daban-daban. A wannan batun, bayan lalata larvae na matasa, wani lokaci daga baya ake haihuwar sababbi. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a maimaita magani a lokaci-lokaci na makonni 1-2, yayin da ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa ƙaramin larvae, mafi sauƙi shine kashe.

Zaɓin sinadarai a cikin shaguna na musamman yana da girma, har ma akwai kwayoyi a cikin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da masu ba da labari. Bayan jiyya, wakilin ya sha kuma ya bayyana a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Bayan tsutsotsi su “ci” irin wannan ruwan, za su mutu.

Hanyoyi masu tasiri sosai a cikin yaƙi da irin waɗannan kwari sune waɗanda a cikinsu, ban da abubuwa masu aiki da kayan halitta, akwai ma mai. Amma waɗannan kuɗaɗen suna da rauninsu. Dole ne a yi amfani da wannan magani ga waɗancan sassan shuka da ke kamuwa, tare da la'akari da yiwuwar mafaka na mealybugs.

Kafin ka fara amfani da fesa, dole ne ka yi nazarin umarnin da ya zo da shi a hankali. Gaskiyar magana ita ce cewa nisa daga inda aka fesa maganin yana da mahimmanci, saboda idan ya zama mai ƙarfi sosai, to, fure kawai zai iya ƙone.

Hakanan zaka iya sayan kuɗi a cikin hanyar granules ko sanduna don tsarin tushen. A wannan yanayin, kawai ya zama dole don yin la'akari da gaskiyar cewa sun haɗa ba kawai magani ba, har ma da abubuwan gina jiki. Sabili da haka, kafin amfani, ya kamata a karanta abun da ke cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi, saboda akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire waɗanda tsarin tushensu yana da matukar damuwa ga salts iri-iri kuma ana iya lalace (ƙone ƙone) a sakamakon. Ba za a iya amfani da waɗannan kuɗin don irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba. A wasu halaye, za'a iya narkar da samfurin a cikin tsarkakakken ruwa. A sakamakon wannan, tasirinsa zai zama mai rauni, kuma tushen zai sami damar karɓar abinci mai gina jiki da magunguna.

Yi hankali da lura da lokacin maimaita aiki na shuka, wanda ya kamata a nuna akan fakitin miyagun ƙwayoyi da aka yi amfani dashi. Rashin kiyaye wannan zai iya haifar da bayyanar tsararraki mafi tsayayya ga shirye-shiryen sunadarai.

Babban nau'ikan

Powdery Mealybug (mai magana a kan dogon)

Lalacewa ga shuka shine kai tsaye lalacewa ta hanyar larvae da mata manya. A cikin tsayi, irin wannan mace na iya isa millimita 3.5, kuma jikinta, wanda ke da siffar oval mai tsawo kuma ana fentin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda ko lemo mai launin shuɗi, yana da laushi mai laushi. Wadannan kwari sunyi cikakkiyar kafafu saboda haka suna iya motsawa da yardar rai daga wannan shuka zuwa wani. Mace suna viviparous. Mafi sau da yawa, sun tara a gefen ba daidai ba na ganye, a cikin sinuses, a kan rassan, har ma a kan fi na matasa mai tushe a cikin hanyar mazauna. Wannan kwaro yana da girma babba kuma saboda haka ana iya ganinsa da sauƙi tare da ido tsirara. Yana da halayyar alkama mai rufi a jiki, kuma yana da warin gashi kamar auduga. Ganyayyakin da kwari suka sauka akan rawaya sune suka mutu. Girma da haɓaka harbe yana raguwa. A cikin kwararan fitila, wadannan kwari zasu iya hawa karkashin sikelin kwan fitila, kuma a cikin citta, a karkashin haushi. A ɗakin tsutsotsi da tsutsotsi suka bar, naman saƙar fata sauy yakan zauna.

Mealy mealbug (Pseudococcus citri)

A saman jikin wata mace mai girma, wacce aka fentin launin rawaya ko ruwan hoda, akwai wani abu mai laushi na farin ciki. Tsarin jikin yana da fadi. Ya haɓaka kafafu. A kananan adadin maza. Matasa larvae suna rarraba a ko'ina cikin shuka. Don haka, ana iya ganin su a litattafan ganye (waɗanda ke tare da manyan jijiyoyin jini), a kan mai tushe. Idan shan kashi yana da ƙarfi sosai, to, mulkin kwari yana da girma sosai, kuma za su iya shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace da tsirrai, waɗanda ke lalata shi. Ganyayyaki sun juya launin rawaya da mai tushe sun bushe. Soty naman gwari zauna a kan rufin asirin da kwari.

Seaside Mealybug (Karin affinis)

Wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Mace ta girma tana da jiki mai tsawon rai, a tsawon sa tana iya kai mil 3 ko 4, kuma a faɗi - mil 2-2.5. Launin launin ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda-launin toka-toka, kuma a saman fatar akwai farar fata mai launin shuɗi. Kafafu na haɓaka. Waingan maza sun yi ƙanƙanta a hankali kuma suna tashi da duk bazara. Propagated da qwai. Matansu suna kwance a cikin jakunan kwai na musamman, waɗanda ke da saɓo mai ƙamshi wanda ba shi da tsari, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo. Mafi yawan lokuta, kafin kwanciya qwai, mace na neman wuraren da ba keɓewa ba, misali: ganye mai jujjuyawa, fasa a cikin haushi, cokali mai yatsa a cikin rassan, da sauransu. Ta hannu kananan larvae fentin cikin rawaya ba su da kakin zuma mai rufi.

Wadannan kwari a cikin kankanin lokaci sun mamaye daukacin tsire-tsire, kuma ana iya canza su zuwa wasu, iska, dabbobi har ma mutane suna taimaka musu a cikin wannan. Larvae ya zama tsutsotsi na manya bayan makonni 4-6. Suna cin ruwan 'ya'yan itaciyar, suna tsotse shi. A sakamakon wannan, shuka da gangan ke daina girma, kuma bayan wannan ya mutu. Tsarin tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta suna girma sosai a hankali kuma ba a rasa fure. Yellowing da mutuwar foliage faruwa. Kwayoyi suna barin ruwa wanda salatin naman gwari ya zauna.

Tsire-tsire masu haɗarin kamuwa da cuta

Amaryllis, bishiyar asparagus, lemun tsami, fuchsia, camellia, gerbera, philodendron, monstera, Kalanchoe, citrus, azalea, cactus, dabino, inabi, cissus, oleander, anthurium, hibiscus.