Sesame, ko Sesame

Sesame tsaba, kosesame (Alamar Sesamum) - tsiro daga dangin Sesame (Pedaliaceae), nasa ne ga halittar Sesame (Sesamum), gami da har kusan nau'ikan 10 waɗanda ke girma cikin daji a wurare masu zafi da kuma Kudancin Afirka, ban da ɗayan gonar tun lokacin da ya faru a duk Asia mai ɗumi da zafi, kuma yanzu a Amurka.

Sunan Latin don halittar halittar Sesamum ya fito ne daga wasu Girkanci. sēsamon, wanda, bi da bi, ana aro daga yaren Semitic (Aramaic) shūmshĕmā, arab. simsim), daga marigayi Babila shawash-shammuotassirian shamash-shammūdagashaman shammī - "inji mai".

Sesame, ko sesame (Sesamum tus) Hotunan Botanical daga littafin "Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen", 1887

Sesame tsire-tsire ne na shekara 60-150 cm Tsarin tushe shine tsawon 70-80 cm, tsayi da kauri a sashin da ke sama. Kara ne madaidaiciya, kore ko dan kadan m, 4-8-gefe, pubescent, ƙasa da yawa danda, yawanci branched daga gindi; na biyu-oda rassan da wuya kafa. Ganyayyaki suna juyawa, akasin haka ko kuma gauraye. Bar mashaya, santsi ko laushi, 10-30 cm tsayi, tsayi-tsayi. Ganyen Leaf ya bambanta sosai tsakanin nau'ikan daban-daban kuma a cikin shuka iri ɗaya. Leavesarancin ganyayyaki galibi suna zagaye, gefe-ɗaya; Tsakanin su suna lanceolate, elliptical ko elongate-ovoid, duka-baki, serrated, incised ko zurfi, dabino-rabuwa. Ganyen ganye babba ne, duka. Furanni masu girma, har zuwa 4 cm tsayi, kusan sessile, wanda yake a cikin axils na ganye na 1-5 guda. Calyx 0.5-0.7 cm tsayi, ganye, tare da 5-8 elongated lobes, kore, yadace da yawa. Corolla yana da leda biyu, mai ruwan hoda, fari ko shunayya, yakasance mai dumbin yawa, tsawonta 1.5-3.8 cm lebe na sama gajere ne, 2-3-lobed; ƙananan - mafi tsayi, 3- da 5-lobed. Stamens, lamba 5, an haɗe su zuwa ɓangaren ɓangaren corolla, wanda 4 suke ci gaba da al'ada, kuma 5th na haɓaka. Kadan yawanci akwai tambura 10. Kwaro tare da babba-4-nested, oves mai narkewa.

'Ya'yan itacen yana daɗaɗɗu, nunawa a cikin koli, kore ko ɗan ƙaramin launin shuɗi, matuƙar ƙwaƙwalwar gida-4 -9, mafi tsayi 3-5 cm. Tsaba suna da tsayi, lebur, tsawon 3-3.5 mm, fari, rawaya, launin ruwan kasa, ko baƙi.

Blossoms a watan Yuni-Yuli, yana bada 'ya'ya a watan Agusta-Satumba. A cikin daji, ana samun sa ne kawai a Afirka.

Sesame, ko sesame (Sesamum tus) furanni

Sesame, ko sesame (Sesamum nuni)

Sesame, ko sesame (Sesamum tus) fure

Sesame, ko sesame (Sesamum tus) ganye da akwatin 'ya'yan itace

Sesame iri yana ɗayan tsohuwar kayan yaji da aka sani ga mutum, kuma wataƙila amfanin gona na farko ya kasance na musamman ne saboda yawan ɗanɗano. Mazaunan Babila sun shirya kayan yaji, waina da iri iri, sun kuma amfani da mai don dafa abinci da bayan gida. Masarawa suna amfani da Sesame a matsayin magani tun farkon 1500 BC “Open Sesame” kalmar sihiri ce da Ali Baba ya yi amfani da shi kuma 'yan fashi arba'in su shiga cikin kogon. Wannan ana iya danganta shi da gaskiyar cewa cikakke sesame kwafsa suna buɗe tare da dannawa da ƙarfi a ɗan taɓawa. Ko da a cikin tsohuwar sunan an danganta ta da rashin mutuwa. Akwai wasu ƙari a cikin wannan, duk da haka, ƙwayoyin sisin suna da wadataccen abinci sosai a cikin bitamin (musamman bitamin E) da ma'adanai (musamman zinc) waɗanda suke buƙatar aiki na al'ada na kowane jikin mutum. Abin takaici, sesame ba ta shahara sosai a ƙasarmu, kuma sanannu ne a matsayin ɓangaren halva, musamman "tahini" - don shirye-shiryensa, ana amfani da taro tahini a matsayin tushen - sesame tsaba .. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 17 da na 18, bayi sun kawo tsaba zuwa Amurka Tsaba, ya danganta da nau'in shuka, launin ruwan kasa, ja, shuɗi, rawaya, da hauren giwa. Abubuwan da suka fi duhu suna ɗaukar ƙwaƙƙwasa seedswayoyin Sesame suna da ƙanshi, ƙanshi mai daɗin da ke ƙaruwa lokacin soya. Saboda babban abun ciki na mai, tsaba suna tabarbarewa da sauri. Zai fi kyau ka saya su cikin adadi kaɗan da amfani da sauri. Sesame oil, ta bambanta, yana da kyau kuma an adana shi tsawon. Tun da sesame a yau zamani ne na kayan yaji da ƙanshi, gami da tushen kayan lambu, la'akari da amfani dashi, fara daga Gabas ta Tsakiya. A Gabas ta Tsakiya, ana amfani da sesame tsaba don yayyafa kowane nau'in kayan gasa da wuri mai lebur. Ana amfani da man shafawa a ƙasa gaba ɗaya a Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin girke-girke da yawa na Gabas ta Tsakiya don yin kauri da kayan zaki da na miya.

