Lambun Hydrangea ba baƙi bane kullun a cikin shirye shiryen mu na sirri. Kuma gaba ɗaya a banza ne, saboda furanni na hydrangea suna da paloti mai launi, baƙon abu a cikin tsari kuma yana iya zama ainihin ado don ƙirar mutum.
A cikin wannan labarin, zamu dauki ɗan gajeren balaguro zuwa cikin abubuwan da suka gabata don sanin ku game da tarihin fure na hydrangea, ba da labarin nau'ikan da nau'ikan hydrangea, ba da shawarwari don dasa shukar hydrangea da kula da shi, kuma, ba shakka, samar da damar jin daɗin furanni na lambun hydrangea. hoto.
Hydrangea furanni a gonar
Yanayin tsakiyar Rasha ba shi da arziki a cikin shuki shuki. Tsire-tsire masu hunturu-Hardy da aka gabatar daga wasu wurare sun cika wannan rata. Wasu daga cikinsu (kamar ƙwayoyin fure, daɗaɗɗun shuɗi) suna da matukar ƙauna kuma suna yadu a cikin lambunan Rasha don mutum ya sami jin cewa waɗannan tsire-tsire na '' asalinmu 'ne. Wasu kuma an yi watsi da su har yanzu baƙi ne sosai a cikin lambunan. Waɗannan sun haɗa da furanni na hydrangea furanni, kodayake yana da wahala a sami shukar da zata sami irin wannan fure na rabin lokacin bazara na biyu.
Bugu da kari, a tsakanin hydrawas na lambu akwai wasu nau'ikan da suka dace da yanayin yanayi mai kyau kuma ana nuna su ta hanyar unpretentiousness a cikin al'ada. Sabili da haka, yana da wuya mu bayyana irin "rashin" namu. Amma zaɓin aiki na wannan al'ada, wanda ke ba mu ƙarin iri-iri, na ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban da nau'ikan hydrangeas a cikin lambuna masu matsakaici suna fitowa sosai kuma sau da yawa.
Furannin lambun Hydrangea: tushen tarihi
Turawa sun san hydrangea a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, lokacin da mahalarta taron suka kawo faran-faran-faran-faran daga cikin Tekun Mauritius a Tekun Indiya. An karɓi sunanta da girmamawa ga kyakkyawar Gimbiya Hortense, yar'uwar Yarima K.G. Nassau-Siegen, memba na balaguron. Akwai wani karin magana mai kwazo wanda likitan Faransa kuma masanin kimiyar dabi'a F. Commerson ya rada mata don girmamawa ga mai farin cikin Hortense. Koyaya, akwai cikakken bayanin magana cewa sunan ya fito daga kalmar Latin hortensis, wanda ke nufin "daga lambun", tunda an gano daji a gonar gwamnan tsibirin na Mauritius.
Daga baya, masana botan, suna sanya hydrangea ga halittar Hydrangea, sunanta da sunan hydrangea, duk da haka, ana kiyaye tsohuwar suna a wani suna na wannan nau'in - hydrangea. Dankin ya karɓi sabon suna don ƙaunar danshi. A cikin Hellenanci, hydor shine “ruwa,” fushi shine “jirgin ruwa,” wanda ya baiwa Hydrangea.
Bayyanar kalmar "jirgin ruwa" a cikin take an jingina ta ga wasu marubuta ga gaskiyar cewa kwalaye na shuka sun yi kama da juji, wasu suna da buƙatar samun jirgin ruwa a ruwa don yalwar ruwa.
Iri da nau'ikan hydrangeas a cikin hoto
Halin halittar hydrangeas ya ƙunshi nau'ikan dozin da yawa (botanists har yanzu basu da ra'ayi ɗaya akan yawan nau'in halittu) kuma mallakar gidan hydrangeaceae suna iri ɗaya.
Yawancin nau'ikan tsirrai suna tare da manyan ganye, ƙasa da kullun waɗannan ƙananan bishiyoyi ne ko creepers.
