Ciyawar da ta lalace ana samun ta a cikin Turai (daga Norway a arewa zuwa Corsica a kudu kuma daga Netherlands a yamma zuwa duwatsun Ural a gabas) da Asiya (Turkiya da Caucasus, Asiya ta Tsakiya), tana girma a cikin gandun daji, murna, sharewa, gefuna, a tsakanin tsirrai , a cikin lambuna da gonakin marmari, a wurare masu ban dariya. A cikin gandun daji da sauran wurare masu cike da inuwa, saukakan na iya yin girma ba na shekaru ba. Irin waɗannan dunƙulen an haɗa su da ƙananan rhizomes. Mafi karancin tsammanin rayuwa kusan shekaru 50 ne.
Kwancen yau da kullun (Aegopodium podagraria).
Bayanin mafarkin
Dreame (Aegopodium) shi ne mai al'adun gargajiya na tsiro herbaceous shuke-shuke daga cikin umbelliferous iyali.
Mafarki rhizome kwance, karkashin kasa, creeping. Kara suna madaidaiciya, da aka fizge, baffan ko ɗan ƙaramin fitsari, m petioles, ƙarami da disasa da watsa. A pubescence a cikin ganyayyaki ne kawai daga ƙasa.
Inflorescence na mafarki garkuwar garkuwa ce ta 5-10, laima tare da haskoki 20 zuwa 30, ba tare da masu ɗamara da kayan murfi ba, laima na furanni 15 zuwa 20. A cikin laima mai rikitarwa akwai furanni 300-500 (akwai sama da 3000 daga cikinsu akan tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya). Furanni ƙananan, farar fata da kusan kamannin furanni guda biyar. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ƙananan yanki ne, mai shuɗewa, tsawon mm mm 3-4, launin ruwan kasa, tare da haƙarƙari.
Yana blooms daga Yuni zuwa Yuli, game da kwanaki 30. Furanni suna jawo ƙudan zuma (da sauran kwari) a duk tsawon lokacin hasken rana, amma musamman daga sa'o'i 11 zuwa 15. Yawan aiki na zuma har zuwa kilo 240 a kowace 1 ha. A cikin yanayi mai dumin rai da danshi yayin lokacin furanni, ribar yau da kullun na hive sarrafawa shine kilogiram 3-4 (don duk lokacin furanni - 30-40 kg).
Tsire-tsire suna yin fure a lokaci guda, yayin da ake ganin farin gajimare ya faɗi ƙasa. I. Shishkin ya so yin zane. Ana adana zane-zane guda biyu wanda aka nuna hotonta a dakin adana kayan tarihi na Rasha da kuma Tretyakov Gallery. Bugu da ƙari, sunan Tretyakov shine "Snow-ciyawa", tuno cewa mafarkin mai yiwuwa ne.
A kusurwar da lambun overgrown. Mafarkin ciyawa. Nazari. Shishkin I.I.Yaƙar Damuwa
Haɓaka fari sako ne wanda ba shi da daɗi wanda yake da wuyar shaƙar gaba ɗaya. Tushen bishiyoyin ya wuce 40 cm a cikin ƙasa, don haka shuka ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa ko da bayan ayyukan injina. Cin nasara da sako zai taimaka wajen toshe hanyoyin hasken wuta (kwali, fim mai duhu) ko shuka dankali, kamar yadda ciyawar bazai amsa da kyau ga tsaunin ba.
Daga cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da fashewar sinadarai na mafarki, ya dace a lura da Roundup, Tornado da Killer. Yakin kemikal tare da ciyawa shine mafi kyawun aikatawa sau da yawa a cikin kakar, a ranakun kwantar da hankula. Koyaya, kar ka manta cewa tsire-tsire masu haɗari suna da haɗari ga mahalli, haɗe da ɗan adam.