Sesame, ko sesame tsaba (Sesamum tus) tsaba

Ainihin, kusan dukkanin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna dauke da wani nau'in makamashi mai ɓoye, wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman tushen haɓaka don ɗan ƙaramin shuka a farkon lokaci na rayuwarsa. Tsarin yana dauke da mai mai (har zuwa 60%), wanda ya haɗa da glycerides na oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic, arachinic da lignoceric acid; phytosterol, sesamine (chloroform), sesamol, sesamoline, bitamin E, kai. A cewar wasu kafofin, sesame man yafi ƙunshi triglycerides, light unsaturated oleic acid (35-48%), linoleic acid (37-48%), ban da haka, kusan 10% na kitse mai da yawa: stearic (4-6%), palmitic ( 7-8%), har da myristic (kusan 0.1%), arachinic (har zuwa 1.0%) (lambar iodine 110). Sakamakon ƙaƙƙarfan kaddarorin antioxidant - sesame oil (oxyhydroquinone methyl ester) ana samun shi a cikin sesame oil, kuma rashi na rashin ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano sau uku, mai na sesame yana da tsawon rayuwar sel. Sesame tsaba suna da kusan 50-60% mai mai, abun da ke ciki ya ƙunshi lignins biyu - sesamine da sesamoline (kimanin 300 ppm a cikin man), waɗanda aka canza su zuwa maganin antolidid, sesamol da sesaminol, yayin sake sabuntawa. Sesame mai shine samfurin abinci wanda yake daidai da sauran mai na kayan lambu, duk da haka, baya dauke da bitamin A da ƙananan bitamin E. Manyan sesame na Gabas suna da warinsa ga ƙwayoyin da yawa waɗanda aka kirkira ne kawai lokacin aikin soya. Manyan sune 2-furylmethanethiol, wanda kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙanshin kofi da nama mai gasa, guayacol (2-methoxyphenol), phenylethanethiol da furaneol, kazalika da vinylguacol, 2-pentylpyridine, da dai sauransu.

Simit, Girkanci da Baturke suna gasa kaya tare da tsaba na sesame.

Ana amfani da ƙwayar Sesame don ƙara kayan rubutu da ɗanɗano a cikin burodin da yawa, mirgine, kayan fasa da kayan salatin. Gaurayawar kayan yaji a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Asiya suna amfani da tsaba na ɓarnaci gaba ɗaya. A kasar Sin da Japan, ana iya samar da salads da kayan dafa abinci tare da tsaba na sesame.

Ana amfani da Sesame sosai don samar da tahini manna. Ana amfani da farin sesame fari don waɗannan dalilai. Ana amfani da manna na Tahini don samar da kayan zaki, kuma tare da sukari da zuma don samar da halva. Don samar da man taya tahini mai inganci, ana iya peesame tsaba. Ana amfani da farin sesame don yin ado da abinci da burodi. Saboda waɗannan manufofin, an riga an sansu da sesame. Idan aka tafasa, ana iya soyayyen sesame kafin a yi amfani dashi a matsayin yayyafa kayan gasa. A cikin Koriya, ana amfani da ganyen sesame tare da ƙanshin ƙonewa, ana ba su kyakkyawar sifa kuma ana aiki da su kamar kayan lambu tare da miya ko soyayyen a cikin batter. Kari akan haka, ana amfani da su kunshin shinkafa da kayan marmari a ciki (analog na ana susan Japan) ana kuma ƙara ganyen magarya a magaryar a ƙarshen dafa abinci. Sesame iri iri na Koriya suna fitar da ganyayyaki waɗanda suke da kama da ganyayyaki banister, waɗanda suka fi so a cikin abincin Jafananci. Ganyen gwagwarmayar ya kasance mafi ƙanƙanta da ƙanana, tare da ƙarin gefunan yanka kuma suna da ƙanshin dabam. Gishiri na Sesame - babban kayan yaji na Korea shine cakuda yankakken 'ya' yan sesame tsaba da gishiri.

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