Kamar yadda za'a iya gani a cikin hoto, duk nau'ikan hydrangeas suna da furanni waɗanda aka tattara a cikin babban corymbose ko inficrescences paniculate kuma sun kasance, a matsayin mai mulkin, a ƙarshen harbe.
A cikin mafi yawan nau'in inflamrescences na hydrangea sun ƙunshi furanni iri biyu: ƙananan furanni (m) furanni da manyan ƙananan yara (bakararre), waɗanda yawanci suna gefen gefen inflorescences. Launin yawancin nau'ikan fararen fata ne ko ruwan hoda.
Bayanin hydrangea da tsoro
Don aikin lambu a tsakiyar Rasha, panicle da itacen hydrangeas suna da matukar sha'awa. Wadannan hydrangeas galibi ana samunsu a tsoffin lambuna.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, zaɓi na panicle hydrangea (H.paniculata) ya kasance mai aiki sosai, kuma kusan kowace shekara sababbin nau'ikan suna bayyana a kasuwa. A cikin gidajen lambuna na Yankin Moscow, haɓakar sa ba ta wuce 3-3.5 m. Bayanin panicle hydrangea yayi daidai da bayanin hydrangea itace, babban bambanci yana cikin yanayin inflorescences.
Wide-pyramidal panicle inflorescences na hydrangea har zuwa 20-25 cm tsayi ya ƙunshi ƙananan fure masu fure da manyan bakararre.
Dubi sama a cikin hoto na hydrangea tsoro - launi na petals fari ne da farko, to, sun j pinkya ruwan hoda, kuma zuwa ƙarshen greenarshen fure kore sautunan launin fure suna fitowa a gamutrsu. Wannan alamar canza launi zuwa digiri ɗaya ko wata halayyar iri iri ce. Manyan liwararrun ƙwalla ko tsallake yana fita a hankali ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi a sama kuma yana da ƙarfi a ƙasa.
Ana bambanta nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan fure. Early iri Bloom a watan Yuni, mafi girma fara Bloom a Yuli.
Amma sabon fure mai suna hydrangea cultivar "Tardiva" ("Tardiva") bai kamata a dasa shi ba, tunda ya yi fure a watan Oktoba, kuma kawai bashi da lokacin bayyana kansa. Zai dace a lura cewa galibi a karkashin wannan suna, ire-ire "Floribunda" ("Floribunda") ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Yamma.
Abin tsoro Hydrangea "Grandiflora"
Mafi sau da yawa, tsohuwar hydrangea cultivar Gmndiflom (Grandiflora), ko, kamar yadda kuma ana kiranta a Yammacin Turai, Pee Gee (daga raguwa na Paniculata Grandiflora) ana girma a cikin lambuna. Tsoron Hydrangea "Grandiflora" yana da babban, inflorescences mai yawa, mai kunshe da furanni masu bakararre.
Gas na hydrangea "Limelight"
Hydrangea "Limelight" shine farkon nau'ikan da ke cike da dimbin yawa na fure-fure masu launuka masu launuka daban daban, suna canza launin ruwan hoda a ƙarshen kakar.
Gas na hydrangea Iyakance ya kai tsayin 1.6-2 m. copyaramin kwafi - "Lan Lime" ("Little Lemun tsami") har zuwa 1 m high.
Gas na hydrangea "Pinky Winky"
Hydrangea "Pinky Winky", syn. "DVPinky" ("Pinky Winky")yana da zane-zane na gaskiya na conical tare da ɗimbin furanni masu bakararre, suna samun launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Panicle hydrangea "Pinky Winky" ya kai tsayi 1.5-1.8.
Abin tsoro Hydrangea "fatalwa"
Hydrangea "fatalwa" ("Fatalwa") - babban daji har zuwa 2.5 m high tare da yada kambi da manya manyan pyramidal cream-farin inflorescences. A ƙarshen faɗuwar panicle hydrangea inflorescences "Phantom" zai juya launin ruwan hoda.