Barci a cikin lambuna mai son abin aukuwa ne gama gari. Ko da a cikin sababbin gidajen lambuna, nutsuwa an rubuta shi da sauri. Amma wannan ba dalili bane don yin fushi, da yawa ƙasa da tsoro. Lura cewa ado mai nau'in ado na mafarki yana da taushi kamar mafarki na yau da kullun, don haka yakamata a yi amfani da amfanin shi sosai don iyakance yaduwar mafarkai a cikin dukkan lambun.
Drum yana jin daɗi a wurare masu duhu kuma yana hana sauran ganye. Amma a kan ciyawar rana tare da motsi na yau da kullun, snoozing ba zai iya yin gasa tare da ciyawa da ciyawa ba kuma da sauri ya koma baya. Amma a kan shimfiɗar rumfa yana da wuya a rabu da mafarkin - ciyawar ciyawa tana rauni ba tare da isasshen hasken rana ba, mafarkin yana da kyau sosai: inuwa mai ɗaci da inuwa m yanayinsa ne. A kan ciyawar ciyawa, wataƙila kuna buƙatar yin amfani da herbicides na musamman don sarrafa tsire-tsire dicotyledonous.
Rashin adalci yau da kullun.
Lambuna da kayan amfanin gona na shekara-shekara (dankali, tulips, da sauransu), wanda ke buƙatar maimaita digging na ƙasa kowace shekara da zaɓi na lokaci ɗaya na rhizomes na mafarki, a zahiri share ƙasa mafarki. A akasin wannan, perennials da shukoki suna da saukin kamuwa da cuta mai ƙwanƙwasawa, daga inda yake da wahalar lemun tsami.
Lokacin amfani da magungunan kashe kwari don magance matsalar nutsuwa, yakamata a yi amfani da maida hankali wajen magance matsalar (sau biyu ko fiye), kuma har yanzu, za ayi amfani da zagaye-akai. Idan babu da yawa, to, ya dace don sanyaya ganyen mafarkin tare da mafita mai aiki ta amfani da goga. Lokacin amfani da mai siyarwa, ya dace don saka kan fesa wani kwalban filastik mai fadi tare da sarewa - wannan yana sa ya yiwu a fesa soket na mafarki (ko Dandelion), kusan ba tare da cutar da makwabta ba. A cewar masu lambu, ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar karamin allura ta hanyar zagaye tare da sirinji a cikin tushe ko zuciyar mafarkin mafarki. Hakanan, ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar bushewa tare da aikin aiki na sabo na datsa (da sauran ciyayi).
An yi imani da cewa idan kun ba da damar yin fure, shuka ta mutu, i.e. hali kamar talakawa biennial. Idan shuka bai yi fure ba, to, yana nuna kamar ciyawa ne, kamar sako-mai-wuya, da yaduwa ta hanyar creeping rhizomes, kamar yadda galibi haka yake a cikin gidajen lambun mai son.
Yaya za a guji yaduwar mafarki a gonar?
Na farko, kar ku bar rigar mafarki da iri. Abu na biyu, bai kamata ku sanya waɗannan laima da rhizomes na mafarkai a cikin takin ba, saboda har ma da ƙaramin tushen mafarki wanda ya rayu a takin na iya yin toho da samar da mafarki a cikin sabon wuri. Amma ina zan sa su? Don zubar da mafarki, yana da kyau a yi amfani da tsohuwar ganga inda zaku iya jefa ciyawa mai tushe tare da tushen da kuma tushen: shekara mai zuwa ƙara ƙasa kaɗan a saman kuma dasa wani abu - duk mafarkin "zai ƙone". Hakanan zaka iya amfani da bakakkun filastik na baki don datti - a cikin jaka da aka ɗaure na shekara ɗaya churn ya juya zuwa humus.
Mafarkan talakawa 'Variegatum'.