Gas alaykum "Vanilla Freyz"
Bambancin "Vanille Fraise" (Vanilla Freise) yana da matukar girma conical inflorescence, da sauri samun m strawberry-ruwan hoda launi. Real filla-furen kayan zaki. Wani daji mai tsayi har zuwa mita 2. Aaramin kwafi na hydrangea iri iri Vanilla Freise shine Sundae Fraise iri-iri (Lahadi Frez), wanda ya kai tsayin mita 1-1.2.
Iri daban-daban na panicle hydrangea
Yanzu kasuwa tana ba da babban adadin nau'ikan nau'ikan hydrangea na panicle, suna bambanta cikin yawa da launi na inflorescences, tsawo na bushes, da lokacin fure.
"Dharuma" ("Daruma")wataƙila mafi yawan nau'ikan yanayin rashin ƙarfi. Openan ƙaramar buɗewa mai maƙarƙashiyar buɗeffiyar fata-mara nauyi ya zama ruwan hoda mai duhu akan lokaci. Har ila yau ganyayyaki suna samun sautin launin ja, suna haɗa launin ja da harbe.
Hydrangea "Ingantaccen Rouge" (Tsarin lu'u-lu'u ") bambanta cikin babban inflorescences mai yawa kuma mai saurin bayyanar launuka masu launin ja. Shuka 1.5-1.8 m.
Bambancin "Sahihin Farko", syn. "Girma" ("Sannu a hankali Airlie")blooms sosai da wuri tare da fadi-mazugi-dimbin yawa budework inflorescences. M furanni da sauri juya m-m, jituwa tare da cikin duhu purple harbe. Ta hanyar kaka, ganyen kuma ya samo launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
"Babban Star," syn. "Le Vasterival" (Babban Star) - iri-iri tare da manya-manyan fararen furanni masu fure tare da furannin elongated a cikin sifar “furotin”, suna tafe akan dumbin furanni mai yawan furanni. Bush tsayi har zuwa 2 m.
"Kiyushu" ("Kiushu") - An tsohon iri-iri har zuwa 2.5 m high, halin madaidaiciya harbe da kuma openwork inflorescences. Ba lallai ne mu kama warin da aka bayyana ba.
Hydrangea "Fadar White" ("Sarauniyar White"). Dogon launi mai laushi ana yin ado da flowersan manyan furanni tare da kifayen gefuna na fure. Furen ya riƙe fararen launi na dogon lokaci. Bush tsayi har zuwa 2 m.
Daban-daban "Wim" s Red " (Wims Red) - wani kyakkyawan sifa mai kyau har zuwa 2 m high tare da manyan inflorescences m rufe shi daga sama zuwa ƙasa. Yana blooms a watan Yuni tare da fararen furanni, wanda sai ya zama m ruwan hoda kuma, a ƙarshe, burgundy ja.
Itace Hydrangea da hotonta
Wani kyakkyawa wanda ke jure yanayin mu har abada shine birni kamar itace (H. arborescens). Wannan shi ne low shrub har zuwa 1.5 m high tare da m zagaye kambi da dan kadan pubescent harbe. Ganyen hydrangea suna da yawa, ovate ko elliptical, serrated a gefen gefen, tare da ƙira mai kamannin zuciya a gindi. Ganyen yana kore kore, laushi a ƙasa.
Kamar yadda za'a iya gani a hoto, hydrangea itace yana da corymbose inflorescence, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan fararen furanni masu girma da kuma manyan bakarare. Yana blooms ci gaba na farkon rabin Yuli. A cikin tsananin tsananin sanyi yana iya daskarewa.
Daban-daban na itacen hydrangea: hotuna da kwatanci
Kamar yadda batun birni mai firgitawa, lambuna yawanci basa haɗuwa da wata halitta ta dabi'a, amma itace iri-iri na itacen hydrangea-kamar "Annabelle" ("Annabelle"), masu fure a manyan (har zuwa 25 cm a diamita) inflorescences na farin bakararre furanni.
Muhimmi mara yawa sune siffofin wannan Hydrangea "Gmndiflom" (Grandiflora) da "Sterilis" ("Sterilis") tare da irin wannan m hemispherical inflorescences daga bakarare furanni.
"Hayes Starburst," syn. "Sau biyu Annabelle" ("Hayes Starburst") - digiri na farko na hydrangea shine kamar itace tare da furanni biyu wanda ke cike da inflorescences tare da diamita na har zuwa cm 25. Furen fure a farko, sannan fararen fari. Bushes low, na bakin ciki harbe sau da yawa ba sa tsayayya da tsananin inflorescences. Tsawon daji shine 0.8-1.2 m.
"Incrediball", syn. Abetwo " ("Incrediball"), - wani iri-iri wanda ke damun girman farin ciki mai rauni. Tsawon daji shine 1.2-1.5 m.
Bambancin "InvincibelleSpirit", syn. "Invincibelle" (M Inuwa, nasara tare da manyan m inflorescences m daga furanni bakararre. A tsawon lokaci, furanni ya koma zuwa launin ruwan hoda mai haske. Dajin 0.9-1.2 m ne mai tsayi.
Bambancin "Farin Dome", syn. "Dardom" ("Fadar White House"), ya bambanta a cikin babban corymbose inflorescences tare da m-fari m haihuwa da kuma dusar ƙanƙara-fari bakararre furanni. Dankin shine 1-1.4 m high.
Bayan wadannan nau'ikan halittu guda biyu, ana iya samun sauran hydrangeas a cikin lambunan mu.
Da farko dai, Mr. Bretschneider (N. bretschneideri) ne. Wasu botanists ba su bambanta shi azaman daban ba, amma suna ɗaukarsa wani nau'in murfin ƙasa ne (N. heteromalla). Ba shi da ado kamar yadda jinsin aka bayyana a sama, amma yana da tsananin tsananin sanyi lokacin hunturu. Ya kai tsawo na 2.5-3 m kuma yana samar da ciyawa, ƙaƙƙarfan daji tare da kambi mai faɗi-zagaye tare da manyan ganye masu duhu. Blooms profusely daga ƙarshen Yuli tare da m laima-dimbin yawa inflorescences, kunshi kananan manyan fure, wanda aka yi wa ado tare gefen da manyan manyan bakarare furanni, samo m-m launi a karshen fure. Godiya ga kyawawan tsaran ganye mai tsabta da inflorescences mai laushi masu tsami, ɗan itacen yana da kyau don ƙirƙirar bango a cikin shinge.
Hydrangea ganye da hoton su
Hydrangea yana jan hankali ba kawai tare da furanni ba, har ma tare da kyawawan ganye mai kyau. A lokaci guda, akwai tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da ganyayyaki na musamman. A cikin birni mai haske (radiyo na N.) - wani lokaci ana kwatanta shi da nau'ikan bishiyoyin hydrangea - babban furen, kore mai duhu sama da farin-inzali na ƙasa. Idan aka dasa shuka a wuri mai iska, to zai yuwu a lura da “ambaliya” da launuka na fure. Blooms a Yuli tare da corymbose inflorescences tare da fararen farin m bakararre furanni. Yana da Hardy hunturu isa, amma ya kamata a rufe tsarin tushe, kuma ya kamata a lanƙwasa harbe a ƙasa. To, idan akwai daskarewa daga cikin harbe, da shuka zai dawo da sauri. Daban-daban "Samantha" ("Samantha") tare da manyan ganye da kuma musayar azurfa baya gefen da aka bred.
Biya kulawa ta musamman ga hoton ganyen hydrangea dubifolia (N. quercifolia). Ba kamar sauran nau'in halitta ba, amma ba ta da ganyaye baki ɗaya, amma ta yi ƙauri, tana kama da ganyen itacen oak, wanda ta sami takamaiman sunanta A cikin bazara, sun samo kyakkyawan launi mai launin ja-purple, suna ƙara fara'a ga daji. Bugu da kari, wannan nau'in yana fure a cikin manyan kyawawan abubuwan panicle inflorescences. Yawancin nau'ikan fure-fure na wannan hydrangea an samo su, amma ba ya isa sosai a yanayinmu, kuma yana da sauƙin samu da nau'ikan nau'ikan tsoro. Amma nau'in kanta da kuma musamman iri tare da foliage na ado ana iya amfani dashi azaman tsire-tsire na ado, suna girma dasu kamar perennials. A wannan yanayin, ya isa ya rufe tsarin tushe a cikin hunturu, kuma a cikin bazara sabon harbe tare da kyawawan ganye zai girma.