Amfani da mafarki a magani
Girbi albarkatun kasa
Maganin albarkatun kasa shine sashin iska, mara galibi - tushen mafarki. An girbe ciyawa lokacin fure. An bushe cikin sararin sama, sannan kuma a na'urar bushewa a zazzabi na 25-30 ° C. An tono Tushen bazara bayan ƙarshen lokacin furanni na shuka, a wanke a ruwan sanyi kuma a bushe a cikin inuwa ko a alfarwa.
An adana sassan matattun jiragen ruwa a cikin akwati gilashin rufe, kuma ana ajiye Tushen a cikin akwati na katako. Tsayayyar rayuwar kayan abinci shine shekara 1.
Abubuwa masu aiki
Mahimman mai, steroids, mahadi mai dauke da sinadarin nitrogen, Vitamin C, flavonoids, microelements (baƙin ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, manganese, titanium da boron), an samar da enzymes da phytoncides a cikin ganyayyaki, mai tushe da furanni na mafarkai. Tushen ya ƙunshi sunadarai, carbohydrates, mai mai mahimmanci, mahadi nitrogen, ƙwayoyin polyacetylene, phenol carboxylic acid da coumarins.
Kwancen yau da kullun (Aegopodium podagraria).
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na mafarki
Magungunan haƙori na hakora suna da maganin hana kumburi, farfadowa, diuretic da raunin warkarwa. Suna haɓaka aikin rage ƙwayar hanta, sun kuma inganta aikin hanji - dakatar da kumburi da kuma daidaita yanayin haɓakar gishiri.
Kasancewar polyacetylene mahadi a cikin shuka ya ba shi abin ban tsoro, wato, antifungal, dukiya.
Recipes na Mafarki
Ana amfani da ganyen likitan hakora don dalilai na magani a cikin sabo da busasshen tsari, da kuma jiko daga gare su.
A sha 2 tbsp. tablespoons na sassaƙa sassa na shuka, zuba su da 1 kopin ruwan zafi, tafasa a cikin rufaffiyar gilashin ko enamel tasa a cikin wanka na ruwa na mintina 15, kwantar da mintina 45, tace ta hanyar shimfidawa na 2-3 na matsi, matsi da kuma ƙara ruwan daɗaɗɗa zuwa girman asali. Yi amfani da lokacin rana daidai da rabo don maganin cututtukan fata, gout, koda da cututtukan mafitsara, da kuma cututtukan fata na fungal. Fresh ganye suna da sakamako na farfadowa, an murƙushe su kuma suna cinyewa, suna amfani da wurare masu raɗaɗi azaman motsa jiki mai motsa jiki don gout, rheumatism da kuma matakai daban-daban na kumburi.
An shirya wanka daga tushen Dentist, wanda ke taimakawa sosai tare da myositis da polyarthritis.
Niƙa 40 g na tushen commona commonan gama gari, zuba 1 lita na ruwan zãfi, tafasa minti 10, nace 30 da minti, tace kuma ku zuba a cikin wanka tare da yawan zafin jiki na 36-37 ° C. Wannan wanka ya fi kyau da dare.
Rashin adalci yau da kullun.
Hujjojin Abinci
Ana amfani da ƙuruciya na datti, ganye da petioles na ganye don abinci, daga abin da ake dafa kabeji, miyan, borscht, an shirya jita-jita na gefe, kayan yaji don nama da jita, kifi, an yi salads. Ganyen suna daɗaɗɗa don hunturu, kamar kabeji, kuma an yanyanka ganye. Ta hanyar tallata, za ka iya canza kayan lambu ka ba su dandano na peculiar.
Za'a iya ƙara ƙwayar zuwa kowane kayan girke-girke, na farko da na biyu. Irin wannan “kayan yaji” daga mafarki ba wai kawai “zai ƙwace” su bane, a'a, sai a wadatar dasu da bitamin, ma'adanai da sauran abubuwan amfani na rayuwa, banda a basu kyautuka da kuma wasu abubuwan da zasu iya ɗanɗano su.