Hydrangea Bambanci "Burgundy" ("Burgundy") An bambanta shi da launi mai haske mai launin shuɗi mai haske na ganye, kuma a cikin “Little Honey” (“Little Honey”) yana jan hankali da sautunan rawaya na zinariya.
Petiole Hydrangea da hoto
Ganin cikin Baltic petrel hydrangea, ko hawa hydrangea (N. petiolaris = H. scandens), wasu yan lambu sunyi ƙoƙarin haɓaka shi a nan, suna manta cewa lokacin bazara sun fi sauƙi a jihohin Baltic. A cikin yanayinmu, ana iya amfani da wannan nau'in a matsayin tsintsiyar ƙasa, ko ta cire shi daga cikin goyon bayansa a ƙarƙashin hunturu. Shelterarin tsari ba zai lalace ba, saboda harbe zai iya sha wahala a cikin winters ba tare da dusar ƙanƙara ba
Dubi hoton hydioa na petiole - wannan tsire-tsire yana da manyan, corymbose, sako-sako da ya ƙunshi furanni masu ilea withan furanni tare da furannin keɓaɓɓun furanni. An kafa tushen daskararrun iska da kofuna waɗanda tsotsa a jikin harbe, tare da taimakon wannan hydrangea zai iya hawa zuwa tsawan tsawan zuwa 25 a kudu. Sakamakon babban ganye mai launin duhu mai launin zuciya, lokacin da aka girma a matsayin mai ba da izinin ƙasa, yakan samar da “mayafin” kore mai duhu.
Babban ganye hydrangea da hotonta
Har zuwa yanzu, mafi kyawun ƙauna da ake so shine babban ganye mai ganye-hydrangea, wanda suka fara labarin. Ba kamar sauran tsarurruka ba, yana kama da launuka daban-daban, kuma ba kawai tare da launuka daban-daban ba: fari, ruwan hoda, jan, shuɗi, shuɗi, violet, har ma da haɗinsu.
Kamar yadda za'a iya gani a cikin hoto na hydrangea mai tsalle-tsalle, ana ƙara nau'ikan furen fure da inflorescences a cikin wannan launi iri-iri.
Koyaya, maƙancin hunturursa ba zai yi daidai da dusar ƙanƙararmu ba, kuma zaɓi zaɓin tsari mai aminci ba aiki ne mai sauƙi ba. Idan ba a rufe harbe da kyau ba, to, za su daskare, idan an rufe su sosai, amma zai zama danshi, harbe-harben zai tattake. Idan ka rufe latti ko bude a cikin bazara ma da wuri, to kuwa fure furen ya mutu. Zaɓin abin dogara mafi dacewa shine lokacin da aka girma hydrangea a cikin gidan kore, sannan a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa, a sake canjawa zuwa ga greenhouse a lokacin bazara, kuma a tsabtace a cikin bene don hunturu.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sababbin nau'ikan "hunturu-Hardy" sun fito, waɗanda ke nuna shi daga fure remont.
Waɗannan sune sanannun jerin Jirgin bazara mai ƙarewa, abbr. ES (Sammé marar iyaka), kuma har abada & abada, abbr. FE (Tsohuwar Hauwa'u). Masu siyarwa sun mai da su “san hawa ba tare da tsari ba” saboda furannin fure ba zasu iya jure sanyi ba, kuma harbe yakan daskare. Babban bambanci daga tsoffin nau'ikan shine cewa zasu iya yin fure akai-akai akan harbe na shekarar da muke ciki. Amma wannan ga yanki na 7-8 ne.
Idan kuna son samun fure a cikin harbe na bara, to kuna buƙatar rufe daji don hunturu, kuma duk abin da aka bayyana a sama ya kasance gaskiya ga waɗannan nau'ikan. Idan har yanzu kayi nasarar ajiye harbe, kuma hydrangea dinka yayi fure, to wannan baya nufin yana bunƙasa a karo na biyu. A cikin yankin namu, lokacin yayi gajere da rage jimlar tabbataccen yanayin zafi, don haka mai yiwuwa shuka ba su da lokacin yin fure a karo na biyu. Don wannan ya faru, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar greenhouse sama da daji a cikin bazara don shuka ya fara ciyayi a baya; dasa pruning fure harbe da wuri-wuri; ya kamata a dasa daji a wani wuri mai zafin rana kuma a shayar da shi sosai; aiwatar da suturar kai na yau da kullun kuma ku sami microclimate “dumi” a yankin ku. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya samun damar maimaita furewa.
Dasa kuma kula da lambun hydrangea
Tsire-tsire ba su da ma'ana, amma yana da kyau a zaɓi wuraren buɗewa ko inuwa mai mahimmanci don dasa shuki na hydrangea (don nau'ikan launuka, ƙaramin inuwa da rana yana da kyawawa). Wajibi ne wurin da kyau, musamman ga nau'ikan da ke da ƙarfi.
Lokacin dasawa da kula da lambun hydrangea, ba za ku iya damu da matsanancin jika na musamman na ƙasa tare da ma'adanai ba, wannan tsire-tsire ba mai nema bane. Koyaya, yana girma kuma yana fure mafi kyau akan sako-sako, ƙasa, ƙasa mai-ruwa tare da amsawar acid (pH na kimanin 5-6). Sabili da haka, peat an gabatar dashi a cikin substrate.
Calcephobic hydrangeas, wanda yakamata a yi la'akari lokacin zabar tsire-tsire abokin tarayya da amfani da takin zamani. Tare da alkalization na kasar gona ko shigar da lemun tsami, tsire-tsire suna haɓaka chlorosis. Kamar yadda sunan kwayoyin halitta ya nuna, hydrangeas suna buƙatar kan danshi na ƙasa kuma sun fi son yawan shayarwa, musamman a kwanakin zafi.
A kasar gona lokacin da kula da lambun hydrangea dole ne a mulched don kiyaye danshi. Har ila yau, an dasa daskararre a cikin hunturu don rufe tushen tushen. Don tabbatar da fure mai fure na hydrangeas a cikin ƙasa buɗe, ciyarwa na yau da kullun wajibi ne. A cikin bazara, bayan trimming, ana amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen, daga baya (a cikin Mayu-Yuni) ana ciyar da su tare da hadaddun takin da ba ya ƙunshi alli da chlorine, phosphoric da potassium ana haɗa su a cikin lokaci na buding kuma a ƙarshen watan Agusta - sulfate na potassium. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi azaman sutturar rigakafin miya na kayan miya tare da superphosphate.
Haɓaka hydrangeas ya ƙunshi fitar da tilas a cikin bazara (a watan Afrilu-Mayu). Matsakaiciyar shuki na iya sarrafa tsawan daji. Ba tare da pruning, da bushes thicken, wanda ke shafar yawa na fure da kuma girman inflorescences.
Yarancin damarar hunturu-Hardy suna buƙatar tsari na hunturu. Abinda yafi dacewa shine tukunyar tukunya, lokacin da ake girbi tsire-tsire a cikin kaka a lokacin bazara sannan kuma aka tura shi cikin ginin.
A yau, isasshen adadin nau'ikan da aka bred don ku iya zaɓar shuka don lambun ku. Hydrangea namo ne da za'ayi ba kawai ba ko a cikin kungiyoyi, amma kuma a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da sauran tsirrai. Godiya ga marigayi fure, yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar gadaje na fure wanda ke faranta mana rai a ƙarshen kakar.
